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          "es" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evoluci&#243;n de la presi&#243;n meseta &#40;gr&#225;fica superior&#41; y de la presi&#243;n de conducci&#243;n <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;driving pressure&#41;</span> en los enfermos con criterios de s&#237;ndrome de distr&#233;s respiratorio agudo &#40;SDRA&#41; y sin criterios de SDRA durante los 4 periodos de estudio&#46; La gr&#225;fica de cajas expresa la mediana &#40;l&#237;nea central de la caja&#41; con los percentiles 25 y 75 &#40;bordes inferior y superior de la caja&#41;&#44; los rangos y los valores at&#237;picos &#40;puntos&#41; de las variables durante todos los d&#237;as de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En las &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas se han realizado numerosos ensayos cl&#237;nicos en los pacientes ingresados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos &#40;UCI&#41; con el objetivo de prevenir o de reducir la lesi&#243;n pulmonar asociada al ventilador &#8212;uso de ventilaci&#243;n no invasiva<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> &#40;VNI&#41;&#44; ventilaci&#243;n protectora del pulm&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a>&#44; ajuste de la presi&#243;n positiva al final de la espiraci&#243;n &#40;PEEP&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; posici&#243;n dec&#250;bito prono<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#44; uso de bloqueantes neuromusculares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#8212; y de disminuir la duraci&#243;n de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica &#8212;uso adecuado de sedantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a> y la identificaci&#243;n precoz del momento de iniciar la desconexi&#243;n de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#8212;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Algunas de estas intervenciones&#44; que inicialmente se centraron en el tratamiento de pacientes con s&#237;ndrome de distr&#233;s respiratorio agudo &#40;SDRA&#41;&#44; ahora parecen aplicables a todos los pacientes con ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; El posible impacto cl&#237;nico de los resultados de esas investigaciones en un &#225;mbito concreto&#44; como puede ser un pa&#237;s&#44; est&#225; poco descrito&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los objetivos de nuestro an&#225;lisis fueron&#58; 1&#41; describir la evoluci&#243;n de la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica en M&#233;xico&#44; 2&#41; estimar si los cambios observados han seguido la evidencia cient&#237;fica actual y 3&#41; estimar si la mortalidad ha cambiado a lo largo del tiempo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudio de tipo suban&#225;lisis retrospectivo de los pacientes admitidos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos &#40;UCI&#41; de M&#233;xico participantes en 4 estudios prospectivos&#44; observacionales de no intervenci&#243;n e internacionales de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica realizados en 1998<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#44; 2004<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; 2010<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> y 2016&#46; Todos ellos han sido estudios prospectivos y observacionales de los pacientes ingresados durante un mes y que recibieron ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva durante m&#225;s de 12&#160;h o VNI durante m&#225;s de una hora&#46; El seguimiento de los pacientes incluidos fue durante el tiempo de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica hasta un m&#225;ximo de 28 despu&#233;s de la inclusi&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En todos los pacientes se registraron las siguientes variables&#58; edad&#44; sexo&#44; gravedad al ingreso estimada por el SAPS&#160;II&#44; gasometr&#237;a arterial diaria&#44; variables asociadas con el tratamiento &#40;par&#225;metros ventilatorios&#44; sedaci&#243;n&#44; bloqueantes neuromusculares&#41; y complicaciones &#40;SDRA&#44; sepsis&#44; neumon&#237;a asociada con el ventilador&#44; fracaso cardiovascular&#44; fracaso renal&#44; fracaso hep&#225;tico&#44; fracaso hematol&#243;gico&#41;&#44; fecha y estado al alta de la UCI y del hospital&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El protocolo y las definiciones utilizadas se muestran como previamente se ha publicado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; Solo el investigador de cada UCI conoc&#237;a las caracter&#237;sticas del estudio para tratar de no influir en las pr&#225;cticas diarias &#40;listado de investigadores en el anexo&#41;&#46; El estudio fue aprobado por el comit&#233; &#233;tico de cada instituci&#243;n participante y la necesidad de consentimiento informado se aplic&#243; de acuerdo con las regulaciones locales&#46; El estudio se ha ejecutado de acuerdo con las normas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology</span> para estudios observacionales de cohortes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este an&#225;lisis es evaluar si los cambios observados desde el primer estudio en 1998 hasta el &#250;ltimo estudio en 2016 se han ajustado a las siguientes hip&#243;tesis surgidas de los ensayos cl&#237;nicos publicados en las &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas&#58; a&#41; aumento del uso de VNI&#44; tanto en enfermos con enfermedad pulmonar cr&#243;nica como en enfermos con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda hipox&#233;mica&#59; b&#41; aumento en enfermos con SDRA de la aplicaci&#243;n de una estrategia de ventilaci&#243;n protectora definida como vol&#250;menes tidal bajos o ajustados para mantener una presi&#243;n meseta baja y uso de PEEP alta&#59; c&#41; evaluar si la ventilaci&#243;n protectora se aplica tambi&#233;n a enfermos sin criterios de SDRA&#59; d&#41; evaluar cambios en la desconexi&#243;n de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#44; como la frecuencia de uso de presi&#243;n de soporte vs&#46; prueba de respiraci&#243;n espont&#225;nea con tubo en T&#44; tanto en el primer intento de desconexi&#243;n como en la desconexi&#243;n en enfermos con <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">weaning</span> dif&#237;cil-prolongado y e&#41; describir la pr&#225;ctica de la traqueotom&#237;a en la UCI a lo largo del tiempo&#46; Finalmente&#44; se eval&#250;a si algunos de estos cambios han influido en la evoluci&#243;n de la mortalidad&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se describen las variables continuas como media &#40;desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#41; o mediana &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25</span>&#44; P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">75</span>&#41; y las cualitativas como la frecuencia absoluta y relativa de cada uno de los valores de las variables&#46; Se utiliz&#243; el test exacto de Fisher bilateral para las variables dicot&#243;micas cuando el valor esperado de una celda era menor de 5&#46; Se compararon las variables mediante los an&#225;lisis univariados de ANOVA o el test de chi-cuadrado&#44; seg&#250;n lo apropiado&#46; El nivel de significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica fue una p&#160;&#60;&#160;0&#44;05&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para estimar los cambios en la mortalidad en el d&#237;a 28 tras el inicio de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis log&#237;stico multivariado y ajustado por las variables basales&#44; los par&#225;metros ventilatorios y las complicaciones ocurridas durante la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#44; incluy&#233;ndose las variables con nivel de significaci&#243;n menor de 0&#44;05&#46; El riesgo de mortalidad hospitalaria se expres&#243; como <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#40;OR&#41; e intervalo de confianza al 95&#37; &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para el an&#225;lisis de los datos se utiliz&#243; Stata&#47;SE 14&#46;0 para Windows &#40;Stata Corporation College Station&#44; Texas&#44; EE&#46;&#160;UU&#46;&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Resultados</span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Caracter&#237;sticas generales y desenlaces</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; a 959 pacientes &#40;408 pacientes en 1998&#44; 119 pacientes en 2004&#44; 132 pacientes en 2010 y 300 pacientes en 2016&#41; admitidos en 81 UCI &#40;se incluyeron 37&#44; 5&#44; 15 y 42 UCI mexicanas&#44; en 1998&#44; 2004&#44; en 2010 y en 2016&#44; respectivamente&#41; y ninguna de ellas particip&#243; en los 4 estudios&#46; Las caracter&#237;sticas a la inclusi&#243;n y los desenlaces se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los principales cambios en las caracter&#237;sticas de los enfermos desde el primer estudio han sido que se han ido incluyendo enfermos ligeramente m&#225;s j&#243;venes&#44; lo cual es posible que sea el motivo para que la estimaci&#243;n de la gravedad&#44; calculada con el SAPS&#160;II&#44; haya disminuido levemente&#46; Pero lo m&#225;s relevante es el cambio en el motivo de inicio de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#46; As&#237;&#44; mientras que en 1998 los motivos principales fueron enfermos con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda postoperatoria y traumatismo&#44; a lo largo de la evoluci&#243;n se observa como la enfermedad m&#225;s frecuente es la infecciosa &#40;neumon&#237;a y sepsis&#41; y&#44; sobre todo&#44; la enfermedad neurol&#243;gica&#44; que en 2016 supone un tercio de los pacientes incluidos&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Cambios en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Ventilaci&#243;n no invasiva</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0001">tabla 2</a> se muestra la evoluci&#243;n de la aplicaci&#243;n de la VNI&#46; Se observa una baja incidencia en el uso de la VNI&#44; sin grandes cambios a lo largo del tiempo&#46; Excepto en el primer estudio&#44; el fracaso en su aplicaci&#243;n fue muy alto&#44; con una elevada mortalidad de los enfermos que requieren intubaci&#243;n tras un periodo de VNI&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0001"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Volumen tidal y presi&#243;n positiva al final de la espiraci&#243;n</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a> se muestra la evoluci&#243;n del volumen tidal y de la PEEP establecidos en enfermos con criterios de SDRA y sin criterios de SDRA&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En general&#44; se observa una tendencia a ventilar con vol&#250;menes tidal m&#225;s bajos tanto en enfermos con criterios de SDRA &#40;desde 8&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg de peso estimado en 1998 hasta 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg en 2016&#59; p&#160;&#60;&#160;0&#44;001&#41; y en enfermos sin SDRA &#40;desde 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg en 1998 hasta 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg en 2016&#59; p&#160;&#60;&#160;0&#44;001&#41;&#46; En lo que se refiere a la PEEP programada&#44; se observan cambios cl&#237;nicamente menos relevantes &#40;en enfermos con SDRA se aumenta desde una mediana de 8&#160;cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#44; en 1998&#44; hasta 10&#160;cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O en 2016&#44; mientras que en enfermos sin SDRA la mediana se mantiene en niveles similares&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figura 2</a> se muestran los cambios observados en la presi&#243;n meseta y en la presi&#243;n de conducci&#243;n <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;driving pressure&#41;</span> como consecuencia de los ajustes realizados en los vol&#250;menes tidal y en la PEEP&#46; As&#237; mismo&#44; esos cambios han inducido diferencias en el porcentaje de d&#237;as de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica en los que se estableci&#243; una estrategia ventilatoria protectora &#40;definida como volumen tidal menor de 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg o un volumen tidal menor de 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg y una presi&#243;n meseta o presi&#243;n pico menor de 30&#160;cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#41;&#58; 19&#37; en 1998&#44; 44&#37; en 2004&#44; 58&#37; en 2010 y 75&#37; en 2016 &#40;p&#160;&#60;&#160;0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Desconexi&#243;n de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a> se resumen las caracter&#237;sticas de los enfermos que fueron desconectados de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica y extubados de forma programada&#44; los m&#233;todos de desconexi&#243;n y los desenlaces relacionados con la desconexi&#243;n&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se observa una gran variaci&#243;n a lo largo del tiempo en el modo de inicio de la desconexi&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#44; con un incremento significativo de la reducci&#243;n gradual del soporte ventilatorio&#44; b&#225;sicamente presi&#243;n de soporte&#44; en la &#250;ltima cohorte&#46; Tambi&#233;n se observa gran variaci&#243;n en el porcentaje de enfermos que pueden ser extubados en el primer intento&#46; Exceptuando el del 2010&#44; en el resto de los estudios se observa una predilecci&#243;n por la reducci&#243;n gradual del soporte ventilatorio para la desconexi&#243;n de los enfermos con desconexi&#243;n dif&#237;cil-prolongada&#46; Dentro de este grupo&#44; aunque es predominante la presi&#243;n de soporte &#40;del 21&#37; en 1998 al 42&#37; en 2016&#41;&#44; destaca que la modalidad ventilaci&#243;n obligatoria intermitente sincronizada &#40;SIMV&#44; sinchronized intermitent mandatory ventilation&#41;&#44; con o sin presi&#243;n de soporte&#44; se utiliz&#243; en un 38&#37; de los enfermos en 1998 y en un 26&#37; de los enfermos en 2016&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La proporci&#243;n de traqueotom&#237;a a lo largo del tiempo ha sido&#58; 4&#37; en 1998&#44; 12&#37; en 2004&#44; 18&#37; en 2010 y 13&#37; en 2016 &#40;p&#160;&#60;&#160;0&#44;001&#41;&#46; El tiempo hasta traqueotom&#237;a fue&#58; mediana de 11 d&#237;as &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25</span>&#58; 5&#44; P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">75</span>&#58; 20&#41; en 1998&#59; 11&#44;5 d&#237;as &#40;10&#44; 17&#41; en 2004&#44; 15 d&#237;as &#40;8&#44;18&#41; en 2010 y 9 d&#237;as &#40;5&#44; 12&#41; en 2016 &#40;p&#160;&#60;&#160;0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Excluyendo el estudio de 1998&#44; en el que no se registr&#243; el m&#233;todo de traqueotom&#237;a&#44; en el resto la mayor&#237;a fueron quir&#250;rgicas&#58; 71&#37; en 2004&#44; 83&#37; en 2010 y 79&#37; en 2016 &#40;p&#160;&#61;&#160;0&#44;652&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Cambios en la mortalidad</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a> se muestra la evoluci&#243;n de la mortalidad bruta y ajustada al d&#237;a 28 desde el inicio de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#46; Exceptuando el incremento de la mortalidad bruta observada en la cohorte de 2004&#44; en el resto de los estudios se observa un descenso leve hasta el 2016&#46; Tras el ajuste para las variables asociadas a la mortalidad&#44; no se observan cambios significativos en la evoluci&#243;n de la mortalidad desde 2004 hasta 2016&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La pr&#225;ctica de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica en las UCI en M&#233;xico participantes en 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>estudios internacionales de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica realizados entre 1998 y 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11-13</span></a> ha cambiado a lo largo del tiempo&#44; de acuerdo con la evidencia cient&#237;fica existente&#46; El mayor cambio observado es la disminuci&#243;n del volumen tidal programado&#46; Aunque hay una tendencia a una disminuci&#243;n de la mortalidad&#44; no se observan diferencias significativas del primer al &#250;ltimo estudio&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un hallazgo significativo que podr&#237;a justificar&#44; parcialmente&#44; la ausencia de cambios importantes en la mortalidad observada son las diferencias en las caracter&#237;sticas de los enfermos incluidos en los 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>estudios&#44; sobre todo en el motivo de inicio de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#46; Se ha pasado de una preponderancia de enfermos con insuficiencia respiratoria postoperatoria y enfermos con traumatismo observada en 1998 a que&#44; en 2016&#44; uno de cada 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>enfermos incluidos presentara enfermedad neurol&#243;gica&#46; Este aspecto&#44; tanto la poblaci&#243;n incluida en nuestro estudio como la evoluci&#243;n de las enfermedades m&#225;s frecuentes&#44; es comparable a otras series publicadas&#44; incluyendo enfermos de un pa&#237;s concreto<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15-21</span></a> o de varias zonas geogr&#225;ficas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;22&#44;23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Es destacable la baja incidencia de enfermos con exacerbaci&#243;n de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;EPOC&#41;&#46; Aunque en este caso la situaci&#243;n en las unidades mexicanas es similar a lo que ocurre en el &#225;mbito internacional&#46; En el resto de los pa&#237;ses participantes en los estudios internacionales de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11-14</span></a> este tipo de enfermedad se ha reducido desde el 10&#37; hasta el 7&#37; a lo largo de 18 a&#241;os&#46; Este hallazgo parece estar justificado por la baja incidencia de EPOC en M&#233;xico&#44; como se observa en el estudio PLATINO<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; En este estudio&#44; realizado en una poblaci&#243;n general con edad igual o superior a 40 a&#241;os&#44; el porcentaje de pacientes con criterios cl&#237;nicos de EPOC en la ciudad de M&#233;xico fue un 7&#44;8&#37;&#44; casi la mitad de la encontrada en otras 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>capitales sudamericanas incluidas en el estudio&#46; Los factores invocados por los autores para justificar estos hallazgos son la altitud de Ciudad de M&#233;xico &#40;la mayor&#237;a de las UCI participantes en nuestro estudio se ubican en esta ciudad&#41; y los aspectos &#233;tnicos&#44; pero son hip&#243;tesis que requieren un mayor an&#225;lisis&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La investigaci&#243;n sobre ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica de las 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas ha ido modificando la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica habitual<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; pero todav&#237;a hay una gran heterogeneidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uno de los cambios ser&#237;a una mayor utilizaci&#243;n de la VNI como primer intento de soporte ventilatorio&#46; Aunque&#44; por el momento&#44; hay pocos estudios que hayan evaluado esta evoluci&#243;n&#44; en un estudio franc&#233;s se observa un aumento de un 16&#37; en 1997 a un 24&#37; en el 2011<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; En nuestro estudio&#44; partiendo de un uso bajo de VNI&#44; se observa una disminuci&#243;n&#46; Una posible justificaci&#243;n est&#225; en el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">case-mix</span> de nuestra poblaci&#243;n&#58; porcentaje bajo de enfermos con EPOC y con insuficiencia cardiaca&#44; en los que la VNI tiene su principal indicaci&#243;n&#44; y alto porcentaje de pacientes con enfermedad neurol&#243;gica&#44; en los que la VNI no ha demostrado ning&#250;n beneficio&#46; Por otra parte&#44; la mayor&#237;a de los hospitales participantes en el estudio pertenecen al sector p&#250;blico&#44; donde la presi&#243;n asistencial es muy alta y es mucho mayor la demanda de camas en la UCI&#44; lo que conlleva un d&#233;ficit constante de estas camas&#46; Esta dificultad para ingresar a los pacientes en la UCI ha motivado el desarrollo de la VNI en el &#225;rea de urgencias y en algunas salas del hospital&#44; como neumolog&#237;a y medicina interna&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Probablemente&#44; el mayor cambio inducido por la investigaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica es la denominada estrategia de ventilaci&#243;n protectora del pulm&#243;n&#44; consistente en la ventilaci&#243;n con vol&#250;menes tidal bajos &#40;menor de 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg de peso ideal&#41; y PEEP alta con el objetivo de mantener una presi&#243;n meseta menor de 30&#160;cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#46; Esta estrategia&#44; inicialmente indicada para enfermos con SDRA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a>&#44; se ha extendido a la poblaci&#243;n general de enfermos con ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; En general&#44; en los estudios epidemiol&#243;gicos de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica publicados se observa una disminuci&#243;n progresiva del volumen tidal programado&#46; En los estudios realizados en los primeros a&#241;os de este siglo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16&#44;18&#44;22</span></a> el volumen tidal estaba entre 8 y 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#46; En estudios publicados m&#225;s recientemente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;26</span></a>&#44; se ha observado una disminuci&#243;n progresiva hasta vol&#250;menes tidal menores de 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#44; pero mayores de 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg aunque manteniendo una presi&#243;n meseta en los l&#237;mites de seguridad&#46; En nuestro estudio&#44; la evoluci&#243;n ha sido similar tanto en enfermos con criterios de SDRA como en enfermos sin este s&#237;ndrome&#58; ha ido descendiendo el volumen tidal programado hasta llegar a una mediana de 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg en el a&#241;o 2016&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La adherencia menor a las recomendaciones la muestra el nivel de PEEP programada&#44; que se mantiene en todos los estudios analizados en niveles inferiores a 10&#160;cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#46; En nuestra serie&#44; s&#237; que se observa un cambio significativo en los enfermos con SDRA&#44; en los que se ha alcanzado una mediana de 10&#160;cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O en la &#250;ltima cohorte incluida&#46; Estos cambios han permitido que la presi&#243;n de conducci&#243;n <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;driving pressure&#41;</span> haya disminuido hasta niveles que se han asociado con un aumento en la supervivencia de los enfermos con SDRA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Otro aspecto de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica que ha cambiado significativamente en los &#250;ltimos 20 a&#241;os es la desconexi&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Los cambios se pueden resumir en la identificaci&#243;n precoz de los enfermos que pueden ser liberados de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#44; la realizaci&#243;n de una prueba para evaluar la tolerancia a la ventilaci&#243;n espont&#225;nea y&#44; en enfermos con desconexi&#243;n dif&#237;cil o prolongada&#44; la desconexi&#243;n con una prueba diaria de ventilaci&#243;n espont&#225;nea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> o reducci&#243;n gradual de la presi&#243;n de soporte<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; A pesar de que todos estos cambios est&#225;n bien apoyados por la evidencia cient&#237;fica&#44; tambi&#233;n hay una gran variedad en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En una encuesta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> realizada a 1&#46;144 especialistas en medicina intensiva de 6 zonas geogr&#225;ficas diferentes &#40;Canad&#225;&#44; India&#44; Reino Unido&#44; Europa&#44; Australia&#47;Nueva Zelanda y Estados Unidos de Am&#233;rica&#41; se reporta que la identificaci&#243;n diaria de los enfermos que cumplen criterios para iniciar la desconexi&#243;n se realiza entre un 70&#37; y un 96&#37;&#44; la presi&#243;n de soporte es el modo preferido para la primera prueba de respiraci&#243;n espont&#225;nea &#40;entre un 57&#37; y un 72&#37; frente a 9-59&#37; que prefieren el tubo en T&#41; y para la desconexi&#243;n de los enfermos con desconexi&#243;n dif&#237;cil&#47;prolongada &#40;31-72&#37; de los encuestados&#41;&#46; En nuestro estudio&#44; observamos cambios cl&#237;nicamente significativos&#44; algunos de los cuales coinciden con los resultados reportados en esa encuesta&#46; As&#237;&#44; a lo largo del tiempo se observa una preferencia por el uso de la presi&#243;n de soporte tanto para la primera prueba de respiraci&#243;n espont&#225;nea como para la desconexi&#243;n dif&#237;cil&#46; Un dato relevante es la alta utilizaci&#243;n de la SIMV &#40;con o sin presi&#243;n de soporte&#41; para la desconexi&#243;n &#40;26&#37; de los enfermos en 2016 fueron desconectados con este m&#233;todo&#41; a pesar de que los ensayos cl&#237;nicos muestran que este modo es el menos recomendable<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;30</span></a>&#46; En la encuesta previamente referida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> se describe que la SIMV es raramente utilizada como m&#233;todo de desconexi&#243;n&#44; aunque hay regiones &#40;India&#44; Australia&#47;Nueva Zelanda&#41; donde el porcentaje se acerca a lo observado en nuestro estudio&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mortalidad registrada en nuestra serie fue menor de lo observado en estudios epidemiol&#243;gicos similares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;32</span></a>&#44; probablemente por diferencias en las poblaciones incluidas&#46; La ausencia de una disminuci&#243;n significativa de la mortalidad a lo largo del periodo de estudio podr&#237;a justificarse por la mortalidad relativamente baja en el periodo 1998 &#40;15&#37;&#41;&#44; por lo que los cambios en las caracter&#237;sticas basales de la poblaci&#243;n incluida&#44; durante los periodos de los estudios&#44; pudieran contrarrestar el posible beneficio de los cambios observados en la pr&#225;ctica de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#44; como puede ser la estrategia de ventilaci&#243;n protectora&#46; De hecho&#44; a partir del periodo del 2004 hay un descenso no significativo de la mortalidad que se acent&#250;a hasta el 2016 y que podr&#237;a coincidir con el progresivo aumento de la estrategia de ventilaci&#243;n protectora&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro estudio presenta varias limitaciones&#44; que deber&#237;an ser consideradas cuando se interpreten los datos&#46; Por ejemplo&#44; el diferente tama&#241;o muestral incluido en cada cohorte puede generar imprecisi&#243;n en algunas comparaciones y estimaciones&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; las unidades participantes no fueron las mismas en todos los estudios&#44; lo cual implica que podr&#237;a haber un factor asociado a la variabilidad en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica que no ha sido posible estimar&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica en las UCI de M&#233;xico se ha modificado a lo largo de un periodo de 18 a&#241;os&#46; El cambio m&#225;s significativo es la adopci&#243;n de una estrategia ventilatoria basada en vol&#250;menes tidal bajos para mantener una presi&#243;n meseta segura&#46; Estos cambios no se han asociado a cambios significativos en la mortalidad&#44; la cual debe estar asociada&#44; adem&#225;s de a la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#44; a factores no evaluados en nuestro estudio&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Autor&#237;a&#47;colaboradores</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MCM&#44; JE&#44; AVG&#44; UC&#44; MP&#44; IP&#44; JRS y EM fueron los coordinadores del estudio internacional de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica en M&#233;xico durante los diferentes periodos y participaron en la inclusi&#243;n de los participantes y han colaborado en la redacci&#243;n del manuscrito&#46; AM&#44; OP&#44; FFV colaboraron con el dise&#241;o y an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico del estudio y participaron en la redacci&#243;n del manuscrito&#46; MCM&#44; FFV&#44; OP y AE colaboraron en el asesoramiento intelectual del estudio y participaron en su dise&#241;o&#44; la adquisici&#243;n de datos&#44; el an&#225;lisis de la base de datos&#44; as&#237; como en la redacci&#243;n de la versi&#243;n final del manuscrito&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ninguna&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0170">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ninguno que declarar&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los objetivos principales son describir la pr&#225;ctica de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica en un periodo de 18 a&#241;os en M&#233;xico y estimar los cambios en la mortalidad de los pacientes cr&#237;ticos con ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva &#40;VMI&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Suban&#225;lisis retrospectivo de un estudio prospectivo y observacional en 1998&#44; 2004&#44; 2010 y 2016&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">&#193;mbito</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos &#40;UCI&#41; de M&#233;xico&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Participantes</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pacientes adultos que ingresaron consecutivamente en la UCI&#44; durante un mes y que recibieron VMI durante m&#225;s de 12&#160;h o ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica no invasiva durante m&#225;s de una hora&#46; El seguimiento se realiz&#243; hasta 28 d&#237;as despu&#233;s de la inclusi&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Intervenciones</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ninguna&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Variables de inter&#233;s</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; gravedad al ingreso estimada por el SAPS&#160;II&#44; par&#225;metros de la gasometr&#237;a arterial diaria&#44; variables de tratamiento y complicaciones&#44; fecha y estado al alta de la UCI y del hospital&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; a 959 pacientes en 81 UCI&#46; El volumen corriente &#40;VC&#41; ha disminuido significativamente tanto en pacientes con criterios de SDRA &#40;de 8&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg de peso estimado en 1998 a 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg en 2016&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; como en enfermos sin SDRA &#40;de 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg de peso estimado en 1998 a 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg en 2016&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La estrategia ventilatoria protectora &#40;definida como VC &#60; 6 ml&#47;kg o &#60; 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg y una presi&#243;n meseta &#60;30 cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#41; fue&#58; 19&#37; en 1998&#44; 44&#37; en 2004&#44; 58&#37; en 2010 y 75&#37; en 2016 &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La mortalidad ajustada en UCI a lo largo de los 4 periodos fue&#58; en 2004&#44; oportunidad relativa &#40;OR&#41; 1&#44;05 &#40;IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;73-1&#44;72&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;764&#41;&#59; en 2010&#44; OR 1&#44;68 &#40;IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;13-2&#44;48&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;009&#41;&#59; en 2016&#44; OR 0&#44;85 &#40;IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;60-1&#44;20&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;368&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica de la VMI en las UCI de M&#233;xico se ha modificado a lo largo de un periodo de 18 a&#241;os&#46; El cambio m&#225;s significativo es la estrategia ventilatoria basada en VC bajos&#46; Estos cambios no se han asociado a cambios significativos en la mortalidad&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:8 [
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            "titulo" => "Dise&#241;o"
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            "titulo" => "Variables de inter&#233;s"
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            "titulo" => "Resultados"
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      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Objective</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The main study objectives were to describe the practice of mechanical ventilation over an 18-year period in Mexico&#44; and estimate changes in mortality among critical patients subjected to invasive mechanical ventilation &#40;IMV&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Design</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective subanalysis of a prospective observational study conducted in 1998&#44; 2004&#44; 2010 and 2016 was carried out&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Setting</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Intensive Care Units &#40;ICUs&#41; in Mexico&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Participants</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Adult patients consecutively enrolled in the ICU during one month and who underwent IMV for more than 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours or noninvasive mechanical ventilation for more than one hour&#46; Follow-up was performed up to a maximum of 28 days after inclusion&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Interventions</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Principal variables of interest</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Age&#44; sex&#44; severity upon admission as estimated by SAPS II&#44; parameters of daily arterial blood gases&#44; treatment and complication variables&#44; date and status at discharge from the ICU and from hospital&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 959 patients were included in 81 ICUs&#46; Tidal volume &#40;vt&#41; decreased significantly both in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome &#40;ARDS&#41; criteria &#40;estimated 8&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg b&#46;w&#46; in 1998 to 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg in 2016&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;0&#46;001&#41; and in patients without ARDS &#40;estimated 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg b&#46;w&#46; in 1998 to 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg in 2016&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; The ventilatory protective strategy &#40;defined as vt &#60; 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;</span>kg or &#60; 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;</span>kg and a plateau pressure &#60; 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#41; was&#58; 19&#37; in 1998&#44; 44&#37; in 2004&#44; 58&#37; in 2010 and 75&#37; in 2016 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; The adjusted mortality rate in ICU over the 4 periods was&#58; in 2004&#44; odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; 1&#46;05 &#40;95&#37; confidence interval&#44; 95&#37;CI&#58; 0&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">-</span>1&#46;72&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;0&#46;764&#41;&#59; in 2010&#44; OR 1&#46;68 &#40;95&#37;CI&#58; 1&#46;13<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">-</span>2&#46;48&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;0&#46;009&#41;&#59; in 2016&#44; OR 0&#46;85 &#40;95&#37;CI&#58; 0&#46;60<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">-</span>1&#46;20&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;0&#46;368&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The clinical practice of IMV in Mexican ICUs has been modified over a period of 18 years&#46; The most significant change is the ventilatory strategy based on low vt&#46; These changes have not been associated with significant changes in mortality&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Results"
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            "apendice" => "<p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">F&#46; Aguilera Almaz&#225;n &#40;Hospital General Regional n&#176; 1&#44; Chihuahua&#41;&#44; M&#46; Ben&#237;tez Cort&#225;zar &#40;Hospital Universitario de Puebla&#44; Puebla&#41;&#44; R&#46; Carrillo Speare &#40;Hospital PEMEX Sur&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; R&#46; Casta&#241;o &#40;Hospital de Cardiolog&#237;a del CNM&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; R&#46; Corral &#40;Hospital Excel&#44; Tijuana&#44; Baja California&#41;&#44; D&#46; N&#46; D&#769;Ector Lira &#40;Hospital Metropolitano&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; G&#46; D&#237;az Polanco &#40;Hospital de Traumatolog&#237;a&#44; Magdalena de las Salinas&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; J&#46; J&#46; Elizalde &#40;Hospital ABC&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; R&#46; Envila Fisher &#40;Hospital Morelos&#44; Chihuahua&#41;&#44; G&#46; Franco &#40;Hospital General de M&#233;xico&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; P&#46; Garc&#237;a Balbuena &#40;Hospital General Fernando Quiroz&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; O&#46; Gayoso Cruz &#40;Hospital Regional Adolfo P&#233;rez Mateos&#44; M&#233;xico&#41;&#44; L&#46; Green &#40;Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog&#237;a&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; J&#46; O&#46; Herrera Hoyos &#40;Centro M&#233;dico Las Am&#233;ricas&#44; M&#233;rida&#41;&#44; J&#46; Hinojosa &#40;Hospital Angel Lea&#241;o&#44; Guadalajara&#41;&#44; J&#46; Huerta &#40;Cl&#237;nica Londres&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; V&#46; A&#46; Ju&#225;rez &#40;Hospital Santelena&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; M&#46; Loera &#40;Hospital General de Durango&#44; Durango&#41;&#44; C&#46; L&#243;pez Alzate &#40;Cl&#237;nica del Mar&#44; Mazatlan&#41;&#44; E&#46; L&#243;pez Mora &#40;Instituto de Cardiolog&#237;a&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; S&#46; Mart&#237;nez Caro &#40;Hospital Hidalgo Aguascalientes&#44; Aguascalientes&#41;&#44; R&#46; M&#233;ndez Reyes &#40;Hospital Regional 10 de Octubre&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; M&#46; Mendoza &#40;Hospital General de la Villa&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; O&#46; Narv&#225;ez Porras &#40;Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; E&#46; Ortiz &#40;Hospital General Irapuata&#44; Guanajuato&#41;&#44; A&#46; Padua &#40;Hospital General Torre&#243;n&#44; Coahuila&#41;&#44; M&#46; Poblano &#40;Hospital Ju&#225;rez&#46; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; V&#46; Pureco Reyes &#40;Hospital Regional 20 Noviembre&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; W&#46; Querevalum &#40;Hospital Central Cruz Mexicana&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; A&#46; Quesada &#40;Hospital Ntra&#46; Sra&#46; de la Salud&#44; San Luis Potos&#237;&#41;&#44; A&#46; Ram&#237;rez Rivera &#40;Hospital de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares y del T&#243;rax&#44; IMSS&#44; Monterrey&#41;&#44; A&#46; Tamariz &#40;Hospital Cl&#237;nica Centro&#44; Chihuahua&#41;&#44; A&#46; Tamariz &#40;Hospital Central Universitario&#44; Chihuahua&#41;&#44; A&#46; Vargas &#40;Hospital General de Pachuca&#44; Pachuca&#41;&#44; C&#46; V&#225;zquez &#40;Hospital General Celaya&#44; Guanajuato&#41;&#46;</p> <p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Investigadores en el segundo estudio &#40;2004&#41;</p> <p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">J&#46; J&#46; Elizalde &#40;Hospital ABC&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; P&#46; Cerda &#40;Centro M&#233;dico de Las Am&#233;ricas&#44; M&#233;rida&#41; R&#46; Mercado &#40;Hospital Universitario de Monterrey&#44; Monterrey&#41;&#44; J&#46; Albe Casta&#241;&#243;n &#40;Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social HECMNS XXI&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#46;</p> <p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Investigadores en el tercer estudio &#40;2010&#41;</p> <p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A&#46; J&#46; Villag&#243;mez Ortiz &#40;Hospital Regional 1&#46;&#176; de Octubre ISSTE&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; C&#46; Cruz Lozano &#40;Hospital Regional de PEMEX&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; Z&#46; Maycotte Luna &#40;Hospital &#193;ngeles de las Lomas&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; F&#46; L&#243;pez Bacal &#40;Hospital Regional de Zona 1 del IMSS&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; J&#46; J&#46; Elizalde &#40;Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M&#233;dicas y Nutrici&#243;n Salvador Zubir&#225;n&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; G&#46; Cueto Robledo &#40;Hospital General de M&#233;xico&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; M&#46; A&#46; Trevi&#241;o Salinas &#40;Hospital Universitario de Nuevo Le&#243;n Dr&#46; Eleuterio Gonz&#225;lez&#44; Nuevo Le&#243;n&#41;&#44; R&#46; Mart&#237;nez Zubieta &#40;Hospital Espa&#241;ol de M&#233;xico&#44; Miguel Hidalgo&#41;&#44; C&#46; Olvera-Guzm&#225;n y Marco Montes de Oca &#40;Centro M&#233;dico ABC&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; S&#46; A&#46; &#209;amendys-Silva &#40;Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog&#237;a&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; J&#46; S&#46; Mart&#237;nez Cano &#40;Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo&#44; Aguacalientes&#41;&#44; J&#46; A&#46; Baltazar Torres &#40;Umea Hospital de Especialidades&#44; Dr&#46; Antonio Fraga Mouret&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; G&#46; Morales Mu&#241;oz &#40;Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Mujer&#44; Villahermosa&#41;&#44; A&#46; Villa Delgado &#40;Hospital M&#233;rida Yucat&#225;n&#44; M&#233;rida&#41;&#44; J&#46; Ladape Mart&#237;nez &#40;Hospital Ju&#225;rez de M&#233;xico&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#46;</p> <p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Investigadores en el cuarto estudio &#40;2016&#41;</p> <p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A&#46; Ortega P&#233;rez &#40;Centro M&#233;dico Lic&#46; Adolfo L&#243;pez Mateos&#44; Toluca&#41;&#44; A&#46; Ch&#225;vez Morales &#40;Hospital General de M&#233;xico Dr&#46; Eduardo Liceaga&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; A&#46; Garc&#237;a Luna &#40;Hospital &#193;ngeles&#44; Le&#243;n&#41;&#44; A&#46; Rugiero Cabrera &#40;Hospital ABC Santa Fe&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; A&#46; Rugerio Cabrera &#40;Hospital ABC Observatorio&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; &#193;&#46; A&#46; P&#233;rez-Calatayud &#40;Hospital General de M&#233;xico Dr&#46; Eduardo Liceaga&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; A&#46; Arellano &#40;Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad&#44; Ixtapaluca&#41;&#44; A&#46; Velasco Guti&#233;rrez &#40;Hospital La Victoria&#44; Canc&#250;n&#41;&#44; A&#46; J&#46; Longino G&#243;mez&#44; Antonio Tamariz Becerra &#193;lvarez Calder&#243;n &#40;Hospital &#193;ngeles&#44; Chihuahua&#41;&#44; R&#46; &#193;lvarez Calder&#243;n Christus Mugerza &#40;Hospital Betania&#44; Puebla&#41;&#44; C&#46; I&#46; Reynoso Estrella &#40;Hospital Civil de Guadalajara&#44; Guadalajara&#41; D&#46; D&#233;ctor-Lira Espindola-Cruz &#40;Centro M&#233;dico Dalinde&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; D&#46; Guti&#233;rrez-Z&#225;rate &#40;Hospital Espa&#241;ol&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; D&#46; Esmeralda &#40;Hospital Central Universitario&#44; Chihuahua&#41;&#44; E&#46; D&#46; Anica Malag&#243;n &#40;Hospital General de M&#233;xico Dr&#46; Eduardo Liceaga&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; E&#46; Monares Zepeda &#40;Hospital San &#193;ngel Inn&#44; Universidad&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; E&#46; Deloya &#40;Hospital de Alta Especialidad San Juan del Rio&#44; Quer&#233;taro&#41;&#44; E&#46; Manzo Palacios &#40;Hospital Metropolitano&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; F&#46; de Jes&#250;s Montelongo &#40;Hospital General Ecatepec Las Am&#233;ricas&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; F&#46; J&#46; Flores Mej&#237;a&#44; M&#46; Ram&#237;rez Cervantes &#40;Hospital General de Zona n&#46;&#176; 1&#44; IMSS&#44; Tepic Nayarit&#41;&#44; G&#46; Camarena Alejo &#40;Hospital ABC Santa Fe&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; G&#46; V&#225;zquez de Anda &#40;Centro M&#233;dico Nacional Siglo XXI&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; H&#46; V&#225;zquez &#40;Hospital General de Zona n&#46;&#176; 1 del IMSS&#44; La Paz&#41;&#44; C&#46; Larios Luna &#40;Hospital de Especialidades del CMM Manuel &#193;vila Camacho del IMSS&#44; Puebla&#41;&#44; G&#46; Morales Mu&#241;oz &#40;Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Mujer&#44; Villahermosa&#41;&#44; S&#46; E&#46; Zamora &#40;Hospital Ju&#225;rez de M&#233;xico&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; G&#46; Maga&#241;a Solano &#40;Instituto Nacional de Neurolog&#237;a y Neurocirug&#237;a MVS&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; J&#46; I&#46; S&#225;nchez Gonz&#225;lez &#40;Unidad M&#233;dica Alta Especialidad UMAE 34 IMSS&#44; Monterrey&#41;&#44; J&#46; Rosendo S&#225;nchez Medina &#40;Hospital Regional de Ciudad Madero PEMEX&#44; Tamaulipas&#41;&#44; J&#46; J&#46; Zaragoza &#40;Hospital &#193;ngeles Acoxpa&#41;&#44; J&#46; A&#46; Buensuseso Alfaro &#40;Hospital Costamed Playa del Carmen&#44; Quintana Roo&#41;&#44; J&#46; C&#46; D&#225;vila Fern&#225;ndez &#40;Hospital General Zona n&#46;&#176; 1&#44; IMSS&#44; Oaxaca&#41;&#44; J&#46; C&#46; Mijangos-M&#233;ndez &#40;Hospital Civil de Guadalajara&#44; Guadalajara&#41;&#44; M&#46; Mart&#237;nez Medina &#40;Hospital General de Zona n&#46;&#176; 5 IMSS&#44; Nogales&#41;&#44; M&#46; Chac&#243;n G&#243;mez &#40;INR&#44; CENIAQ&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; M&#46; V&#46; Calyeca S&#225;nchez &#40;Centro de Especialidades M&#233;dicas UCI Polivalente&#44; Veracruz&#41;&#44; J&#46; J&#46; Mart&#237;nez Soria &#40;Hospital General Irapuato&#44; Irapuato&#44; Guanajuato&#41;&#44; R&#46; M&#233;ndez Reyes &#40;Hospital Regional 1&#46;&#176; de Octubre ISSSTE&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; R&#46; J&#46; Garc&#237;a Graullera &#40;Hospital Galenia&#44; Canc&#250;n&#41;&#44; R&#46; Rosas &#40;PEMEX&#44; Villahermosa&#41;&#44; S&#46; Sanjuana G&#243;mez Flores &#40;Hospital Rub&#233;n Le&#241;ero&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; S&#46; Reyes Inurrigarro &#40;Hospital General de Cholula&#44; Puebla&#41;&#44; S&#46; Reyes Inurrigarro &#40;UMAE Hospital de Traumatolog&#237;a y Ortopedia&#44; Puebla&#41;&#44; S&#46; A&#46; &#209;amendys-Silva &#40;Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog&#237;a&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; S&#46; A&#46; &#209;amendy-Silva &#40;Fundaci&#243;n Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica Sur&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; L&#46; A&#46; S&#225;nchez Hurtado &#40;Hospital de Especialidades Dr&#46; Antonio Fraga Mouret Centro M&#233;dico Nacional La Raza&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; L&#46; L&#46; Villegas Castellanos &#40;Hospital General Ajusco Medio&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#44; L&#46; Zalatiel Maycotte &#40;Hospital Texcoco&#44; Texcoco&#41;&#44; A&#46; Estrada Guti&#233;rrez &#40;Hospital General de la Mujer SSM&#44; Michocan&#41;&#44; M&#46; A&#46; Le&#243;n &#40;Hospital de Especialidades CMN S&#46; XXI&#44; IMSS&#44; M&#233;xico DF&#41;&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Anexo"
            "titulo" => "Investigadores en el primer estudio &#40;1998&#41;"
            "identificador" => "sec0075"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1998 &#40;N&#160;&#61;&#160;408&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2004 &#40;N&#160;&#61;&#160;119&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2010 &#40;N&#160;&#61;&#160;132&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2016 &#40;N&#160;&#61;&#160;300&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Edad en a&#241;os&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;20&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo&#44; hombre&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">79 &#40;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">198 &#40;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">SAPS&#160;II&#44; puntos&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">43 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">47 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Motivo de inicio de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EPOC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Asma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;365&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EPC no EPOC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;023&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SDRA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;630&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Postoperatorio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">192 &#40;47&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edema agudo de pulm&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;018&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aspiraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;098&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Neumon&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;063&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trauma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">74 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Parada cardiaca&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;1&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;3&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Enfermedad neurocr&#237;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#40;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Enfermedad neuromuscular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;020&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Otras causas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;012&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Desenlaces&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Duraci&#243;n de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#44; d&#237;as&#44; mediana &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25</span>&#44; P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">75</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#44; 4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#44; 9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#44; 9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;3&#44; 8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">D&#237;as de la estancia en UCI&#44; mediana &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25</span>&#44; P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">75</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;3&#44; 6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;4&#44; 11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;5&#44; 14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;4&#44; 11&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">D&#237;as de estancia en hospital&#44; mediana &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25</span>&#44; P<span class="elsevierStyleInf">75</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;8&#44; 20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;7&#44; 19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;10&#44; 30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;8&#44; 30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mortalidad en UCI&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;027&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mortalidad d&#237;a 28&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;019&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mortalidad hospital&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;32&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;30&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85 &#40;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2350949.png"
              ]
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas basales y desenlaces de los pacientes incluidos en los 4 estudios</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0001"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DE&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#59; SAPS II&#58; Simplified Acute Physiology Score&#59; VNI&#58; ventilaci&#243;n no invasiva&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1998 N&#160;&#61;&#160;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2004 N&#160;&#61;&#160;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2010 N&#160;&#61;&#160;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2016 N&#160;&#61;&#160;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Porcentaje de uso de VNI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;045&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; a&#241;os&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57 &#40;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59 &#40;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SAPS II&#44; puntos&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55 &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Motivo para inicio de VNI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Enfermedad pulmonar cr&#243;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#47;28&#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#47;12&#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#47;11&#40;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#47;6 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Insuficiencia respiratoria aguda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#47;357 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#47;70 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#47;91 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#47;188 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fracaso VNI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mortalidad global&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;739&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mortalidad fracaso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#47; 6 &#40;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#47; 3&#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#47; 5 &#40;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#47;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;723&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mortalidad &#233;xito&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#47;28 &#40;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#47;7 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#47;6 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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            0 => array:3 [
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SAPS II&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Simplified Acute Physiology Score</span>&#59; DE&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1998 N&#160;&#61;&#160;255&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2004 N&#160;&#61;&#160;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2010 N&#160;&#61;&#160;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2016 N&#160;&#61;&#160;193&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Porcentaje de enfermos que llegan a la desconexi&#243;n de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad&#44; a&#241;os&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SAPS&#160;II&#44; puntos&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#237;as de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica antes de la desconexi&#243;n&#44; mediana &#40;P</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">25</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44; P</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">75</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;3&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;3&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;3&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#233;todo para el primer intento de desconexi&#243;n&#44; &#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Prueba de respiraci&#243;n espont&#225;nea en &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Reducci&#243;n gradual del soporte respiratorio en &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fracaso en el primer intento&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Prueba de respiraci&#243;n espont&#225;nea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Reducci&#243;n gradual del soporte respiratorio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#237;as de desconexi&#243;n en enfermos con desconexi&#243;n dif&#237;cil-prolongada</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tiempo de ventilaci&#243;n dedicado a la desconexi&#243;n en &#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reintubaci&#243;n en las primeras 48&#160;h tras extubaci&#243;n&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Mortalidad bruta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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