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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Coronary heart diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world&#46; Acute coronary syndrome &#40;ACS&#41; is a term representing the main clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic progression in the coronary plaque&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In the pathological process of ACS&#44; thrombosis plays a critical role&#46; Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque exposes flowing blood to subendothelial collagen&#44; tissue factor&#44; and other procoagulant substances that trigger the activation of platelets and the formation of fibrin within the local vessel lumen&#46; Endothelial damage&#44; inflammation and coagulation are closely related to the patho-physiology of acute coronary syndrome and might be inter-related&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor &#40;TAFI&#41; is a zymogen that links coagulation and fibrinolysis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> When activated&#44; it potently inhibits fibrinolysis through the removal of the carboxy-terminal lysine and arginine residues from partially degraded fibrin polymers&#46; In addition&#44; TAFI has a suppressive effect on conversion of inactive plasminogen to plasmin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Since impaired fibrinolysis is a well established risk factor for cardiovascular events&#44; detecting TAFI concentration in ACS patients may be helpful to the risk assessment of this life threatening disease&#46; However&#44; the results of current investigation are paradoxical&#46; Some studies showed a trend for increased TAFI level in coronary artery disease&#44; while others found decreased level of TAFI in these patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inflammation plays an important role in the onset and development of atherosclerosis which is the underlying cause of ACS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Coagulation and inflammation are closely inter-related processes&#46; Pro-inflammatory cytokines promote blood coagulation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Inflammation leads to activation of coagulation&#44; and activated coagulation considerably affects inflammatory activities&#46; Pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators are capable of activating coagulation system and downregulating important physiological anticoagulant pathways&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since TAFI is a connector of blood coagulation and inflammation&#44; it seems reasonable to hypothesize that TAFI might be an indicator which comprehensively reflexes coagulation and inflammation status&#44; and maybe it is possible to use TAFI as a risk factor to ACS patients&#46; Thus&#44; the present study was designed to test and verify this hypothesis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Subjects and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Study design</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed a case&#8211;control study with prospective inclusion of the participants&#46; Cases were consecutively recruited 211 patients with acute coronary syndrome&#44; admitted to the Cardiovascular Department of Jinzhou Medical University between September 2014 and August 2015&#46; No patient died during hospitalization&#44; and all patients finished the study&#46; Control subjects were normal volunteer subjects&#44; recommended by Medical Examination Center of the hospital&#44; and had no previous history of thromboembolic disease and were matched to the patients in age and sex&#46; All subjects in this study were given informed consent according to a protocol approved by the local ethics committee&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Inclusion criteria</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with ACS enrolled in this experiment included acute myocardial infarction &#40;AMI&#44; total of 153 patients&#41; and unstable angina &#40;UA&#44; total of 58 patients&#41;&#46; AMI was defined according to the universal definitions of MI though characteristic symptoms and ECG changes&#44; as well as cardiac marker elevation&#46; The elevation of cardiac biomarker included that CK-MB fraction level increased at least twice the upper limit of normal or the level of troponin I or T increased above the cut-off level for MI&#46; Unstable angina was diagnosed through symptoms and ECG changes complied with ACS&#44; and cardiac marker levels in UA patients were lower than cut-off or normal levels&#46; The standard for ST-elevation myocardial infarction &#40;STEMI&#41; diagnosis included evidence of AMI as above mentioned&#44; and ST-segment elevation and&#47;or new left bundle branch block on the initial ECG&#46; The classification of Non-STEMI &#40;NSTEMI&#41; patients included those with ischemic symptoms&#44; ST-segment depression or T-wave abnormalities in the absence of ST elevation on the initial ECG&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> All patients underwent coronary angiography and only those whose coronary artery occlusion area exceeded 50&#37; were included&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Blood samples and procedures</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All venous blood samples were taken in about six o&#8217;clock in the morning after an overnight fast&#46; The blood collection of patients was within twenty-four hours after admission&#46; The blood samples were taken from the femoral vein into 0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M trisodium citrate&#44; and kept on ice and centrifuged within one hour at 2500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g for 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min at 6&#176;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C&#46; Plasma samples were stored at &#8722;80&#176;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C until analysis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Laboratory assays</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analysis was done blinded to the case identity&#46; The samples were assayed by corresponding kits&#46; TAFI&#44; procalcitonin &#40;PCT&#41; and C-reactive protein &#40;CRP&#41; kits were from Liaoning MEDI Biotechnological Company &#40;Benxi&#44; China&#41;&#46; TAFI level was assayed by immunoturbidimetry kit&#59; PCT and CRP levels were determined by gold-immunochromatographic assay&#46; Serum levels of interleukin-1&#946; &#40;IL-1&#946;&#41;&#44; interleukin-6 &#40;IL-6&#41; and tumor necrosis factor-&#945; &#40;TNF-&#945;&#41; were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay &#40;ELISA&#41; kits &#40;Jingmei Biological Technology Company&#44; Jiangsu&#44; China&#41;&#46; For immunoturbidimetry assay&#44; automatic biochemical analyzer &#40;Beckman Coulter&#44; USA&#41; was applied&#46; For ELISA assay&#44; microplate reader &#40;Biotek ELx808&#44; USA&#41; was used&#46; For gold-immunochromatographic assay&#44; Colloidal Gold Immunoassay Analyzer was used &#40;HY Triage&#44; Taizhou&#44; China&#41;&#46; The coefficient of variations for all kits were less than 15&#37;&#46; All operations were carried out in accordance with manufacturers&#8217; instructions&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Statistical analyses</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All descriptive data were shown as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation&#46; Statistical analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 19&#46; The data were analyzed by an ANOVA&#46; We used the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test for independent samples to assess the differences between two groups&#46; Pearson&#39;s correlation was used to calculate correlations between TAFI and plasma cytokine levels&#46; Multivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify the independent risk factors associated with ACS&#46; The receiver operating characteristic &#40;ROC&#41; analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of TAFI for ACS and determine the best cut-off value of TAFI&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> values &#60;0&#46;05 were considered statistically significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Basic clinical characteristics of patients</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study population consisted of 211 ACS patients and 211 controls&#46; Basic clinical characters of patients and controls were showed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Patients with ACS were subdivided into STEMI&#44; NSTEMI and UA&#46; There was no significant difference in age&#44; gender&#44; history of hypertension&#44; diabetes or tobacco use between ACS patients and healthy controls&#46; Further analysis of the clinical classification of ACS patients showed no remarkable difference in lipid&#44; lipoprotein fractions and fasting glucose among patients with STEMI&#44; NSTEMI&#44; UA and healthy controls&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Plasma level of TAFI decreased&#44; while pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase reactive protein level increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As an initial attempt to explore whether TAFI could be used as a possible risk factor to ACS&#44; we detected the variety of TAFI and inflammation status in ACS patients&#46; The results were shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46; TAFI level in ACS patients was significantly lower than in controls&#46; Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6 and TNF-&#945; were significantly increased when compared with that in controls&#46; PCT and CRP levels in ACS patients were also notably higher than in controls&#46; Collectively&#44; these data suggest that the serum level of TAFI changes in opposite direction against pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in ACS patients&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Serum TAFI level showed strong negative correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein levels in ACS patients</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To explore the relationship of TAFI and inflammatory parameters in ACS&#44; we evaluated the correlation between serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in patients with ACS&#46; A significant negative correlation was found between TAFI and IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP in acute coronary patients &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; This discovery strongly implies a negative relationship exists between TAFI and inflammation parameters&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Serum TAFI level negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein levels in healthy controls</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As a strong negative correlation existed between TAFI and inflammatory parameters in ACS patients&#44; we further analyzed the relationship of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in healthy controls&#46; Just as expected&#44; we found that TAFI level in healthy controls was also negatively correlated with the serum levels of IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP&#46; Combined with the correlation analysis results in ACS patients&#44; we speculated that maybe there exists an intrinsic regulation among serum TAFI concentration and IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP levels &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Serum TAFI level for ACS risk assessment</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To further investigate the association between serum TAFI and ACS&#44; multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; Only those parameters that were significantly differentiated between ACS and controls were considered as impacting factors&#46; The results showed that after adjusting for IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP&#44; decreased TAFI was still significantly associated with an increased risk of ACS &#40;OR&#44; 9&#46;459&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 2&#46;306&#8211;38&#46;793&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002&#41;&#46; Additionally&#44; increased IL-1&#946; &#40;OR&#44; 67&#46;918&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 4&#46;072&#8211;1132&#46;738&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&#41;&#44; TNF-&#945; &#40;OR&#44; 46&#46;437&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 5&#46;835&#8211;369&#46;532&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; and CRP &#40;OR&#44; 5&#46;038&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 2&#46;629&#8211;9&#46;657&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; were also risk factors of ACS&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Specificity and sensitivity of serum TAFI on predicting ACS</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since TAFI is the center among the parameters in this study&#44; we put special emphasis on analyzing its role in ACS risk assessment&#46; In order to calculate cut-off point of TAFI&#44; ROC analysis was performed&#46; The ROC curve analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41; showed that the area under the curve of TAFI for predicting ACS was 0&#46;872 &#40;95&#37; CI&#44; 0&#46;787&#8211;0&#46;909&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; The optimum cut-off point of TAFI was under 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;mL&#44; with sensitivity of 75&#46;83&#37; and specificity of 72&#46;57&#37;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Discussion</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In present study&#44; we demonstrated that plasma TAFI level decreases&#44; while the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins increase in patients with ACS&#46; There exists a strong negative correlation between TAFI level and IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP concentration&#46; After adjusting for pro-inflammatory cytokines&#44; decreased TAFI is still associated with an increased risk of ACS&#46; To our knowledge&#44; this is the first investigation on the correlation between TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines&#44; and exploring TAFI as a possible independent risk factor to ACS patients&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">TAFI&#44; a carboxypeptidase B &#40;CPB&#41;-like zymogen&#44; activated by thrombin during coagulation&#44; is synthesized by liver and released into circulating plasma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Thrombin cleaves TAFI into activation peptide and catalytic domain&#44; the latter leads to decreased plasmin formation and enhanced stabilization of the clot&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> It seems that the elevated level of TAFI zymogen is associated with coronary heart disease&#46; However&#44; according to the course of TAFI activation&#44; it is more likely that the active form of TAFI instead of TAFI zymogen&#44; is responsible for clot stabilization effect&#46; In fact&#44; the reported serum levels of TAFI were ambiguous in coronary heart disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> The reasons for the difference of TAFI levels among researchers might can be explained as different cardiovascular disease stages<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> or different assays or different antibody reactivity toward different TAFI isoforms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In present study&#44; we found decreased serum TAFI level in ACS patients&#46; Although definite evidence concerning the mechanisms of plasma TAFI decline is not available&#44; it seems rational to partially explain the decrease as huge consumption of TAFI in the acute stage of ACS&#46; This explanation gets support from a recent report&#44; in which the continuously decreased serum TAFI concentration was shown to be closely associated with extensive TAFI activation&#44; more severe initial stroke&#44; and unfavorable stroke evolution in subacute phase and poor long-term stroke outcome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Genotyping analysis of TAFI promoter and 3&#8242;-untranslated regions showed polymorphisms&#44; which might contribute to decreased serum TAFI level&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The 2 main polymorphisms that closely associated with TAFI concentration are 1542C and Thr147 in the 3&#8242;-untranslated region&#46; The carriers of these two alleles had higher serum TAFI levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> The GG genotype of the C<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1542G polymorphism&#44; the TT &#40;Ile&#47;Ile&#41; genotype of the Thr325Ile polymorphism and the GG &#40;Ala&#47;Ala&#41; genotype of the Ala147Thr polymorphism are associated with lower TAFI Ag and TAFI activity levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> We do not conduct TAFI polymorphism detection in present research&#44; thus it is difficult for us to rule out the genetic impact on TAFI level&#46; However&#44; there is no report concerning significant difference of genotype distribution between case and control&#46; Maybe it is justified to assume the influence of genetic factor on plasma TAFI level between case and control is ignorable in present research&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A recent research showed that TAFI expression can also be regulated by inflammatory mediators&#46; Cultured HepG2 cells treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines of IL-6&#44; TNF&#945; and IL-1&#946;&#44; reduce TAFI production by half&#46; In contrast&#44; when treated with anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10&#44; HepG2 cells double TAFI expression&#46; The mechanism for this modulation concerns binding of tristetraprolin to TAFI 3&#8242;-UTR&#44; mediating TAFI mRNA destabilization&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> In present study&#44; we found the increase of IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6 and TNF-&#945; in ACS patients&#46; Maybe it is rational to partially attribute the decrease of plasma TAFI concentration to the inhibition effect of high level pro-inflammatory cytokines on TAFI expression in ACS patients&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Activated TAFI has a broad range of anti-inflammatory activities&#46; It inactivates the activated inflammatory mediators&#44; including complement elements of C5a and C3a&#44; osteopontin and bradykinin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Inflammation in vascular wall is crucial to the development of atherosclerosis&#44; and is responsible for several adverse vascular events&#44; such as coronary artery disease and stroke&#46; The expression of endothelial pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules greatly accelerates atherosclerotic lesion formation in animal atherosclerosis model&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Cytokines&#44; such as IL-1&#946; and TNF-a&#44; act as mediators of innate and adaptive immunity in the formation and progression of atherosclerosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In the progression of atherosclerosis plaque&#44; macrophage cells accumulate in arterial intima and adventitia&#44; releasing vasoactive factors and inflammatory cytokines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Thus it can be inferred that decreased plasma TAFI weakens its inhibition effect on vascular wall inflammation in ACS patients&#46; The negative correlation between serum TAFI and IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP levels strongly suggests the existence of an intrinsic regulation network&#46; However&#44; the precise mechanisms for this regulation are still unclear&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main limitation for present study is the absence of follow-up&#46; This limitation weakens the predictive capacity of TAFI in relation to cardiovascular risk&#46; The second limitation is that this observation is based on a small number of patients and controls&#44; so it is difficult to completely avoid the impact of individual difference of TAFI level between case and control&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary&#44; this study found that plasma level of TAFI decreases&#44; while the serum levels of IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP increase in acute stage ACS patients&#46; TAFI concentration is negatively correlated with IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP&#46; TAFI might be a prospective biomarker for the risk assessment of acute coronary syndrome&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Note&#58;</span> The first and corresponding author Hongbo Pang is now working in College of Chemistry and Life Science&#44; Shenyang Normal University &#40;No&#46; 253 Huanghebei Street&#44; Huanggu District&#44; Shenyang City&#44; China&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Ethical disclosures</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All subjects in this study were given informed consents according to a protocol approved by the local ethics committee&#46; The contents of the consent included the aim of this research&#44; the obligation and right of participants&#44; the procedure of this research&#44; and risk factors of this research&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Authors contribution</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hongbo Pang designed the study and wrote manuscript&#46; Chuanhai Zhang performed collection of subjects and clinical work&#46; Feng Liu performed the assay of all index&#46; Xiaoli Gong conducted determination of TAFI and data analysis&#46; Xuehua Jin conducted determination of cytokines&#46; Chunyang Su performed cytokine assays&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Abstract"
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          "titulo" => "Introduction"
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          "titulo" => "Subjects and methods"
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              "titulo" => "Basic clinical characteristics of patients"
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              "titulo" => "Plasma level of TAFI decreased&#44; while pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase reactive protein level increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome"
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              "titulo" => "Serum TAFI level showed strong negative correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein levels in ACS patients"
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          "titulo" => "Serum TAFI level negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein levels in healthy controls"
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          "titulo" => "Serum TAFI level for ACS risk assessment"
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          "titulo" => "References"
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      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-08-11"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2016-10-11"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec907290"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Acute coronary syndrome"
            1 => "Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor"
            2 => "Proinflammatory cytokine"
            3 => "Acute phase protein"
            4 => "Coronary disease"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec907291"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "S&#237;ndrome coronario agudo"
            1 => "Inhibidor de la fibrin&#243;lisis activado por trombina"
            2 => "Citocina proinflamatoria"
            3 => "Prote&#237;na de la fase aguda"
            4 => "Cardiopat&#237;a coronaria"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A study was made of the changes in the serum levels of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor &#40;TAFI&#41;&#44; proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in the acute stage of acute coronary syndrome &#40;ACS&#41;&#44; in order to explore the possibility of using TAFI as a biomarker for ACS risk assessment&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 211 patients with ACS were enrolled&#44; and healthy subjects were used as controls&#46; Blood samples were taken within 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after admission&#46; Serum TAFI levels were determined by immunoturbidimetry&#46; Serum levels of interleukin-1&#946; &#40;IL-1&#946;&#41;&#44; interleukin-6 &#40;IL-6&#41; and tumor necrosis factor-alpha &#40;TNF-&#945;&#41; were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay &#40;ELISA&#41;&#46; Procalcitonin &#40;PCT&#41; and C-reactive protein &#40;CRP&#41; levels were measured by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gold-immunochromatographic assay</span>&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Serum TAFI levels in ACS patients were significantly decreased versus the controls&#46; The IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP levels were markedly higher in the ACS patients than in the controls&#46; Correlation analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between TAFI concentration and the IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#1072;&#44; PCT and CRP levels in ACS patients and in controls&#46; Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested decreased serum TAFI to be an independent risk factor for ACS &#40;OR 9&#46;459&#59; 95&#37; CI 2&#46;306&#8211;38&#46;793&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002&#41;&#46; The area under the receiver operating characteristic &#40;ROC&#41; curve for TAFI was 0&#46;872 &#40;95&#37; CI 0&#46;787&#8211;0&#46;909&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; The optimum TAFI cutoff point for the prediction of ACS was 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;ml&#44; with a sensitivity of 75&#46;83&#37; and a specificity of 72&#46;57&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">These findings suggest that TAFI can be useful as a potential biomarker for ACS risk assessment&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Esta investigaci&#243;n se ha dise&#241;ado para analizar el cambio en las concentraciones s&#233;ricas del inhibidor de la fibrin&#243;lisis activado por trombina &#40;TAFI&#41;&#44; las citocinas proinflamatorias y las prote&#237;nas de la fase aguda en pacientes con s&#237;ndrome coronario agudo &#40;SCA&#41; con el fin de explorar la posibilidad de utilizar TAFI como biomarcador para evaluar el riesgo de SCA&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; un total de 211 pacientes diagnosticados de SCA y se seleccion&#243; a voluntarios sanos como controles&#46; Se extrajeron muestras de sangre de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h despu&#233;s de la admisi&#243;n&#46; La concentraci&#243;n s&#233;rica de TAFI se determin&#243; mediante inmunoturbidimetr&#237;a&#46; Las concentraciones s&#233;ricas de interleucina &#40;IL&#41;-1&#946;&#44; IL-6 y factor alfa de necrosis tumoral se determinaron mediante ensayo de inmunoabsorci&#243;n enzim&#225;tica&#46; Las concentraciones de procalcitonina y de prote&#237;na C reactiva se evaluaron mediante ensayo inmunocromatogr&#225;fico&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La concentraci&#243;n s&#233;rica de TAFI en los pacientes con SCA fue significativamente menor que en el grupo control&#46; Las concentraciones de IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; factor alfa de necrosis tumoral&#44; procalcitonina y prote&#237;na C reactiva fueron notablemente mayores en los pacientes con SCA que en el grupo control&#46; Un an&#225;lisis de correlaci&#243;n mostr&#243; que exist&#237;a una s&#243;lida correlaci&#243;n negativa entre la concentraci&#243;n de TAFI y las concentraciones de IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; factor alfa de necrosis tumoral&#44; procalcitonina y prote&#237;na C reactiva&#44; tanto en los pacientes con SCA como en los del grupo control&#46; El an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica multivariante evidenci&#243; que la disminuci&#243;n de la concentraci&#243;n s&#233;rica de TAFI constitu&#237;a un factor de riesgo independiente de SCA &#40;OR 9&#44;459&#59; IC 95&#37; 2&#44;306-38&#44;793&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;002&#41;&#46; El &#225;rea bajo la curva de eficacia diagn&#243;stica &#40;curva ROC&#41; del TAFI fue de 0&#44;872 &#40;IC 95&#37; 0&#44;787-0&#44;909&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; El punto de corte &#243;ptimo del TAFI para la predicci&#243;n del SCA fue de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;ml&#44; con una sensibilidad del 75&#44;83&#37; y una especificidad del 72&#44;57&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estos hallazgos evidencian que el TAFI constituye un posible biomarcador del riesgo de SCA&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:6 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in patients with acute coronary syndrome&#46; A significant negative correlation existed in acute coronary syndrome patients between the serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in healthy controls&#46; The serum concentration of TAFI had a strong negative correlation with the serum levels of IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Schematic of the ROC curve for ACS prediction by TAFI&#46; The area under the ROC curve of TAFI for predicting ACS was 0&#46;872 with sensitivity of 75&#46;83&#37; and specificity of 72&#46;57&#37;&#46;</p>"
        ]
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#46; Data in STEMI&#44; NSTEMI and UA are compared with controls respectively&#46; TC&#44; total cholesterol&#59; TG&#44; total triglycerides&#59; LDL-C&#44; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol&#59; HDL-C&#44; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol&#59; GLU&#44; fasting glucose&#46;</p>"
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">STEMI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NSTEMI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">UA &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>211&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">61&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sex &#40;male&#47;female&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">78&#47;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&#47;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&#47;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">120&#47;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hypertension&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69 &#40;53&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;56&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;53&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">112 &#40;53&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">35 &#40;26&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;21&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;20&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45 &#40;21&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tobacco&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37 &#40;28&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;26&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;27&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">51 &#40;24&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TC &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;91<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TG &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LDL-C &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;49<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HDL-C &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">GLU &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;17<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">STEMI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NSTEMI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">UA &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>211&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAFI &#40;&#956;g&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;64 <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0026&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&#46;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;63<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;42<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0012&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IL-1&#946; &#40;pg&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;94<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0031&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;73<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0034&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;53<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0036&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IL-6 &#40;pg&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">104&#46;72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;75<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#46;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;34<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0034&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">101&#46;43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#46;43<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82&#46;14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TNF-&#945; &#40;pg&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;76<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;28<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;13<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;24<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PCT &#40;ng&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;78<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;15 <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;14<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;16<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;44<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CRP &#40;&#956;g&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;98<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;21<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;87<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;93<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">TAFI&#44; thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor&#59; IL-1&#946;&#44; interleukin-1&#946;&#59; IL-6&#44; interleukin-6&#59; PCT&#44; procalcitonin&#59; CRP&#44; C-reactive protein&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;058&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;154&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;664&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;706&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;191&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;332&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;039&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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Original
Reduced thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and enhanced proinflammatory cytokines in acute coronary syndrome
Reducción del inhibidor de la fibrinólisis activado por trombina y aumento de las citocinas proinflamatorias en pacientes son síndrome coronario agudo
H. Panga,
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Corresponding author.
, C. Zhangb, F. Liuc, X. Gongc, X. Jinc, C. Suc
a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Ling Gong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian city 116024, China
b Vasculocardiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2 of Street 5, Guta District, Jinzhou city 121000, China
c Technology Center of Liaoning MEDI Biological Company, No. 166 of Xianghuai Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Benxi city 117004, China
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Pro-inflammatory cytokines promote blood coagulation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Inflammation leads to activation of coagulation&#44; and activated coagulation considerably affects inflammatory activities&#46; Pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators are capable of activating coagulation system and downregulating important physiological anticoagulant pathways&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since TAFI is a connector of blood coagulation and inflammation&#44; it seems reasonable to hypothesize that TAFI might be an indicator which comprehensively reflexes coagulation and inflammation status&#44; and maybe it is possible to use TAFI as a risk factor to ACS patients&#46; Thus&#44; the present study was designed to test and verify this hypothesis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Subjects and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Study design</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed a case&#8211;control study with prospective inclusion of the participants&#46; Cases were consecutively recruited 211 patients with acute coronary syndrome&#44; admitted to the Cardiovascular Department of Jinzhou Medical University between September 2014 and August 2015&#46; No patient died during hospitalization&#44; and all patients finished the study&#46; Control subjects were normal volunteer subjects&#44; recommended by Medical Examination Center of the hospital&#44; and had no previous history of thromboembolic disease and were matched to the patients in age and sex&#46; All subjects in this study were given informed consent according to a protocol approved by the local ethics committee&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Inclusion criteria</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with ACS enrolled in this experiment included acute myocardial infarction &#40;AMI&#44; total of 153 patients&#41; and unstable angina &#40;UA&#44; total of 58 patients&#41;&#46; AMI was defined according to the universal definitions of MI though characteristic symptoms and ECG changes&#44; as well as cardiac marker elevation&#46; The elevation of cardiac biomarker included that CK-MB fraction level increased at least twice the upper limit of normal or the level of troponin I or T increased above the cut-off level for MI&#46; Unstable angina was diagnosed through symptoms and ECG changes complied with ACS&#44; and cardiac marker levels in UA patients were lower than cut-off or normal levels&#46; The standard for ST-elevation myocardial infarction &#40;STEMI&#41; diagnosis included evidence of AMI as above mentioned&#44; and ST-segment elevation and&#47;or new left bundle branch block on the initial ECG&#46; The classification of Non-STEMI &#40;NSTEMI&#41; patients included those with ischemic symptoms&#44; ST-segment depression or T-wave abnormalities in the absence of ST elevation on the initial ECG&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> All patients underwent coronary angiography and only those whose coronary artery occlusion area exceeded 50&#37; were included&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Blood samples and procedures</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All venous blood samples were taken in about six o&#8217;clock in the morning after an overnight fast&#46; The blood collection of patients was within twenty-four hours after admission&#46; The blood samples were taken from the femoral vein into 0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M trisodium citrate&#44; and kept on ice and centrifuged within one hour at 2500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g for 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min at 6&#176;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C&#46; Plasma samples were stored at &#8722;80&#176;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C until analysis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Laboratory assays</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analysis was done blinded to the case identity&#46; The samples were assayed by corresponding kits&#46; TAFI&#44; procalcitonin &#40;PCT&#41; and C-reactive protein &#40;CRP&#41; kits were from Liaoning MEDI Biotechnological Company &#40;Benxi&#44; China&#41;&#46; TAFI level was assayed by immunoturbidimetry kit&#59; PCT and CRP levels were determined by gold-immunochromatographic assay&#46; Serum levels of interleukin-1&#946; &#40;IL-1&#946;&#41;&#44; interleukin-6 &#40;IL-6&#41; and tumor necrosis factor-&#945; &#40;TNF-&#945;&#41; were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay &#40;ELISA&#41; kits &#40;Jingmei Biological Technology Company&#44; Jiangsu&#44; China&#41;&#46; For immunoturbidimetry assay&#44; automatic biochemical analyzer &#40;Beckman Coulter&#44; USA&#41; was applied&#46; For ELISA assay&#44; microplate reader &#40;Biotek ELx808&#44; USA&#41; was used&#46; For gold-immunochromatographic assay&#44; Colloidal Gold Immunoassay Analyzer was used &#40;HY Triage&#44; Taizhou&#44; China&#41;&#46; The coefficient of variations for all kits were less than 15&#37;&#46; All operations were carried out in accordance with manufacturers&#8217; instructions&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Statistical analyses</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All descriptive data were shown as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation&#46; Statistical analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 19&#46; The data were analyzed by an ANOVA&#46; We used the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test for independent samples to assess the differences between two groups&#46; Pearson&#39;s correlation was used to calculate correlations between TAFI and plasma cytokine levels&#46; Multivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify the independent risk factors associated with ACS&#46; The receiver operating characteristic &#40;ROC&#41; analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of TAFI for ACS and determine the best cut-off value of TAFI&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> values &#60;0&#46;05 were considered statistically significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Basic clinical characteristics of patients</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study population consisted of 211 ACS patients and 211 controls&#46; Basic clinical characters of patients and controls were showed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Patients with ACS were subdivided into STEMI&#44; NSTEMI and UA&#46; There was no significant difference in age&#44; gender&#44; history of hypertension&#44; diabetes or tobacco use between ACS patients and healthy controls&#46; Further analysis of the clinical classification of ACS patients showed no remarkable difference in lipid&#44; lipoprotein fractions and fasting glucose among patients with STEMI&#44; NSTEMI&#44; UA and healthy controls&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Plasma level of TAFI decreased&#44; while pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase reactive protein level increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As an initial attempt to explore whether TAFI could be used as a possible risk factor to ACS&#44; we detected the variety of TAFI and inflammation status in ACS patients&#46; The results were shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46; TAFI level in ACS patients was significantly lower than in controls&#46; Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6 and TNF-&#945; were significantly increased when compared with that in controls&#46; PCT and CRP levels in ACS patients were also notably higher than in controls&#46; Collectively&#44; these data suggest that the serum level of TAFI changes in opposite direction against pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in ACS patients&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Serum TAFI level showed strong negative correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein levels in ACS patients</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To explore the relationship of TAFI and inflammatory parameters in ACS&#44; we evaluated the correlation between serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in patients with ACS&#46; A significant negative correlation was found between TAFI and IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP in acute coronary patients &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; This discovery strongly implies a negative relationship exists between TAFI and inflammation parameters&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Serum TAFI level negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein levels in healthy controls</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As a strong negative correlation existed between TAFI and inflammatory parameters in ACS patients&#44; we further analyzed the relationship of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in healthy controls&#46; Just as expected&#44; we found that TAFI level in healthy controls was also negatively correlated with the serum levels of IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP&#46; Combined with the correlation analysis results in ACS patients&#44; we speculated that maybe there exists an intrinsic regulation among serum TAFI concentration and IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP levels &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Serum TAFI level for ACS risk assessment</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To further investigate the association between serum TAFI and ACS&#44; multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; Only those parameters that were significantly differentiated between ACS and controls were considered as impacting factors&#46; The results showed that after adjusting for IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP&#44; decreased TAFI was still significantly associated with an increased risk of ACS &#40;OR&#44; 9&#46;459&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 2&#46;306&#8211;38&#46;793&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002&#41;&#46; Additionally&#44; increased IL-1&#946; &#40;OR&#44; 67&#46;918&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 4&#46;072&#8211;1132&#46;738&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&#41;&#44; TNF-&#945; &#40;OR&#44; 46&#46;437&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 5&#46;835&#8211;369&#46;532&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; and CRP &#40;OR&#44; 5&#46;038&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 2&#46;629&#8211;9&#46;657&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; were also risk factors of ACS&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Specificity and sensitivity of serum TAFI on predicting ACS</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since TAFI is the center among the parameters in this study&#44; we put special emphasis on analyzing its role in ACS risk assessment&#46; In order to calculate cut-off point of TAFI&#44; ROC analysis was performed&#46; The ROC curve analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41; showed that the area under the curve of TAFI for predicting ACS was 0&#46;872 &#40;95&#37; CI&#44; 0&#46;787&#8211;0&#46;909&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; The optimum cut-off point of TAFI was under 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;mL&#44; with sensitivity of 75&#46;83&#37; and specificity of 72&#46;57&#37;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Discussion</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In present study&#44; we demonstrated that plasma TAFI level decreases&#44; while the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins increase in patients with ACS&#46; There exists a strong negative correlation between TAFI level and IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP concentration&#46; After adjusting for pro-inflammatory cytokines&#44; decreased TAFI is still associated with an increased risk of ACS&#46; To our knowledge&#44; this is the first investigation on the correlation between TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines&#44; and exploring TAFI as a possible independent risk factor to ACS patients&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">TAFI&#44; a carboxypeptidase B &#40;CPB&#41;-like zymogen&#44; activated by thrombin during coagulation&#44; is synthesized by liver and released into circulating plasma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Thrombin cleaves TAFI into activation peptide and catalytic domain&#44; the latter leads to decreased plasmin formation and enhanced stabilization of the clot&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> It seems that the elevated level of TAFI zymogen is associated with coronary heart disease&#46; However&#44; according to the course of TAFI activation&#44; it is more likely that the active form of TAFI instead of TAFI zymogen&#44; is responsible for clot stabilization effect&#46; In fact&#44; the reported serum levels of TAFI were ambiguous in coronary heart disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> The reasons for the difference of TAFI levels among researchers might can be explained as different cardiovascular disease stages<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> or different assays or different antibody reactivity toward different TAFI isoforms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In present study&#44; we found decreased serum TAFI level in ACS patients&#46; Although definite evidence concerning the mechanisms of plasma TAFI decline is not available&#44; it seems rational to partially explain the decrease as huge consumption of TAFI in the acute stage of ACS&#46; This explanation gets support from a recent report&#44; in which the continuously decreased serum TAFI concentration was shown to be closely associated with extensive TAFI activation&#44; more severe initial stroke&#44; and unfavorable stroke evolution in subacute phase and poor long-term stroke outcome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Genotyping analysis of TAFI promoter and 3&#8242;-untranslated regions showed polymorphisms&#44; which might contribute to decreased serum TAFI level&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The 2 main polymorphisms that closely associated with TAFI concentration are 1542C and Thr147 in the 3&#8242;-untranslated region&#46; The carriers of these two alleles had higher serum TAFI levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> The GG genotype of the C<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1542G polymorphism&#44; the TT &#40;Ile&#47;Ile&#41; genotype of the Thr325Ile polymorphism and the GG &#40;Ala&#47;Ala&#41; genotype of the Ala147Thr polymorphism are associated with lower TAFI Ag and TAFI activity levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> We do not conduct TAFI polymorphism detection in present research&#44; thus it is difficult for us to rule out the genetic impact on TAFI level&#46; However&#44; there is no report concerning significant difference of genotype distribution between case and control&#46; Maybe it is justified to assume the influence of genetic factor on plasma TAFI level between case and control is ignorable in present research&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A recent research showed that TAFI expression can also be regulated by inflammatory mediators&#46; Cultured HepG2 cells treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines of IL-6&#44; TNF&#945; and IL-1&#946;&#44; reduce TAFI production by half&#46; In contrast&#44; when treated with anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10&#44; HepG2 cells double TAFI expression&#46; The mechanism for this modulation concerns binding of tristetraprolin to TAFI 3&#8242;-UTR&#44; mediating TAFI mRNA destabilization&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> In present study&#44; we found the increase of IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6 and TNF-&#945; in ACS patients&#46; Maybe it is rational to partially attribute the decrease of plasma TAFI concentration to the inhibition effect of high level pro-inflammatory cytokines on TAFI expression in ACS patients&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Activated TAFI has a broad range of anti-inflammatory activities&#46; It inactivates the activated inflammatory mediators&#44; including complement elements of C5a and C3a&#44; osteopontin and bradykinin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Inflammation in vascular wall is crucial to the development of atherosclerosis&#44; and is responsible for several adverse vascular events&#44; such as coronary artery disease and stroke&#46; The expression of endothelial pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules greatly accelerates atherosclerotic lesion formation in animal atherosclerosis model&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Cytokines&#44; such as IL-1&#946; and TNF-a&#44; act as mediators of innate and adaptive immunity in the formation and progression of atherosclerosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In the progression of atherosclerosis plaque&#44; macrophage cells accumulate in arterial intima and adventitia&#44; releasing vasoactive factors and inflammatory cytokines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Thus it can be inferred that decreased plasma TAFI weakens its inhibition effect on vascular wall inflammation in ACS patients&#46; The negative correlation between serum TAFI and IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP levels strongly suggests the existence of an intrinsic regulation network&#46; However&#44; the precise mechanisms for this regulation are still unclear&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main limitation for present study is the absence of follow-up&#46; This limitation weakens the predictive capacity of TAFI in relation to cardiovascular risk&#46; The second limitation is that this observation is based on a small number of patients and controls&#44; so it is difficult to completely avoid the impact of individual difference of TAFI level between case and control&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary&#44; this study found that plasma level of TAFI decreases&#44; while the serum levels of IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP increase in acute stage ACS patients&#46; TAFI concentration is negatively correlated with IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP&#46; TAFI might be a prospective biomarker for the risk assessment of acute coronary syndrome&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Note&#58;</span> The first and corresponding author Hongbo Pang is now working in College of Chemistry and Life Science&#44; Shenyang Normal University &#40;No&#46; 253 Huanghebei Street&#44; Huanggu District&#44; Shenyang City&#44; China&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Ethical disclosures</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All subjects in this study were given informed consents according to a protocol approved by the local ethics committee&#46; The contents of the consent included the aim of this research&#44; the obligation and right of participants&#44; the procedure of this research&#44; and risk factors of this research&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Authors contribution</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hongbo Pang designed the study and wrote manuscript&#46; Chuanhai Zhang performed collection of subjects and clinical work&#46; Feng Liu performed the assay of all index&#46; Xiaoli Gong conducted determination of TAFI and data analysis&#46; Xuehua Jin conducted determination of cytokines&#46; Chunyang Su performed cytokine assays&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A study was made of the changes in the serum levels of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor &#40;TAFI&#41;&#44; proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in the acute stage of acute coronary syndrome &#40;ACS&#41;&#44; in order to explore the possibility of using TAFI as a biomarker for ACS risk assessment&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 211 patients with ACS were enrolled&#44; and healthy subjects were used as controls&#46; Blood samples were taken within 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after admission&#46; Serum TAFI levels were determined by immunoturbidimetry&#46; Serum levels of interleukin-1&#946; &#40;IL-1&#946;&#41;&#44; interleukin-6 &#40;IL-6&#41; and tumor necrosis factor-alpha &#40;TNF-&#945;&#41; were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay &#40;ELISA&#41;&#46; Procalcitonin &#40;PCT&#41; and C-reactive protein &#40;CRP&#41; levels were measured by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gold-immunochromatographic assay</span>&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Serum TAFI levels in ACS patients were significantly decreased versus the controls&#46; The IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP levels were markedly higher in the ACS patients than in the controls&#46; Correlation analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between TAFI concentration and the IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#1072;&#44; PCT and CRP levels in ACS patients and in controls&#46; Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested decreased serum TAFI to be an independent risk factor for ACS &#40;OR 9&#46;459&#59; 95&#37; CI 2&#46;306&#8211;38&#46;793&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002&#41;&#46; The area under the receiver operating characteristic &#40;ROC&#41; curve for TAFI was 0&#46;872 &#40;95&#37; CI 0&#46;787&#8211;0&#46;909&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; The optimum TAFI cutoff point for the prediction of ACS was 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;ml&#44; with a sensitivity of 75&#46;83&#37; and a specificity of 72&#46;57&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">These findings suggest that TAFI can be useful as a potential biomarker for ACS risk assessment&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Esta investigaci&#243;n se ha dise&#241;ado para analizar el cambio en las concentraciones s&#233;ricas del inhibidor de la fibrin&#243;lisis activado por trombina &#40;TAFI&#41;&#44; las citocinas proinflamatorias y las prote&#237;nas de la fase aguda en pacientes con s&#237;ndrome coronario agudo &#40;SCA&#41; con el fin de explorar la posibilidad de utilizar TAFI como biomarcador para evaluar el riesgo de SCA&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; un total de 211 pacientes diagnosticados de SCA y se seleccion&#243; a voluntarios sanos como controles&#46; Se extrajeron muestras de sangre de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h despu&#233;s de la admisi&#243;n&#46; La concentraci&#243;n s&#233;rica de TAFI se determin&#243; mediante inmunoturbidimetr&#237;a&#46; Las concentraciones s&#233;ricas de interleucina &#40;IL&#41;-1&#946;&#44; IL-6 y factor alfa de necrosis tumoral se determinaron mediante ensayo de inmunoabsorci&#243;n enzim&#225;tica&#46; Las concentraciones de procalcitonina y de prote&#237;na C reactiva se evaluaron mediante ensayo inmunocromatogr&#225;fico&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La concentraci&#243;n s&#233;rica de TAFI en los pacientes con SCA fue significativamente menor que en el grupo control&#46; Las concentraciones de IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; factor alfa de necrosis tumoral&#44; procalcitonina y prote&#237;na C reactiva fueron notablemente mayores en los pacientes con SCA que en el grupo control&#46; Un an&#225;lisis de correlaci&#243;n mostr&#243; que exist&#237;a una s&#243;lida correlaci&#243;n negativa entre la concentraci&#243;n de TAFI y las concentraciones de IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; factor alfa de necrosis tumoral&#44; procalcitonina y prote&#237;na C reactiva&#44; tanto en los pacientes con SCA como en los del grupo control&#46; El an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica multivariante evidenci&#243; que la disminuci&#243;n de la concentraci&#243;n s&#233;rica de TAFI constitu&#237;a un factor de riesgo independiente de SCA &#40;OR 9&#44;459&#59; IC 95&#37; 2&#44;306-38&#44;793&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;002&#41;&#46; El &#225;rea bajo la curva de eficacia diagn&#243;stica &#40;curva ROC&#41; del TAFI fue de 0&#44;872 &#40;IC 95&#37; 0&#44;787-0&#44;909&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; El punto de corte &#243;ptimo del TAFI para la predicci&#243;n del SCA fue de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;ml&#44; con una sensibilidad del 75&#44;83&#37; y una especificidad del 72&#44;57&#37;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estos hallazgos evidencian que el TAFI constituye un posible biomarcador del riesgo de SCA&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
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        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in patients with acute coronary syndrome&#46; A significant negative correlation existed in acute coronary syndrome patients between the serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in healthy controls&#46; The serum concentration of TAFI had a strong negative correlation with the serum levels of IL-1&#946;&#44; IL-6&#44; TNF-&#945;&#44; PCT and CRP&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
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            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Schematic of the ROC curve for ACS prediction by TAFI&#46; The area under the ROC curve of TAFI for predicting ACS was 0&#46;872 with sensitivity of 75&#46;83&#37; and specificity of 72&#46;57&#37;&#46;</p>"
        ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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            "identificador" => "at1"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#46; Data in STEMI&#44; NSTEMI and UA are compared with controls respectively&#46; TC&#44; total cholesterol&#59; TG&#44; total triglycerides&#59; LDL-C&#44; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol&#59; HDL-C&#44; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol&#59; GLU&#44; fasting glucose&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">STEMI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NSTEMI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">UA &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>211&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">61&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sex &#40;male&#47;female&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">78&#47;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&#47;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&#47;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">120&#47;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hypertension&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69 &#40;53&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;56&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;53&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">112 &#40;53&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">35 &#40;26&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;21&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;20&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45 &#40;21&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tobacco&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37 &#40;28&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;26&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;27&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">51 &#40;24&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TC &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;91<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TG &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LDL-C &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;49<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HDL-C &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">GLU &#40;mmol&#47;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#46;17<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical characteristics of patients&#46;</p>"
        ]
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">STEMI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NSTEMI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">UA &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>211&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAFI &#40;&#956;g&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;64 <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0026&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&#46;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;63<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;42<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0012&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IL-1&#946; &#40;pg&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;94<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0031&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;73<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0034&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;53<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0036&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IL-6 &#40;pg&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">104&#46;72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;75<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&#46;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;34<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0034&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">101&#46;43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#46;43<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82&#46;14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TNF-&#945; &#40;pg&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;76<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;28<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;13<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;24<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PCT &#40;ng&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;78<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;15 <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;14<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;16<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;44<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CRP &#40;&#956;g&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;98<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;21<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;87<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;93<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "&#42;&#42;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#46; Plasma levels of TAFI&#44; pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in ACS patients compared with that in controls&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">ACS&#44; acute coronary syndrome&#59; TAFI&#44; thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor&#59; IL-1&#946;&#44; interleukin-1&#946;&#59; IL-6&#44; interleukn-6&#59; TNF-&#945;&#44; tumor necrosis factor-&#945;&#59; PCT&#44; procalcitonin&#59; CRP&#44; C-reactive protein&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Plasma levels of TAFI&#44; pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in ACS patients and controls&#46;</p>"
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