Journal Information
Vol. 35. Issue 3.
Pages 150-156 (January 2011)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 35. Issue 3.
Pages 150-156 (January 2011)
Full text access
Study of post-ICU mortality during 4 years (2006–2009). Analysis of the factors related to death in the ward after discharge from the ICU
Estudio de la mortalidad post-UCI durante 4 años (2006–2009). Análisis de factores en relación con el fallecimiento en planta tras el alta de UCI
Visits
620
R. Abizanda Campos
Corresponding author
rabizandac@terra.es

Corresponding author.
, S. Altaba Tena, A. Belenguer Muncharaz, S. Más Font, A. Ferrándiz Sellés, L. Mateu Campos, J. de León Belmar
Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Asociado General de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Objective

To detect possible reasons for mortality of critical patients transferred from the ICU to the hospital wards and to analyze the possible attributable causes for such mortality.

Design

An observational study of prospectively collected data, analyzed retrospectively.

Population

Cohort analysis of 5328 with consecutive admissions to our ICU, whose evolution was followed up to hospital discharge or death.

Period

From January 2006 to December 2009.

Method

An analysis was made of differential significance of epidemiological, clinical-care, death risk estimate, coincidence between ICU admissions reasons and causes of death after ICU discharge, as well as limitation of health care effort incidence. Inappropriate ICU discharge was considered to exist if the death occurred during the first 48 hours after ICU transfer, without limitation of care effort.

Results

A total of 907 patients died (SMR = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.87–0.93), 202 of whom died after ICU discharge (3.8% of total sample and 22.3% of all deceased patients), ward length of stay being 12.4±17.9 days. No significant differences were found between deaths in the ICU or post-ICU deaths regarding infective complications appearing after admission to the ICU. Greater mortality was also not found in those re-admitted to the ICU after having been transferred to the ward. It was verified that the cause of death in the ward did not significantly coincide with the cause of admission to the ICU.

Discussion

Some mortality after ICU discharge is to be expected. Our data do not allow us to attribute this mortality rate to care deficiencies (inappropriate ICU discharges or deceased care in the wards). The reasons for this mortality have a varied and variable explanation. It mostly corresponds to an evolution of the patients differing from that expected when they were discharged from ICU.

Keywords:
Critically ill patients
Mortality
Risk of death
Intensive care unit
Resumen
Objetivo

Detectar posibles razones de la mortalidad de los pacientes críticos trasladados desde la UCI a las plantas del hospital y analizar las potenciales causas atribuibles de esta mortalidad.

Diseño

Estudio observacional de datos prospectivos analizados retrospectivamente.

Muestra

Cohorte de 5.328 pacientes ingresados consecutivamente en nuestro SMI cuya evolución se sigue hasta el fallecimiento o el alta hospitalaria.

Período

Desde enero de 2006 a diciembre de 2009.

Método

Análisis de significación diferencial de datos epidemiológicos, clínico-asistenciales, de estimación de riesgo de muerte, de coincidencia de diagnóstico de causa de ingreso en UCI y de causa de fallecimiento y de incidencia de limitación de esfuerzo asistencial. Se consideró alta inadecuada de UCI si la muerte acontecía antes de las 48 h del traslado, sin limitación de esfuerzo asistencial.

Resultados

Fallecieron 907 pacientes (tasa estandarizada de 0,9; IC del 95%, 0,87–0,93) de los que 202 fallecieron tras el alta del SMI (el 3,8% de la población total y el 22,3% de los fallecidos); la estancia en planta post-UCI fue de 12,4±17,9 días. No se detectaron diferencias significativas entre los fallecidos en UCI o tras la estancia en UCI respecto a complicaciones infectivas aparecidas tras el ingreso. Tampoco los reingresados en UCI tras el pase a planta presentaron una mayor mortalidad. Se comprueba que la causa de muerte en planta no es significativamente coincidente con la causa de ingreso en UCI.

Discusión

Cierta mortalidad de pacientes críticos tras el traslado desde UCI es un hecho habitual. Nuestros datos no permiten atribuir esta mortalidad a deficiencias asistenciales (altas inadecuadas o disminución de asistencia en planta). Las razones para esta mortalidad tienen una explicación variada y variable, y en su mayoría corresponden a evolución del paciente diferente de la previsible tras el traslado desde el SMI.

Palabras clave:
Paciente crítico
UCI
Mortalidad
Riesgo de muerte
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
R.B. Becker, J.E. Zimmerman.
ICU scoring systems allow prediction of patient outcomes and comparison of ICU performance.
Crit Care Clin, 12 (1996), pp. 503-514
[2.]
A. Net, A. Roglan, E. Quintana, M. Monroig.
Estudio de la mortalidad con especial referencia a la mortalidad oculta en cuidados intensivos.
Rev Calidad Asistencial, 11 (1996), pp. s54-s61
[3.]
Abizanda Campos R. Mortalidad oculta: un término inadecuado [accessed 2010 Apr]. Available from: http://remi.uninet.edu/2003/11/REMIMED46.htm.
[4.]
A. Braber.
Van Zanten ARH Unravelling post-ICU mortality: predictors and causes of death.
Eur J Anaesthesiol, 27 (2010), pp. 486-490
[5.]
R. Moreno, D. Agthé.
ICU discharge decision-making: are we able to decrease post-ICU mortality?.
Intensive Care Med, 25 (1999), pp. 1035-1036
[6.]
R. Moreno, D.R. Miranda, R. Matos, T. Fevereiro.
Mortality alter discharge from intensive care: the impact of organ system failure and nursing workload use at discharge.
Intensive Care Med, 27 (2001), pp. 999-1004
[7.]
Fernández R, Baiorri F, Navarro G, Artigas A. A modified McCabe score for stratification of patients after intensive care unit discharge: the Sabadell score [accessed 2010 Apr]. Available from: http://ccforum.com/content/10/6/R179.
[8.]
D.R. Goldhill, A. Sumner.
Outcome of intensive care patients is a group of British intensive care units.
Crit Care Med, 26 (1998), pp. 1337-1345
[9.]
D.H. Beck, P. McQuillan, G.B. Smith.
Waiting for the break of dawn? The effect of discharge time discharge TISS scores and discharge facility on hospital mortality after intensive care.
Intensive Care Med, 28 (2002), pp. 1287-1293
[10.]
R. Fernández, J.M. Serrano, I. Umaran, R. Abizanda, A. Carrillo, M.J. López-Pueyo, et al.
Ward mortality alter ICU discharge: a multicenter validation of the Sabadell Score.
Intensive Care Med, 36 (2010), pp. 1196-1201
[11.]
F. Gordo, A. Nuñez, E. Calvo, A. Algora.
Mortalidad intrahospitalaria tras el alta de una unidad de cuidados intensivos en pacientes que han precisado ventilación mecánica.
Med Clin (Barc), 121 (2003), pp. 241-244
[12.]
F. Garcia Lizana, J.L. Manzano Alonso, P. Saavedra Santana.
Mortalidad y calidad de vida de pacientes mayores de 65 años un año después del alta de UCI.
Med Clin (Barc), 116 (2001), pp. 521-525
[13.]
R. Fernández, N. Bacelar, G. Hernández, I. Tubau, F. Baigorri.
Ward mortality in patients discharged from the ICU with tracheostomy may depends on patient's vulnerability.
Intensive Care Med, 34 (2008), pp. 1878-1882
[14.]
E. Sacanella, J.M. Pérez-Castejón, J.M. Nicolás, F. Masanés, M. Navarro, P. Castro, et al.
Mortality in healthy elderly patients alter ICU admission.
Intensive Care Med, 35 (2009), pp. 550-555
[15.]
G. Iapichino, A. Morabito, G. Mistraletti, L. Ferla, D. Radrizzani, D. Reis Miranda.
Determinants of post-intensive care mortality in high level treated critically ill patients.
Intensive Care Med, 29 (2003), pp. 1751-1756
[16.]
K.M. Ho, K.Y. Lee, G.J. Dobb, S.A. Webb.
C-reactive protein concentration as a predictor of in-hospital mortality after ICU discharge: a prospective cohort study.
Intensiva Care Ned, 34 (2008), pp. 481-487
[17.]
K. Daly, R. Beale, R.W. Chang.
Reduction in mortality after inappropriate early discharge from intensive care unit: logistic regression triage model.
Brit Med J, 322 (2001), pp. 1274-1276
[18.]
G.J. Duke, J.V. Green, J.H. Briedis.
Night – shift discharge from intensive care unit increases the mortality – risk of ICU survivors.
Anaesth Intensive Care, 32 (2004), pp. 697-701
[19.]
L. Smith, C.M. Orts, I. O’Neill, A.M. Batchelor, A.D. Gascoigne, S.V. Baudouin.
TISS and mortality after discharge from intensive care.
Intensive Care Med, 25 (1999), pp. 1061-1065
[20.]
R.F. Alban, A.A. Nisim, J. Ho, G.K. Nishi, M.M. Shabot.
Readmission to surgical intensive care increases severity adjusted patient mortality.
[21.]
A.J. Campbell, J.A. Cook, G. Adey, B.H. Cuthbertson.
Predicting death and readmission after intensive care discharge.
Br J Anaesth, 100 (2008), pp. 156-162
[22.]
A.L. Rosenberg, T.P. Hofer, R.A. Hayward, C. Strachan, C.M. Watts.
Who bounces back? Physiologic and other predictors of intensive care unit readmission.
Crit Care Med, 29 (2001), pp. 511-518
[23.]
K.S. Chan, C.K. Tan, C.S. Fang, C.L. Tsai, C.C. Hou, K.C. Cheng, et al.
Readmission to the intensive care unit: an indicator that reflects the potential risks of morbidity and mortality of surgical patients in the intensive care unit.
Surg Today, 39 (2009), pp. 295-299
[24.]
P.G. Metnitz, F. Fieux, B. Jordan, T. Lang, R. Moreno, J.R. Le Gall.
Critically ill patients readmitted to intensive care units – lessons to learn?.
Intensive Care Med, 29 (2003), pp. 241-248
[25.]
K.M. Ho, G.J. Dobb, K.Y. Lee, J. Finn, M. Knuiman, S.A. Webb.
The effect of comorbidities on risk of intensive care readmission during the same hospitalisation: a linked data cohort study.
J Crit Care, 24 (2009), pp. 101-107
[26.]
R. Rivera-Fernández, J.J. Sánchez-Cruz, R. Abizanda-Campos, G. Vázquez-Mata.
Quality of life before intensive care unit admission and its influence on resource utilization and mortality rate.
Crit Care Med, 29 (2001), pp. 1701-1709
[27.]
K.M. Ho, M. Knuiman.
Bayesian approach to predict mortality of intensive care readmissions during the same hospitalisation.
Anaesth Intensive Care, 36 (2008), pp. 38-45
[28.]
E. Azoulay, C. Adrie, A. De Laessence, F. Pochard, D. Moreau, G. Thiery, et al.
Determinants of postintensive care unit mortality;A prospective multicenter study.
Crit Care Med, 31 (2003), pp. 428-432
[29.]
V.D. Mayr, M.W. Dünser, V. Greil, S. Jochberger, G. Luckner, H. Ulmer, et al.
Causes of death and determinants of outcome in critically ill patients.
Crit Care, 10 (2006), pp. R154
Copyright © 2011. Elsevier y Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Critica y Unidades Coronarias
Idiomas
Medicina Intensiva (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?