Información de la revista
Vol. 35. Núm. 4.
Páginas 208-216 (enero 2010)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 35. Núm. 4.
Páginas 208-216 (enero 2010)
Acceso a texto completo
First influenza season after the 2009 pandemic influenza: report of the first 300 ICU admissions in Spain
Primera epidemia de gripe estacional después de la pandemia por gripe A en 2009: descripción de los primeros 300 ingresos en UCI espa¿nolas
Visitas
1235
A. Rodrígueza,
Autor para correspondencia
ahr1161@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, I. Martin-Loechesa, J. Bonastreb, P. Olaecheac, F. Álvarez-Lermad, R. Zaragozae, J. Guerrerof, J. Blancog, F. Gordoh, F. Pozoi, J. Lorentej, J. Carratalák, M. Corderol, J. Rellom, A. Estebani, C. Leónn, SEMICYUC-CIBERES-REIPI working group *
a Hospital Joan XXIII, Critical Care Department, IISPV, URV, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Tarragona, Spain
b Hospital La Fe, Critical Care Department, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Valencia, Spain
c Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo, Critical Care Department, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Vizcaya, Spain
d Hospital del Mar, Critical Care Department, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
e Hospital Dr. Peset, Critical Care Department, Valencia, Spain
f Hospital Gregorio Mara¿nón, Critical Care Department, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
g Hospital Rio Hortega, Critical Care Department, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Valladolid, Spain
h Hospital del Henares, Critical Care Department, Madrid, Spain
i Pulmonology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
j Hospital de Getafe, Critical Care Department, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madird, Spain
k Hospital de Bellvitge, Infectious Disease Department, REIPI, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
l Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Infectious Disease Department, REIPI, Sevilla, Spain
m Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Critical Care Department, IRVH, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
n Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
Ver más
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Abstract
Introduction

During the 2009 influenza pandemic, several reports were published, nevertheless, data on the clinical profiles of critically ill patients with the new virus infection during this second outbreak are still lacking.

Material methods

Prospective, observational, multi-center study conducted in 148 Spanish intensive care units (ICU) during epidemiological weeks 50–52 of 2010 and weeks 1–4 of 2011.

Results

Three hundred patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed An/H1N1 infection were analyzed. The median age was 49 years [IQR=38–58] and 62% were male. The mean APACHE II score was 16.9±7.5 and the mean SOFA score was 6.3±3.5 on admission. Comorbidities were present in 76% (n=228) of cases and 111 (37.4%) patients were reportedly obese and 59 (20%) were COPD. The main presentation was viral pneumonia with severe hypoxemia in 65.7% (n=197) of the patients whereas co-infection was identified in 54 (18%) patients. All patients received antiviral treatment and initiated empirically in 194 patients (65.3%), however only 53 patients (17.6%) received early antiviral treatment. Vaccination was only administered in 22 (7.3%) patients. Sixty-seven of 200 patients with ICU discharge died. Haematological disease, severity of illness, infiltrates in chest X-ray and need for mechanical ventilation were variables independently associated with ICU mortality.

Conclusions

In patients admitted to the ICU in the post-pandemic seasonal influenza outbreak vaccination was poorly implemented and appear to have higher frequency of severe comorbidities, severity of illness, incidence of primary viral pneumonia and increased mortality when compared with those observed in the 2009 pandemic outbreak.

Keywords:
An/H1N1 influenza
Critically ill patients
Prognostic
Resumen
Introducción

Durante la pandemia de gripe A, se publicaron diferentes comunicaciones. No obstante, el perfil clínico de los pacientes críticos afectados por este virus durante este segundo brote epidémico es poco conocido.

Material y métodos

Estudio prospectivo, observacional y multicéntrico realizado en 148 UCI espa¿nolas entre las semanas epidemiológicas 50 de 2010 y 4 de 2011.

Resultados

Se incluyó a los primeros 300 pacientes ingresados en UCI con infección confirmada por An/H1N1. La media de edad fue de 49 [38–58] a¿nos y el 62% eran varones. La media de APACHE II fue 16,9±7,5, con una media de SOFA de 6,3±3,5. El 76% (n=228) de los pacientes presentaron alguna comorbilidad, 111 (37,4%) eran obesos y 59 (20%) presentaban EPOC. La presentación clínica más habitual fue la neumonía viral con hipoxemia severa (65,7%; n=197), mientras que se observó coinfección en 54 pacientes (18%). Todos recibieron tratamiento antiviral, de forma empírica en 194 (65,3%). Sólo 53 pacientes (17,6%) recibieron tratamiento antiviral precoz; 22 pacientes (7,3%) estaban vacunados. Cumplieron su evolución en UCI 200 pacientes, y fallecieron 67 de ellos. La enfermedad hematológica, la gravedad general, los infiltrados en la radiografía de tórax y la necesidad de ventilación mecánica fueron las variables asociadas de forma independiente con la mortalidad.

Conclusiones

Los pacientes críticos ingresados en UCI durante el brote estacional de gripe pospandémica evidenciaron escaso nivel de vacunación, mayor frecuencia de comorbilidades, un nivel gravedad más elevado, mayor incidencia de neumonía viral primaria y una mortalidad superior en comparación con lo observado durante la pandemia de 2009.

Palabras clave:
Nueva Gripe An/H1N1
Pacientes críticos
Pronóstico
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
References
[1.]
R. Pérez-Padilla, D. De la Rosa-Zamboni, S. Ponce de León, M. Hernández, F. Quiñones-Falconi, E. Bautista, et al.
Pneumonia and respiratory failure from swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) in Mexico.
N Engl J Med, 361 (2009), pp. 680-689
[2.]
A. Rodríguez, L. Socias, J.E. Guerrero, J.C. Figueira, N. González, E. Maraví-Poma, et al.
GETGAG/SEMICYUC (Spanish working Group on severe pandemic influenza A). Pandemic Influenza A in the ICU: Experience in Spain and Latin America.
Med Intensiva, 34 (2010), pp. 87-94
[3.]
N. Nin, L. Soto, J. Hurtado, J.A. Lorente, M. Buroni, F. Arancibia, et al.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus infection with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.
[4.]
A. Rodríguez, T. Lisboa, E. Díaz, J. Rello, C. León.
From safety to prevention: A(H1N1) influenza, a new challenge for intensivits.
Med Intensiva, 33 (2009), pp. 265-266
[5.]
J. Rello, A. Rodríguez, P. Ibañez, L. Socias, J. Cebrian, A. Marques, et al.
Intensive care adult patients with severe respiratory failure caused by Influenza A (H1N1)v in Spain.
Crit Care, 13 (2009), pp. R148
[6.]
A. Kumar, R. Zarychanski, R. Pinto, D.J. Cook, J. Marshall, J. Lacroix, et al.
Critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection in Canada.
JAMA, 302 (2009), pp. 1872-1879
[7.]
The ANZIC Influenza Investigators.
Critical care services and 2009 H1N1 influenza in Australia and New Zealand.
N Engl J Med, 361 (2009), pp. 1925-1934
[8.]
E. Estenssoro, F.G. Ríos, C. Apezteguía, R. Reina, J. Neira, D. Ceraso, et al.
Pandemic 2009 Influenza A(H1N1) in Argentina: A Study of 337 Patients on Mechanical Ventilation.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 182 (2010), pp. 41-48
[9.]
I. Martín-Loeches, A. Rodríguez, J. Bonastre, R. Zaragoza, R. Sierra, A. Marques, et al.
Severe pandemic (H1N1)v influenza A infection. Report on the first death in Spain.
Respirology, (2010),
[10.]
I. Martin-Loeches, A. Sanchez-Corral, E. Díaz, R.M. Granada, R. Zaragoza, C. Villavicencio, et al.
Community-acquired respiratory co-infection (CARC) in critically ill patients infected with pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.
Chest, 139 (2011), pp. 555-562
[11.]
F. Bruneel, L. Hocqueloux, C. Alberti, M. Wolff, S. Chevret, J.P. Bédos, et al.
The clinical spectrum of severe imported falciparum malaria in the intensive care unit: report of 188 cases in adults.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 167 (2003), pp. 684-689
[12.]
Guidelines for the management of adults with hospitalacquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 171 (2005), pp. 388-416
[13.]
E. Díaz, A. Rodríguez, I. Martín-Loeches, L. Lorente, M. Del Mar Martín, J.C. Pozo, et al.
Impact of obesity in patients infected with new influenza A (H1N1)v.
Chest, 139 (2011), pp. 382-386
[14.]
A. Rodríguez, E. Díaz, I. Martín-Loeches, A. Sandiumenge, L. Canadell, J.J. Díaz, et al.
Impact of early oseltamivir treatment on outcome in critically ill patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A.
J Antimicrob Chemother, (2011),
[15.]
I. Martin-Loeches, T. Lisboa, A. Rhodes, R.P. Moreno, E. Silva, C. Sprung, et al.
Use of early corticosteroid therapy on ICU admission in patients affected by severe pandemic (H1N1)v influenza A infection.
Intensive Care Med, 37 (2011), pp. 272-283
[16.]
Hall MW. Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract (bronchitis, influenza, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia). In: Communicable diseases, vol. IX. The Medical Department of the United States Army in the World War; 1928. Washington: The Surgeon General's Office [cited 2008 May 30]. Available from: http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwi/communicablediseases/chapter2.1.htm.
[17.]
J.F. Brundage.
Interactions between influenza and bacterial respiratory pathogens: implications for pandemic preparedness.
Lancet Infect Dis, 6 (2006), pp. 303-312
[18.]
D.M. Morens, A.S. Fauci.
The 1918 influenza pandemic: insights for the 21st century.
J Infect Dis, 195 (2007), pp. 1018-1028
[19.]
J.A. McCullers.
Insights into the interaction between influenza virus and pneumococcus.
Clin Microbiol Rev, 19 (2006), pp. 571-582
[20.]
J.F. Bermejo-Martin, R. Ortiz de Lejarazu, T. Pumarola, J. Rello, R. Almansa, P. Ramirez, et al.
Th1 and Th17 hypercytokinemia as early host response signature in severe pandemic influenza.
Crit Care, 13 (2009), pp. R201
[21.]
E. Maraví-Poma, I. Martin-Loeches, E. Regidor, C. Laplaza, K. Cambra, S. Aldunate, et al.
Severe 2009 H1N1 influenza in pregnant women in Spain.
*

Members are listed in the acknowledgements section.

Copyright © 2011. Elsevier y Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Critica y Unidades Coronarias
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Medicina Intensiva
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?