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Original article
Available online 11 March 2025
Effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation in critical patients with acute respiratory failure and do not intubate order
Efectividad de la ventilación no invasiva en pacientes críticos con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda y orden de no intubar
Andres Carrillo-Alcaraza, Miguel Guiab,c,
Corresponding author
miguelguia7@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Pilar Tornero-Yepeza, Laura López-Gomeza, Nuria Alonso-Fernandeza, Juan Gervasio Martin Lorenzoa, Juan Miguel Sanchez Nietod
a Intensive Care Unit, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Av Marqués de los Vélez, s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain
b Sleep and Non-Invasive Ventilation Unit, Thorax Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, 1649-02, Lisbon, Portugal
c ISAMB, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
d Pulmonology Department, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, Av Marqués de los Vélez, s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Table 2. Hemodynamic, neurological, respiratory and analytical parameters.
Table 3. Ventilatory parameters.
Table 4. Patients’ Evolution and Outcome.
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Additional material (1)
Abstract
Objective

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of do-not-intubate (DNI) orders in patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to acute respiratory failure (ARF) and who were treated with non-invasive ventilation (NIV). The secondary objective was to correlate the presence of a DNI order with the patient’s prognosis.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Setting

Polyvalent ICU.

Patients

All consecutively admitted ICU patients for ARF between January 1st, 1997, and December 31st, 2022, who were treated with NIV.

Main variables of interest

Initial clinical variables, NIV failure rate, complications, in-hospital and one-year mortality.

Results

5972 patients were analyzed, 1275 (21.3%) presenting a DNI order. The mean age was 68.2 ± 14.9; 60.2% were male. The most frequent cause of DNI order was chronic respiratory disease (452 patients; 35.5%). Patients with DNI order were older, had higher Charlson comorbidity index and higher frailty. NIV failure occurred in 536 (42.0%) patients in the DNI order group vs. 1118 (23.8%) in the non-DNI order group (p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with DNI order (57.9% vs 16.4%; p < 0.001). The adjusted OR for inhospital mortality was 2.14 (95% CI 1.98 to 2.31).

Conclusions

DNI orders are common in patients with ARF treated with NIV and they related to worse short and long-term prognosis.

Keywords:
Do not intubate order
Non-invasive ventilation
Acute respiratory failure
Critical care
Patient preferences
Resumen
Objetivo

El objetivo principal del estudio ha sido analizar la prevalencia de la orden de no intubación (ONI) en los pacientes ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) debido a insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) y que fueron tratados con ventilación no invasiva (VNI). El objetivo secundario fue relacionar la presencia de ONI y el pronóstico del paciente.

Diseño

Estudio observacional retrospectivo.

Ámbito

UCI polivalente.

Pacientes

Fueron analizados todos los pacientes ingresados en UCI por IRA, de forma consecutiva, que requirieron VNI entre el 1 de enero de 1997 al 31 Diciembre de 2022.

Variables de interés principales

Variables clínicas iniciales, fracaso de la VNI, complicaciones, mortalidad hospitalaria y al año.

Resultados

Fueron analizados 5972 pacientes, 1275 (21.3%) presentaban ONI. La edad media era de 68.2 ± 14.9 y el 60.2% eran hombres. La causa mas frecuente de ONI fue la enfermedad respiratoria crónica en 452 (35.5%) casos. Los pacientes con ONI eran de mayor edad, mayor índice de comorbilidad de Charlson y mayor fragilidad. El fracaso de la VNI ocurrió en 536 (42,0%) pacientes en el grupo ONI y en 1118 (23,8%) en el grupo sin ONI (p < 0,001). La mortalidad hospitalaria fue mayor en los pacientes con ONI (57,9% versus 16,4%; p < 0,001). La OR ajustada para mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 2,14 (IC 95% 1,98 a 2,31).

Conclusiones

La ONI es frecuente en los pacientes con VNI tratados con VNI y se relaciona con un peor pronóstico a corto y largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
Orden de no intubación
Ventilación no invasiva
Insuficiencia respiratoria aguda
Cuidados críticos
Preferencias del paciente

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