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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A tentative algorithm for management of iron deficiency in critically ill patients&#46;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of iron deficiency can be confirmed by reticulocyte content &#40;&#60;28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#41;&#44; percentage of hypocromic red cells &#40;&#62;5&#37;&#41;&#44; or ferritin index &#62;2&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moderate-to-severe anemia&#58; hemoglobin &#60;11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Low dose &#40;30&#8211;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#41; of newer oral iron formulations&#44; such as sucrosomial iron&#44; could be preferred&#46; Switch to intravenous iron if intolerance to or lack of efficacy of oral iron&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4&#46;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Iron sucrose &#40;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41; or ferric carboxymaltose&#47;iron isomaltoside&#47;low molecular weight iron dextran &#40;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;week&#41;&#46; IVI administration should be discontinued if there is evidence of iron overload&#44; as indicated by serum ferritin &#8805;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL or transferrin saturation &#8805;50&#37;&#46;</p></li></ul></p>"
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While mild anemia does not seem to adversely affect patient&#39;s outcome&#44; severe anemia may result in a 50&#37; increase in the odds ratio of mortality&#44; though RBCTs also result in a dose-dependent increase of mortality risk &#40;up to 4-fold when more than 4 RBCT units are administered&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Even when used with restrictive criteria&#44; patients receiving RBCT have poorer clinical outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Therefore&#44; severe anemia should be avoided&#44; corrected or&#44; at least&#44; ameliorated before oxygen delivery and consumption are impaired&#44; and RBCT needed&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Additionally&#44; non-anemic patients with reduced or absent iron stores may have symptoms such as fatigue or reduced exercise tolerance&#44; as recently reported for patients discharged after prolonged ICU stay&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In congestive heart failure&#44; iron deficiency was also independently associated with compromised physical performance and quality of life&#44; and an increase of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality&#59; in contrast&#44; treatment of iron deficiency with intravenous iron have been shown to improve short- and long-term functional status&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To avoid the development and&#47;or progression of anemia in non-bleeding ICU patients&#44; reduction of blood losses &#40;reduction in diagnostic phlebotomy frequency and volume&#44; use of in-line closed blood conservation devices&#44; cell salvage during surgical procedures&#44; etc&#46;&#41; and pharmacologic stimulation of erythropoiesis should be attempted&#46; The administration of erythropoietin emerged as a promising therapeutic option&#46; However&#44; when a restrictive transfusion protocol was in place&#44; a reduction in RBCT was not consistently demonstrated&#44; except for one randomized trial in which adjuvant intravenous iron was associated with erythropoietin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Failure of erythropoietin treatment in reducing RBCT may have been related to inadequate iron supplementation&#46; Thus&#44; laboratory definitions for absolute and functional iron deficiency&#44; as well as doses and routes of iron supplementation should deserve especial attention&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Accurate diagnosis of iron restricted erythropoiesis is essential before initiating iron supplementation&#46; However&#44; diagnosis of iron deficiency at ICU is difficult as ferritin levels may be elevated as part of the inflammatory response in ICU patients&#46; A ferritin &#60;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;dL indicates insufficient iron stores to support erythropoiesis in the setting of anemia and inflammation &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; C-reactive protein &#62;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#41; which is common among ICU patients&#46; Further markers for absolute iron deficiency are transferrin saturation &#60;20&#37; with ferritin concentrations of 100&#8211;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#44; reticulocyte hemoglobin content &#60;28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#44; hypochromic red cells &#62;5&#37; or ferritin index &#62;2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The ferritin index is the ratio between the serum-soluble transferrin receptor and the logarithm of serum ferritin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Ferritin concentrations &#62;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL with transferrin saturation &#60;20&#37; are indicative of functional iron deficiency&#46; These values and parameters may signal the need for intervention&#44; as parameters of the iron status&#44; but not anemia per se&#44; independently influence transfusion rate&#44; complications and in-hospital mortality<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">High dose oral ferrous sulfate &#40;325<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg thrice daily&#59; approx&#46; 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg elemental iron&#47;day&#41; has been shown to reduce RBCT requirements in critically ill patients with iron deficiency&#44; though there was not a formal transfusion protocol&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Recent evidence from the IRONOUT study in patients with chronic heart failure further supports the ineffectiveness of oral iron in the setting of inflammation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> However&#44; oral sucrosomial iron has an absorption mechanism which is mostly hepcidin-independent&#44; and its administration at low doses &#40;30&#8211;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41; has been shown effective in clinical settings &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; chronic kidney disease&#41; where intravenous iron seemed to be the only treatment option&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> A possible role of sucrosomial iron needs to be tested in ICU patients&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some characteristics of available intravenous iron formulations in Spain are depicted in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; The total iron dose &#40;TID&#41; is calculated according to&#58; TID<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>body weight &#40;kg&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hemoglobin deficiency &#40;target hemoglobin level<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>patient hemoglobin level&#59; g&#47;dL&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>500&#8211;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg &#40;repletion of iron stores&#41;&#46; For the approved indications and at recommended doses&#44; all available &#8220;original&#8221; intravenous iron formulations are essentially equal in terms of safety and efficacy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> However&#44; when administering intravenous iron&#44; more stable formulations with low labile iron content &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; ferric carboxymaltose or iron isomaltoside&#41; could be preferred to avoid oxidative stress&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> though drug acquisition costs are considerably higher&#46; Maximal single dose will depend on the available compound&#44; but we suggested lower single dosing schedules &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Iron status should be checked weekly&#44; and intravenous iron administration discontinued if there is evidence of iron overload&#44; as indicated by serum ferritin &#8805;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL or transferrin saturation &#8805;50&#37;&#46; In patients receiving ferric carboxymaltose&#44; phosphate levels should be periodically monitored for early detection and management of hypophosphatemia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analysis of 6 randomized trials on iron supplementation in adult critical care with 860 patients found no difference in RBCT or hemoglobin&#44; except in two trials &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; These two trials involved the administration of iron isomaltoside IV to non-anemic patients at the end of cardiac surgery or oral iron to critically ill surgical patients with iron deficiency on admission&#46; There was also no difference in secondary outcomes of mortality&#44; in-hospital infection&#44; or length of stay &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; there was considerable heterogeneity between trials in study design&#44; populations&#44; interventions&#44; and outcomes&#44; and administered intravenous iron doses may have been insufficient to meet patents&#8217; needs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; doses were substantially lower than in the REPAIR-IDA trial of intravenous iron to treat iron-deficiency anemia in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease &#40;ferric carboxymaltose 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg vs&#46; iron sucrose 1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&#44; where clinically significant increments on hemoglobin levels were observed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thus&#44; more well-designed trials are required to ascertain which ICU patients are more likely to benefit from these treatments in terms of patient-focused outcomes&#44; as well as to identify the optimal doses and administration schedules&#46; Meanwhile&#44; because of the absence of definitive clinical data&#44; it seems reasonable to limit total intravenous iron dose to 2000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#44; and to avoid its administration in patients with hyperferritinemia &#40;&#62;800<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#41; or in the setting of acute infection&#44; especially in sepsis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Manuel Mu&#241;oz has received industry-supplied funding for consultancies&#44; lectures and&#47;or travel from Pharmacosmos&#44; Vifor Pharma&#44; Zambon&#44; Pharmanutra&#44; Sandoz and Celgene&#44; and is member of the editorial board of Revista Espa&#241;ola de Anestesiolog&#237;a y Reanimaci&#243;n and Blood Transfusion&#46; Susana G&#243;mez-Ramirez has nothing to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A tentative algorithm for management of iron deficiency in critically ill patients&#46;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of iron deficiency can be confirmed by reticulocyte content &#40;&#60;28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#41;&#44; percentage of hypocromic red cells &#40;&#62;5&#37;&#41;&#44; or ferritin index &#62;2&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moderate-to-severe anemia&#58; hemoglobin &#60;11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Low dose &#40;30&#8211;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#41; of newer oral iron formulations&#44; such as sucrosomial iron&#44; could be preferred&#46; Switch to intravenous iron if intolerance to or lack of efficacy of oral iron&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4&#46;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Iron sucrose &#40;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41; or ferric carboxymaltose&#47;iron isomaltoside&#47;low molecular weight iron dextran &#40;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;week&#41;&#46; IVI administration should be discontinued if there is evidence of iron overload&#44; as indicated by serum ferritin &#8805;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL or transferrin saturation &#8805;50&#37;&#46;</p></li></ul></p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Iron<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> sucrose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LMWID<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ferric<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a> carboxymaltose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Iron<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a> isomaltoside&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Brand name</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Venofer<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cosmofer<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Injectafer<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Monofer<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ferinject<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Monoferro<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Molecular weight &#40;kD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#8211;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">165&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Labile iron &#40;&#37; injected dose&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Maximal single dose &#40;mg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">200&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg &#40;max 1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Suggested dosage in ICU patients&#58;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dose &#40;mg&#41;&#47;frequency &#40;days&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&#47;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">500&#47;7<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">500&#47;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">500&#47;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infusion time &#40;min&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Maximal total dose &#40;mg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">200&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Product cost per 1000</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mg &#40;&#8364;&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">112&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">103&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">192&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">192&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Venofer summary of product characteristics&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0005" href="http://www.luitpold.com/documents/22.pdf">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;luitpold&#46;com&#47;documents&#47;22&#46;pdf</a> &#40;accessed 18&#46;02&#46;18&#41;&#46;</p>"
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">LMWID&#44; low molecular weight iron dextran&#59; Cosmofer summary of product characteristics&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0010" href="http://www.cosmofer.com/product/cosmofer-spc/cosmofer-spc.aspx">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;cosmofer&#46;com&#47;product&#47;cosmofer-spc&#47;cosmofer-spc&#46;aspx</a> &#40;accessed 18&#46;02&#46;18&#41;&#46;</p>"
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Ferinject summary of product characteristics&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0015" href="http://www.ferinject.co.uk/smpc/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ferinject&#46;co&#46;uk&#47;smpc&#47;</a> &#40;accessed 18&#46;02&#46;18&#41;&#46;</p>"
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0020"
              "etiqueta" => "d"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Monofer summary of product characteristics&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0020" href="http://www.monofer.com/spc.aspx">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;monofer&#46;com&#47;spc&#46;aspx</a> &#40;accessed 18&#46;02&#46;18&#41;&#46;</p>"
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0025"
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Jahn MR&#44; et al&#46; Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011&#59; 78&#58;480&#8211;91&#46;</p>"
            ]
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              "identificador" => "tblfn0030"
              "etiqueta" => "f"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">Although it is not an approved dosing by European Medicines Agency&#44; Auerbach et al&#46; &#40;Am J Hematol 2011&#59; 86&#58; 860&#41; have not observed any serious adverse events in over 5000 administration of LMWID at doses of 1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg in 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL of normal saline over 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;</p>"
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0035">Quintana M&#44; et al&#46; Blood Transfus 2017&#59; 15&#58;438&#8211;46&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of different intravenous iron formulations available in Spain&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CPB&#44; cardio-pulmonary bypass&#59; EPO&#44; recombinant erythropoietin&#59; FCM&#44; ferric carboxymaltose&#59; FS&#44; ferrous sulphate&#59; Hb&#44; hemoglobin&#59; ICU&#44; Intensive Care Unit&#59; IS&#44; iron sucrose&#59; ISM iron isomaltoside-1000&#59; IVI&#44; intravenous iron&#59; LOS&#44; length of hospital stay&#59; OBS&#44; observational study&#59; RBCT&#44; red blood cell transfusion&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Study reference setting&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline Hb &#40;g&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Iron compound dose &#40;mg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RBCT &#40;&#37; or units&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Infection &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mortality &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hospital stay &#40;days&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Madi-Jebara et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS&#58;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS &#40;437<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">J Cardiothorac Vas Anesth 2004&#59;18&#58;59&#8211;63&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS&#43;EPO&#58; 40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS &#40;402<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>EPO&#40;300 U<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cardiac surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placebo&#58; 40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Karkouti et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS&#58;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS &#40;600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Can J Anaesth 2006&#59; 53&#58;11&#8211;9&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS&#43;EPO&#58; 10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS &#40;600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>EPO &#40;900 U<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cardiac &#38; orthopedic surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placebo&#58; 10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">All with oral iron after discharge&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Garrido-Mart&#237;n et al&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS&#58;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS &#40;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg preop<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg postop&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>oral after discharge&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012&#59; 15&#58;1013&#8211;8&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">105<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>day<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span> preop&#44; postop and after discharge&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cardiac surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Oral iron&#58;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">105<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>day<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span> after discharge&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">51&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placebo&#58; 52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pieracci et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS&#58; 75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg IV thrice weekly up to 2 weeks&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&#46;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">58&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Crit Care Med 2014&#59;42&#58;2048&#8211;57&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Trauma ICU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placebo&#58; 75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Johanson et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ISM&#58;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ISM &#40;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg at CPB end or wound closure&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#46;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vox Sanguinis 2015&#59; 109&#58;257&#8211;66&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cardiac surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placebo&#58;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#46;0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Litton et al&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FCM&#58; 70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FCM 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;infusion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Intensive Care Med 2016&#59; 42&#58;1715&#8211;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Up to 2000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79 units&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Medical and surgical ICU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placebo&#58; 70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">121 units&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1967100.png"
              ]
            ]
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          "notaPie" => array:4 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0040"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Randomization bias Hb levels&#58; in the control group Hb were significantly higher than these observed in the treated groups&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0045"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0045">It was estimated a priori that 20 patients in each group would be sufficient to detect an incremental increase in Hb of 0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL&#46; A total of 3473 patients were screened&#46; Of the 140 eligible patients&#44; 102 refused to participate and 38 were randomized&#44; and primary outcome was available in 31&#46;</p>"
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0050"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0050">In subgroup analysis&#44; also no benefit was observed for those receiving all 6 doses of iron sucrose or placebo&#46; Follow-up 42 days or discharge&#46;</p>"
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0055"
              "etiqueta" => "d"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0055">Hb levels at postop day 5&#46; One month after surgery&#44; significantly more patients were non-anemic in the intravenous iron isomaltoside 1000-treated group compared to the placebo group &#40;38&#46;5&#37; vs&#46; 8&#46;0&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0019&#41;&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>70&#37; surgical patients&#46; Inclusion criteria Hb &#60;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL&#44; ferritin &#60;1200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#44; transferrin saturation &#60;50&#37;&#46; Most patients received a total of 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg FCM&#46; Only 15 patients received 2 doses&#44; and only 2 patients received 3 doses&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of iron administration in ICU patients &#40;6 studies&#44; 660 patients&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
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                  ]
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                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
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                            0 => "A&#46; Pisani"
                            1 => "E&#46; Riccio"
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Point of view
Is there a role for iron supplementation in critically ill patients?
Suplementos de hierro: ¿son útiles en el paciente crítico?
M. Muñoza,
Autor para correspondencia
mmunoz@uma.es

Corresponding author.
, S. Gómez-Ramírezb
a Department of Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
b Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital “Virgen de la Victoria”, Málaga, Spain
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A tentative algorithm for management of iron deficiency in critically ill patients&#46;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of iron deficiency can be confirmed by reticulocyte content &#40;&#60;28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#41;&#44; percentage of hypocromic red cells &#40;&#62;5&#37;&#41;&#44; or ferritin index &#62;2&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moderate-to-severe anemia&#58; hemoglobin &#60;11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Low dose &#40;30&#8211;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#41; of newer oral iron formulations&#44; such as sucrosomial iron&#44; could be preferred&#46; Switch to intravenous iron if intolerance to or lack of efficacy of oral iron&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4&#46;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Iron sucrose &#40;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41; or ferric carboxymaltose&#47;iron isomaltoside&#47;low molecular weight iron dextran &#40;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;week&#41;&#46; IVI administration should be discontinued if there is evidence of iron overload&#44; as indicated by serum ferritin &#8805;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL or transferrin saturation &#8805;50&#37;&#46;</p></li></ul></p>"
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While mild anemia does not seem to adversely affect patient&#39;s outcome&#44; severe anemia may result in a 50&#37; increase in the odds ratio of mortality&#44; though RBCTs also result in a dose-dependent increase of mortality risk &#40;up to 4-fold when more than 4 RBCT units are administered&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Even when used with restrictive criteria&#44; patients receiving RBCT have poorer clinical outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Therefore&#44; severe anemia should be avoided&#44; corrected or&#44; at least&#44; ameliorated before oxygen delivery and consumption are impaired&#44; and RBCT needed&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Additionally&#44; non-anemic patients with reduced or absent iron stores may have symptoms such as fatigue or reduced exercise tolerance&#44; as recently reported for patients discharged after prolonged ICU stay&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In congestive heart failure&#44; iron deficiency was also independently associated with compromised physical performance and quality of life&#44; and an increase of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality&#59; in contrast&#44; treatment of iron deficiency with intravenous iron have been shown to improve short- and long-term functional status&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To avoid the development and&#47;or progression of anemia in non-bleeding ICU patients&#44; reduction of blood losses &#40;reduction in diagnostic phlebotomy frequency and volume&#44; use of in-line closed blood conservation devices&#44; cell salvage during surgical procedures&#44; etc&#46;&#41; and pharmacologic stimulation of erythropoiesis should be attempted&#46; The administration of erythropoietin emerged as a promising therapeutic option&#46; However&#44; when a restrictive transfusion protocol was in place&#44; a reduction in RBCT was not consistently demonstrated&#44; except for one randomized trial in which adjuvant intravenous iron was associated with erythropoietin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Failure of erythropoietin treatment in reducing RBCT may have been related to inadequate iron supplementation&#46; Thus&#44; laboratory definitions for absolute and functional iron deficiency&#44; as well as doses and routes of iron supplementation should deserve especial attention&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Accurate diagnosis of iron restricted erythropoiesis is essential before initiating iron supplementation&#46; However&#44; diagnosis of iron deficiency at ICU is difficult as ferritin levels may be elevated as part of the inflammatory response in ICU patients&#46; A ferritin &#60;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;dL indicates insufficient iron stores to support erythropoiesis in the setting of anemia and inflammation &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; C-reactive protein &#62;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L&#41; which is common among ICU patients&#46; Further markers for absolute iron deficiency are transferrin saturation &#60;20&#37; with ferritin concentrations of 100&#8211;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#44; reticulocyte hemoglobin content &#60;28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#44; hypochromic red cells &#62;5&#37; or ferritin index &#62;2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The ferritin index is the ratio between the serum-soluble transferrin receptor and the logarithm of serum ferritin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Ferritin concentrations &#62;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL with transferrin saturation &#60;20&#37; are indicative of functional iron deficiency&#46; These values and parameters may signal the need for intervention&#44; as parameters of the iron status&#44; but not anemia per se&#44; independently influence transfusion rate&#44; complications and in-hospital mortality<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">High dose oral ferrous sulfate &#40;325<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg thrice daily&#59; approx&#46; 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg elemental iron&#47;day&#41; has been shown to reduce RBCT requirements in critically ill patients with iron deficiency&#44; though there was not a formal transfusion protocol&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Recent evidence from the IRONOUT study in patients with chronic heart failure further supports the ineffectiveness of oral iron in the setting of inflammation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> However&#44; oral sucrosomial iron has an absorption mechanism which is mostly hepcidin-independent&#44; and its administration at low doses &#40;30&#8211;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41; has been shown effective in clinical settings &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; chronic kidney disease&#41; where intravenous iron seemed to be the only treatment option&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> A possible role of sucrosomial iron needs to be tested in ICU patients&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some characteristics of available intravenous iron formulations in Spain are depicted in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; The total iron dose &#40;TID&#41; is calculated according to&#58; TID<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>body weight &#40;kg&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hemoglobin deficiency &#40;target hemoglobin level<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>patient hemoglobin level&#59; g&#47;dL&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>500&#8211;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg &#40;repletion of iron stores&#41;&#46; For the approved indications and at recommended doses&#44; all available &#8220;original&#8221; intravenous iron formulations are essentially equal in terms of safety and efficacy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> However&#44; when administering intravenous iron&#44; more stable formulations with low labile iron content &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; ferric carboxymaltose or iron isomaltoside&#41; could be preferred to avoid oxidative stress&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> though drug acquisition costs are considerably higher&#46; Maximal single dose will depend on the available compound&#44; but we suggested lower single dosing schedules &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Iron status should be checked weekly&#44; and intravenous iron administration discontinued if there is evidence of iron overload&#44; as indicated by serum ferritin &#8805;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL or transferrin saturation &#8805;50&#37;&#46; In patients receiving ferric carboxymaltose&#44; phosphate levels should be periodically monitored for early detection and management of hypophosphatemia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analysis of 6 randomized trials on iron supplementation in adult critical care with 860 patients found no difference in RBCT or hemoglobin&#44; except in two trials &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; These two trials involved the administration of iron isomaltoside IV to non-anemic patients at the end of cardiac surgery or oral iron to critically ill surgical patients with iron deficiency on admission&#46; There was also no difference in secondary outcomes of mortality&#44; in-hospital infection&#44; or length of stay &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; there was considerable heterogeneity between trials in study design&#44; populations&#44; interventions&#44; and outcomes&#44; and administered intravenous iron doses may have been insufficient to meet patents&#8217; needs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; doses were substantially lower than in the REPAIR-IDA trial of intravenous iron to treat iron-deficiency anemia in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease &#40;ferric carboxymaltose 1500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg vs&#46; iron sucrose 1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&#44; where clinically significant increments on hemoglobin levels were observed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thus&#44; more well-designed trials are required to ascertain which ICU patients are more likely to benefit from these treatments in terms of patient-focused outcomes&#44; as well as to identify the optimal doses and administration schedules&#46; Meanwhile&#44; because of the absence of definitive clinical data&#44; it seems reasonable to limit total intravenous iron dose to 2000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#44; and to avoid its administration in patients with hyperferritinemia &#40;&#62;800<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#41; or in the setting of acute infection&#44; especially in sepsis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Manuel Mu&#241;oz has received industry-supplied funding for consultancies&#44; lectures and&#47;or travel from Pharmacosmos&#44; Vifor Pharma&#44; Zambon&#44; Pharmanutra&#44; Sandoz and Celgene&#44; and is member of the editorial board of Revista Espa&#241;ola de Anestesiolog&#237;a y Reanimaci&#243;n and Blood Transfusion&#46; Susana G&#243;mez-Ramirez has nothing to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A tentative algorithm for management of iron deficiency in critically ill patients&#46;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of iron deficiency can be confirmed by reticulocyte content &#40;&#60;28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#41;&#44; percentage of hypocromic red cells &#40;&#62;5&#37;&#41;&#44; or ferritin index &#62;2&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moderate-to-severe anemia&#58; hemoglobin &#60;11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Low dose &#40;30&#8211;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day&#41; of newer oral iron formulations&#44; such as sucrosomial iron&#44; could be preferred&#46; Switch to intravenous iron if intolerance to or lack of efficacy of oral iron&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4&#46;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Iron sucrose &#40;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41; or ferric carboxymaltose&#47;iron isomaltoside&#47;low molecular weight iron dextran &#40;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;week&#41;&#46; IVI administration should be discontinued if there is evidence of iron overload&#44; as indicated by serum ferritin &#8805;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL or transferrin saturation &#8805;50&#37;&#46;</p></li></ul></p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Iron<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> sucrose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LMWID<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ferric<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a> carboxymaltose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Iron<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a> isomaltoside&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Brand name</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Venofer<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cosmofer<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Injectafer<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Monofer<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ferinject<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Monoferro<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Molecular weight &#40;kD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&#8211;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">165&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Labile iron &#40;&#37; injected dose&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Maximal single dose &#40;mg&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">200&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg &#40;max 1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Suggested dosage in ICU patients&#58;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dose &#40;mg&#41;&#47;frequency &#40;days&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&#47;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">500&#47;7<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">500&#47;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">500&#47;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infusion time &#40;min&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Maximal total dose &#40;mg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">200&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Product cost per 1000</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mg &#40;&#8364;&#41;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">112&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">103&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">192&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">192&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Monofer summary of product characteristics&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0020" href="http://www.monofer.com/spc.aspx">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;monofer&#46;com&#47;spc&#46;aspx</a> &#40;accessed 18&#46;02&#46;18&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0025"
              "etiqueta" => "e"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Jahn MR&#44; et al&#46; Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011&#59; 78&#58;480&#8211;91&#46;</p>"
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0030"
              "etiqueta" => "f"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">Although it is not an approved dosing by European Medicines Agency&#44; Auerbach et al&#46; &#40;Am J Hematol 2011&#59; 86&#58; 860&#41; have not observed any serious adverse events in over 5000 administration of LMWID at doses of 1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg in 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL of normal saline over 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;</p>"
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0035"
              "etiqueta" => "g"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0035">Quintana M&#44; et al&#46; Blood Transfus 2017&#59; 15&#58;438&#8211;46&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of different intravenous iron formulations available in Spain&#46;</p>"
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            "identificador" => "at2"
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            "rol" => "short"
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        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CPB&#44; cardio-pulmonary bypass&#59; EPO&#44; recombinant erythropoietin&#59; FCM&#44; ferric carboxymaltose&#59; FS&#44; ferrous sulphate&#59; Hb&#44; hemoglobin&#59; ICU&#44; Intensive Care Unit&#59; IS&#44; iron sucrose&#59; ISM iron isomaltoside-1000&#59; IVI&#44; intravenous iron&#59; LOS&#44; length of hospital stay&#59; OBS&#44; observational study&#59; RBCT&#44; red blood cell transfusion&#46;</p>"
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Study reference setting&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline Hb &#40;g&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Iron compound dose &#40;mg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RBCT &#40;&#37; or units&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Infection &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mortality &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hospital stay &#40;days&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Madi-Jebara et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS&#58;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS &#40;437<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">J Cardiothorac Vas Anesth 2004&#59;18&#58;59&#8211;63&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS&#43;EPO&#58; 40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS &#40;402<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>EPO&#40;300 U<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cardiac surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placebo&#58; 40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Karkouti et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS&#58;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS &#40;600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Can J Anaesth 2006&#59; 53&#58;11&#8211;9&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS&#43;EPO&#58; 10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS &#40;600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>EPO &#40;900 U<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cardiac &#38; orthopedic surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placebo&#58; 10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">All with oral iron after discharge&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Garrido-Mart&#237;n et al&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS&#58;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS &#40;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg preop<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg postop&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>oral after discharge&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012&#59; 15&#58;1013&#8211;8&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">105<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>day<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span> preop&#44; postop and after discharge&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cardiac surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Oral iron&#58;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">105<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>day<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span> after discharge&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">51&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placebo&#58; 52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pieracci et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IS&#58; 75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg IV thrice weekly up to 2 weeks&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&#46;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">58&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Crit Care Med 2014&#59;42&#58;2048&#8211;57&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Trauma ICU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placebo&#58; 75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Johanson et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ISM&#58;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ISM &#40;1000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg at CPB end or wound closure&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#46;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Vox Sanguinis 2015&#59; 109&#58;257&#8211;66&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cardiac surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placebo&#58;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#46;0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Litton et al&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FCM&#58; 70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">FCM 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;infusion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Intensive Care Med 2016&#59; 42&#58;1715&#8211;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Up to 2000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79 units&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Medical and surgical ICU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Placebo&#58; 70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">121 units&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab1967100.png"
              ]
            ]
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          "notaPie" => array:4 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0040"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Randomization bias Hb levels&#58; in the control group Hb were significantly higher than these observed in the treated groups&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0045"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0045">It was estimated a priori that 20 patients in each group would be sufficient to detect an incremental increase in Hb of 0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL&#46; A total of 3473 patients were screened&#46; Of the 140 eligible patients&#44; 102 refused to participate and 38 were randomized&#44; and primary outcome was available in 31&#46;</p>"
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0050"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0050">In subgroup analysis&#44; also no benefit was observed for those receiving all 6 doses of iron sucrose or placebo&#46; Follow-up 42 days or discharge&#46;</p>"
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0055"
              "etiqueta" => "d"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0055">Hb levels at postop day 5&#46; One month after surgery&#44; significantly more patients were non-anemic in the intravenous iron isomaltoside 1000-treated group compared to the placebo group &#40;38&#46;5&#37; vs&#46; 8&#46;0&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0019&#41;&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>70&#37; surgical patients&#46; Inclusion criteria Hb &#60;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL&#44; ferritin &#60;1200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#44; transferrin saturation &#60;50&#37;&#46; Most patients received a total of 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg FCM&#46; Only 15 patients received 2 doses&#44; and only 2 patients received 3 doses&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of iron administration in ICU patients &#40;6 studies&#44; 660 patients&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
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            7 => array:3 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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            8 => array:3 [
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ISSN: 02105691
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