Letter to the Editor
Artificial intelligence in scientific publishing: Embracing change and addressing ethical considerations
Inteligencia artificial en las publicaciones científicas: abrazar el cambio y abordar sus consideraciones éticas
Marcos Valiente Fernández
, Isaías Martín Badía, Amanda Lesmes González de Aledo, Francisco de Paula Delgado Moya
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Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Lesmes González de Aledo, Francisco de Paula Delgado Moya" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Marcos" "apellidos" => "Valiente Fernández" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "mvalientefernandez@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Isaías" "apellidos" => "Martín Badía" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Amanda" "apellidos" => "Lesmes González de Aledo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco de Paula" "apellidos" => "Delgado Moya" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Inteligencia artificial en las publicaciones científicas: abrazar el cambio y abordar sus consideraciones éticas" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a recent publication,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> the authors introduced the concept of “Artificial Intelligence-Directed Scientific Production” (AIDSP), raising concerns about potential ethical conflicts in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for scientific publications, particularly in terms of permission and regulation. We would like to present our perspective on these questions.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Scientific publications and AI: In our opinion, AI should be allowed in scientific publications. At its core, AI is a predictive tool that enhances productivity through its predictive capabilities. These capabilities enable the efficient completion of numerous tasks, thereby contributing to increased productivity. By performing these predictive tasks, AI serves as a facilitator of scientific reflection, which is inherently generative. The value of AI lies in streamlining tedious tasks that add little value to the final scientific product, while the value of science resides in interpreting results, not merely obtaining them.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The merit of scientific publications should not be based on the use of established theoretical frameworks, format, or grammatical quality, but rather on generating new theoretical frameworks or adapting existing ones. We would like to emphasize that AI is not inherently generative; its primary function is to be predictive and exploratory.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The question should not be “AI or no AI?” but rather “How do we adapt to AI?” or “What are the best ways to optimize our work based on AI?”. Not adopting AI would put us at a competitive disadvantage compared to those who do. From our perspective, this would be analogous to opposing the printing press or calculators for facilitating mathematical calculations.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regulatory framework and AI: In our opinion, creating a regulatory framework for AI beyond simply providing information about the AI used is challenging for the two following reasons:</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Complexity: The inherent complexity of AI requires deep knowledge in various fields such as theoretical, practical, and business aspects of AI, as well as extensive reflection in the philosophy of science and law. It is unlikely that individuals with comprehensive knowledge in such diverse fields exist, and a lack of broad debate may result in bias.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Technological scope: Unlike scientific production, many algorithmic developments and applications emerge outside the academic realm in a decentralized manner, often with open-source code. Major technology companies tend to index their scientific research within their research agendas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> Nothing would prevent Microsoft from using open databases (e.g., MIMIC-IV,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> SICDB<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>), developing algorithms based on them, and publishing the results on their website.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These factors make specific regulatory frameworks quickly obsolete or render general regulatory frameworks incapable of capturing the nuances of this rapidly evolving field.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, we should focus on how to work with and report on AI to better understand its limitations. Embracing AI in scientific publishing requires addressing ethical considerations while acknowledging the need for appropriate regulatory frameworks.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Translation performed using the GPT-4 language model (demonstrated in supplementary material).</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Financing</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that none have conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Financing" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following is Supplementary data to this article:<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Supplementary data" "identificador" => "sec0020" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.docx" "ficheroTamanyo" => 1812407 ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Artificial intelligence, will it change the way articles are written in intensive medicine?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "E. Marcano-Millán" 1 => "F. Gordo" 2 => "F. Martín González" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.medine.2023.04.002" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Intensiva (Engl Ed)." "fecha" => "2023" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "<a target="_blank" href="https://research.microsoft.com/research">https://research.microsoft.com/research</a>." ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "<a target="_blank" href="https://openai.com/research">https://openai.com/research</a>." ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Johnson A, Bulgarelli PL, Pollard T, Horng S, Celi LA, Mark R. MIMIC-IV (version 1.0). 2021. PhysioNet 2021." ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The Salzburg Intensive Care database (SICdb): an openly available critical care dataset" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "N. Rodemund" 1 => "B. Wernly" 2 => "C. Jung" 3 => "C. Cozowicz" 4 => "A. Koköfer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00134-023-07046-3" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Intensive Care Med." "fecha" => "2023" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/02105691/0000004700000008/v1_202308021407/S0210569123001262/v1_202308021407/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "57221" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cartas al Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02105691/0000004700000008/v1_202308021407/S0210569123001262/v1_202308021407/en/main.pdf?idApp=WMIE&text.app=https://medintensiva.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210569123001262?idApp=WMIE" ]
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