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Available online 18 April 2025
Vasoactive-Inotropic Score in Takotsubo syndrome induced cardiogenic shock
Índice vasoactivo-inotrópico en el shock cardiogénico inducido por síndrome de Takotsubo
Marco Tomasinoa, Sofía Vila-Sanjuána,b, Ravi Vaziranic, Jorge Salamancad, Manuel Martínez-Sellése, Julio Ruiz-Ruizf, Agustín Martíng, Emilia Blanco-Ponceh, Manuel Almendro-Deliai, Miguel Corbí-Pascualj, Aitor Uribarria,b,k,l,
,
, Iván J. Núñez-Gila,m,n,
a Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
b Departament of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
c Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
d Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
e Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV. Universidad Europea, Universidad Complutense. College of Physicians, Madrid, Spain
f Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
g Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), CIBERCV, Salamanca, Spain
h Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, IRB LLeida, Lleida, Spain
i Department of Cardiology, Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
j Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
k CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
l VHIR - Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
m Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
n Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Madrid, Spain
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Table 1. Baseline characteristics, admission vital signs, laboratory data, severity of illness scores and treatment characteristics during hospitalization.
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Table 2. In-hospital course, complications and outcomes.
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Table 3. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis for factors associated with 30-day and 1-year mortality.
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Abstract
Objective

To determine the prognostic value of the Vasoactive-Inotropic Score (VIS) in patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS).

Design

Retrospective cohort analysis.

Setting

Multicenter registry (RETAKO) of patients diagnosed with TTS between 2003 and 2022.

Patients or participants

A total of 1591 patients with TTS, of which 412 (26%) developed CS.

Interventions

Patients were managed according to clinical criteria, with VIS calculated based on the maximum doses of inotropic and vasoactive drugs administered within the first 24 h of CS diagnosis.

Main variables of interest

30-day and 1-year mortality rates, VIS tertile classifications.

Results

Of the patients who developed CS, 208 received inotropic support. Patients in the highest VIS tertile had significantly higher 30-day (HR 8.80, 95% CI 1.96−39.48; p = 0.005) and 1-year (HR 4.55, 95% CI 1.11−18.63; p < 0.035) mortality compared to the lowest tertile. High VIS was also linked to increased complications, including acute kidney injury, major bleeding, and the need for mechanical circulatory support. In-hospital mortality rates were 4% for the low tertile, 14% for the middle tertile, and 47% for the high tertile (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

VIS is associated with worse short- and long-term outcomes in TTS complicated by CS. Further research is needed to explore potential causal pathways, if any, and to optimize therapeutic strategies for these patients.

Keywords:
Cardiogenic shock
Heart failure
TakoTsubo syndrome
Treatment
Resumen
Objetivo

Determinar el valor pronóstico del Índice Vasoactivo-Inotrópico (VIS) en pacientes con síndrome de Takotsubo (TTS) complicado con shock cardiogénico (SC).

Diseño

Análisis de cohorte retrospectivo.

Ámbito

Registro multicéntrico (RETAKO) de pacientes con diagnóstico de TTS entre 2003 y 2022.

Pacientes o participantes

Un total de 1591 pacientes con TTS, de los cuales 412 (26%) desarrollaron SC.

Intervenciones

Los pacientes fueron manejados según criterios clínicos, y el VIS se calculó a partir de las dosis máximas de fármacos inotrópicos y vasoactivos administradas en las primeras 24 horas tras el diagnóstico de SC.

Variables de interés principals

Mortalidad a 30 días y a 1 año, estratificados por terciles de VIS.

Resultados

De los pacientes que desarrollaron SC, 208 recibieron soporte inotrópico. Los pacientes en el tercil más alto de VIS presentaron una mortalidad significativamente mayor a 30 días (HR 8.80, IC 95% 1.96−39.48; p = 0.005) y a 1 año (HR 4.55, IC 95% 1.11−18.63; p < 0.035) en comparación con el tercil más bajo. Un VIS alto también se asoció con un aumento de complicaciones, incluyendo lesión renal aguda, sangrado mayor, y necesidad de soporte circulatorio mecánico. Las tasas de mortalidad hospitalaria fueron de 4% para el tercil bajo, 14% para el medio y 47% para el alto (p < 0.001).

Conclusiones

El VIS se asocia con peores resultados a corto y largo plazo en TTS complicado con SC. Se necesitan más estudios para aclarar la posible causalidad de esta correlación, si esta existe, y optimizar las estrategias terapéuticas para estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Shock cardiogénico
Insuficiencia cardiaca
Síndrome de TakoTsubo
Tratamiento

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