Comparison of the defined daily dose and days of treatment methods for evaluating the consumption of antibiotics and antifungals in the intensive care unit

array:23 ["pii" => "S0210569119301780" "issn" => "02105691" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2019.06.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01" "aid" => "1363" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEMICYUC" "copyrightAnyo" => "2019" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2020;44:294-300" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 22 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 13 "PDF" => 9 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0210569119301226" "issn" => "02105691" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2019.03.012" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01" "aid" => "1341" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEMICYUC" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2020;44:301-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 58 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 25 "PDF" => 33 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Revisión" "titulo" => "Monitorización electroencefalográfica en el paciente crítico: ¿qué información útil puede aportar?" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "301" "paginaFinal" => "309" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Electroencephalographic monitoring in the critically ill patient: What useful information can it contribute?" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figura 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1238 "Ancho" => 2496 "Tamanyo" => 146232 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "Cambios observados en la morfología de las ondas del electroencefalograma a medida que decrece el flujo sanguíneo cerebral (FSC)." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Rubiños, D.A. Godoy" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Rubiños" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D.A." "apellidos" => "Godoy" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S217357271930133X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medine.2019.06.008" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S217357271930133X?idApp=WMIE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210569119301226?idApp=WMIE" "url" => "/02105691/0000004400000005/v1_202005280745/S0210569119301226/v1_202005280745/es/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0210569119300737" "issn" => "02105691" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2019.02.012" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01" "aid" => "1327" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEMICYUC" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2020;44:283-93" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 41 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 2 "HTML" => 17 "PDF" => 22 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Epidemiology and outcome of HIV-infected patients admitted to the ICU in the current highly active antiretroviral therapy era" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "283" "paginaFinal" => "293" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiología y pronóstico de los pacientes con VIH ingresados en la UCI en la era de tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad actual" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "P. Vidal-Cortés, L.A. Álvarez-Rocha, P. Fernández-Ugidos, M.A. Pérez-Veloso, I.M. Suárez-Paul, A. Virgós-Pedreira, S. Pértega-Díaz, Á.C. Castro-Iglesias" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Vidal-Cortés" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L.A." "apellidos" => "Álvarez-Rocha" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Ugidos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.A." "apellidos" => "Pérez-Veloso" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I.M." "apellidos" => "Suárez-Paul" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Virgós-Pedreira" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Pértega-Díaz" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Á.C." "apellidos" => "Castro-Iglesias" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210569119300737?idApp=WMIE" "url" => "/02105691/0000004400000005/v1_202005280745/S0210569119300737/v1_202005280745/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Comparison of the defined daily dose and days of treatment methods for evaluating the consumption of antibiotics and antifungals in the intensive care unit" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "294" "paginaFinal" => "300" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "J. Vallès, S. Fernández, E. Cortés, A. Morón, E. Fondevilla, J.C. Oliva, E. Diaz" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Vallès" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jvalles@tauli.cat" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Fernández" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Cortés" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Morón" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Fondevilla" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.C." "apellidos" => "Oliva" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Diaz" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centre Coordinador del VINCat, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Comparación de la dosis diaria definida y los días de tratamiento para evaluar el consumo de antibióticos y antifúngicos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1270 "Ancho" => 1614 "Tamanyo" => 74662 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Correlation of total median antimicrobial drug use measured by defined daily dose (DDDs) per 100 patient-days and days of therapy (DOTs) per 100 patient-days (p<0.001)." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionThe use of antimicrobials is frequently associated with the appearance of resistant strains of microorganisms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">1,2</a> Therefore, it is important to use antibiotics appropriately to avoid increases in antimicrobial resistance and improve patient outcomes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150">3–6</a> In order to promote rational use, antimicrobial consumption must to be measured and trends in consumption must also be monitored.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">7</a> Hospitals need reliable methods to determine their consumption of antibiotics and to compare it with consumption at other centers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175">8–12</a> Knowledge of the consumption of antibiotics in hospitals and in the ICU is one of the main pillars in the guidelines to enhance antimicrobial stewardship programs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200">13,14</a>The best method to quantify the use of antibiotics has yet to be defined. Antibiotic consumption is usually measured by calculating aggregated ratios on their use with the aim of enabling comparative evaluations. These ratios mainly include one of two reference units: the defined daily dose (DDD) or the days of therapy (DOT). Currently there is also other method to measure the consumption of antibiotics that is the prescribed daily dose (PDD) but that has the difficult to measure without a computerized system at the patient level.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">7</a>The DDD of a determinate antimicrobial is determined annually by the World Organization of Health (WHO); this unit represents the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">15</a> On the other hand, the DOT represents the days of antibiotic therapy administered to a patient, regardless of the number of doses administered or dosage strength.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">16</a>Using the DDD to measure the consumption of antimicrobials in hospitals is problematic. For many, but not all, parenteral drugs, the WHO sets the DDD at relatively low doses that often do not reflect dosages usually prescribed for hospitalized adults. Different studies found that the DDD format overestimated true prescription practice by 40–53%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220">17–19</a> Moreover, the DDD may be especially inappropriate in intensive care units (ICU). In critically ill patients, drastic derangements in physiological parameters can have large effects on the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials, often requiring modify the doses administered.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">20</a> Therefore, using the DDD will lead to errors in the measurement of the consumption of antibiotics in ICUs.The other recommended method to measure the consumption of antimicrobials, the DOT is easy to apply in settings where prescriptions are recorded at the individual level.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220">17,21–23</a> Nevertheless, DOTs also have limitations, mainly derived from the calculations in patients undergoing therapy with more than one antibiotic.Our hypothesis is that, given the differences between DDD and the doses of antimicrobials used in critical patients, the DDD method overestimates the consumption of antibiotics, especially in these patients, and for this reason we designed this study with the objective of measuring aggregate consumption of antibiotics in an ICU of a university hospital with DDD and DOT methods, to contrast these measures and confirm the differences between both methods.Patients and methodsStudy populationThis was a retrospective analysis of clinical and administrative data from all adult patients admitted to a polyvalent ICU at a university hospital in Spain between 1 February 2013 and 30 September 2016. The hospital's ethics committee approved the study and waived the need for informed consent due to the observational nature of the study (2019/536).Data abstraction and definitionsTrained research physicians collected data, patients’ severity at admission (measured by the APACHE II score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">24</a>), and the administered antimicrobial drugs (obtained from pharmacy unit-dose records for individual patients admitted between 1 February 2013 and 30 September 2016). We analyzed the pharmacy department's daily record of the consumption of antibiotics and antifungals and the daily admission and ICU stays of included patients. When an antimicrobial was available in both oral and parenteral forms, the sum for both routes of administration was recorded. Aggregated annualized data included the route of administration, the number of patients treated, the total DOTs, the number of doses administered, and the total grams administered.DDD method. To estimate antimicrobial use using the DDD method, the total number of grams of each drug used during the period of study were summed and divided by the WHO-assigned DDD. Dividing total grams of use by the DDD (grams/day) yields an estimate of the number of days of antimicrobial therapy. All DDDs were based on the 2016 version of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System and the DDD index.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">15</a> To express aggregate use, total DDDs were normalized per 100 patient-days.DOT method. To estimate antibiotic use using the DOT method, one DOT represented the administration of a single agent on a given day, regardless of the number of doses administered or dosage strength. A single patient receiving two antimicrobial drugs would be recorded as receiving 2 DOTs (1 for each drug administered) and so on according to the number of antimicrobials received daily. To express aggregate use, total DOTs were normalized to 100 patient-days.Statistical analysisContinuous data are expressed as median (interquartile range; IQR). To compare DDD vs. DOT values, we used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test on absolute values and values normalized to 100 patient-days because these variables were not normally distributed. p-Values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. We used correlation analysis to graphically examine the relationship between DDDs per 100 patient-days and DOTs per 100 patient-days for total antimicrobial drug use. The null hypothesis was that there is no difference in estimates of antimicrobial drug use by DDD and DOT. The difference between mean DDD and DOT was calculated by the following expression: (DDD−DOT)/DDD×100. We classified the magnitude of the differences between mean DDDs per 100 patient-days and DOTs per 100 patient-days as “major” (>25% difference), “moderate” (≥5% and <25% difference), or “minor” (<5% difference).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">16</a> SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp; Armonk, NY, USA) was used for all statistical analyses.ResultsDuring the study period, 2393 adult patients (mean age, 62±15 years; mean APACHE II score at admission, 14±2) were admitted to the ICU, representing 18,126 patients-days. The diagnosis of admission was acute respiratory failure (22.5%), neurological diseases (21.7%), sepsis/septic shock (18.6%), cardiovascular diseases (16.5%), polytrauma (12.8%), and others (7.9%).Total median antimicrobial drug use measured by DDDs was 535.3 (IQR 319.8–845.5) vs. 344.0 (IQR 117.2–544.5) when measured by DOTs, p<0.001. Global antimicrobial use was 36.7% higher when measured by DDD than by DOT. Median consumption normalized to 100 patient-days was higher when calculated by DDD [2.98 (IQR 1.76–5.25)/100 patient-days] vs. [1.89 (IQR 0.64–3.0)/100 patient-days] when calculated by DOT, p<0.001. The correlation analysis of antimicrobial drug use per 100 patient-days found these two measures were significantly different (p<0.001) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>In the 15 most commonly used antibacterial drugs, the difference between DDDs and DOTs was major in 9 (60%), moderate in 4 (26.6%), and minor in 2 (13.3%) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). The mean administered daily doses for 46.6% of these drugs were higher than the WHO's DDD recommendations. The greatest differences between DDDs and DOTs were found for cloxacillin, amikacin, cefepime, and daptomycin. The smallest differences between DDDs and DOTs were found for antibacterial drugs usually administered once or twice per day that have limited ranges of daily dosage, such as azithromycin and vancomycin.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>In the six antifungal drugs analyzed, the difference between DDDs and DOTs was major in 3 (50%) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>), and the mean administered daily doses were 34.4% higher than the WHO's DDD recommendations. The greatest differences between DDDs and DOTs were found for amphotericin B (91.6%) and fluconazole (57.5%).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionTo our knowledge, this is the first analysis of different methods to measure antimicrobial drug use in critically ill adult patients. As in studies done in other hospital populations,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220">17–19</a> the DDD system of measuring antimicrobial use overestimated the actual consumption of most antimicrobial drugs.The main advantages of the DDD method are that it enables antimicrobial use to be compared using standardized methods across a wide number of healthcare settings and countries, because it can be used with relative ease where administrative records are less developed and where it is more feasible to count packages and vials that have been purchased or dispensed than to measure the number of days of antimicrobial therapy. The most important limitation of DDD methods is discrepancies between administered daily doses and the WHO-assigned DDD.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">16</a>The main advantages of the DOT method are that it is not influenced by changes in the DDD or by discrepancies between the administered daily doses and DDD. The most important limitation of DOT methods results is the difficulty of measurement when computerized pharmacy records are not available.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">16</a>Our results agree with those of a study in 130 American hospitals,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">16</a> where the measurements of aggregate hospital antibiotic use by DDDs per 1000 patient-days and DOTs per 1000 patient-days were discordant for many frequently used antimicrobial drugs due to differences between the administered dose and the WHO-assigned DDD. The authors concluded that DDD methods are useful for benchmarking purposes, but for many antimicrobial drugs cannot be used to make inferences about the number of DOTs or relative use.Following this article, an editorial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">25</a> suggested that the DOT method was a good alternative to the DDD method and that the WHO International Working Group for Drug Statistics Methodology needs to revise the DDDs for many antimicrobials. It is also obvious that, DOT methods would be useful for other purposes, such as measuring antimicrobial use in other populations (e.g., pediatric or critical patients) in which the doses used are very different from the currently recommended DDDs. In this sense, the latest IDSA/SHEA guidelines for implementing an antibiotic stewardship program already suggest using the DOT method for monitoring antibiotic in preference to the DDD method.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">26</a>Our study in critical care patients found that the global antimicrobial use was 36.7% higher when measured by DDDs than when measured by DOTs, and the mean administered daily doses were greater than the DDDs in more than 40% of the antibiotics and more than 30% of the antifungals.Although the DOT method is becoming the standard measure of antimicrobial use in the USA, there are some limitations regarding its use as a representation of drug exposure. For example, for an antimicrobial administered every other day as adjusted for renal function, the DOTs are not counted for the days between the days when the drug is administered. Thus, the DOT can underrepresent true drug exposure. Kubin et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">27</a> assessed the impact of accounting for drug exposure on days in- between administered renal-adjusted doses for five antibacterial drugs (ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, vancomycin, tobramycin, and levofloxacin) for all patients, including ICU and non-ICU patients, comparing three different DOT methods: (1) the standard DOT method, counting only the actual days when antibiotics were administered; (2) counting DOT in between administered doses if the antibacterial was stopped and restored within 2 days; and (3) a custom-exposure method they developed to take into account variability in the exposure time between administered doses, depending on the specific drug-dosing guideline. When all patients were considered, the results obtained with the three approaches were similar for ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, and levofloxacin; however, for vancomycin and tobramycin, the approaches that took in-between dosing days into account yielded higher DOTs than the standard method. When only ICU patients were considered, the differences were larger. Nevertheless, the differences between the three methods were not statistically significant.In our study, most of the antimicrobial drugs were administered at a dosage that exceeded the WHO-assigned DDD. Our data concord with those reported by Polk et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">16</a> who found a downward deviation of the correlation curve for the antibiotics that had higher DDD than DOT measures, as in our study; for example, they found that the mean dose of cefepime used was 50% greater that WHO-assigned DDD, similar to our study, where the cefepime dose measured by DOT was 53% higher than the WHO-assigned DDD.The main limitations of our study are its retrospective design and the fact that it was done at a single center. Thus, our results should not be extrapolated to other populations admitted to hospitals with different characteristics. Nevertheless, although recommended daily doses may differ among hospitals, our local practice guidelines are similar to those applied in most ICUs and in many other areas of acute care hospitals. It should also be considered as a limitation of our study, the fact that we have only analyzed the global consumption of antimicrobials during the study period, without considering the variations in the doses due to different organic dysfunctions or the use of renal replacement techniques.We conclude that, for most antibacterial and antifungal drugs used in critically ill patients, the measurement of aggregate antimicrobial use by DDDs per 100 patient-days and DOTs per 100 patient-days is discordant because the administered dose is dissimilar from the WHO-assigned DDD. Although not all ICUs have the pharmacy unit-dose records necessary for DOTs, DOT methods should be recommended to ensure more realistic measurement of antibacterial drug consumption and avoid the overestimation that occurs with the DDD method in adult critically ill patients.Authors’ contributionsJordi Vallès was responsible for the design of the study, review of patient data and preparation of the article.Samuel Fernández and Edgar Cortés contributed to the acquisition of patient data included in the study.Anisi Morón was responsible for the pharmacy data of the patients included in the study.Esther Fondevilla and Emili Diaz were involved in review and elaboration of the document.Joan Carles Oliva contributed to the review and statistical analysis of the study.FundingThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Conflict of interest statementThe authors declare no conflict of interests." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1341325" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Design" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Setting" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Patients" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Interventions" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Main variables of interest" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1234301" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1341324" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Diseño" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0055" "titulo" => "Ámbito" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0060" "titulo" => "Pacientes" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0065" "titulo" => "Intervenciones" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0070" "titulo" => "Principales variables de interés" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0075" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0080" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1234302" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Study population" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Data abstraction and definitions" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Authors’ contributions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest statement" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-03-27" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-06-14" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1234301" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Defined daily dose" 1 => "Defined by days of therapy" 2 => "Antimicrobial consumption" 3 => "Intensive care unit" 4 => "Critically ill patients" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1234302" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Dosis diarias definidas" 1 => "Dosis por días de tratamiento" 2 => "Consumo de antibióticos" 3 => "Unidad de cuidados intensivos" 4 => "Pacientes críticos" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveTo compare the measurement of antimicrobial consumption by defined daily dose (DDD) versus by days of therapy (DOT). DesignRetrospective analysis of clinical and administrative data from patients admitted to a polyvalent ICU. SettingICU at a University Hospital in Spain. PatientsAll patients admitted to the ICU. InterventionsNone. Main variables of interestFor the DDD method, the World Health Organization (WHO)-assigned DDD was determined for the all the prescribed antimicrobials. For the DOT method, one DOT represented the administration of a single agent on a given day regardless of the number of doses administered. To express aggregate use, total DDDs and total DOTs were normalized to 100 patient-days. ResultsDuring the study period, 2393 adult patients were admitted to the ICU. Total median antimicrobial drugs measured by DDDs was 535.3 (IQR 319.8–845.5) vs. 344.0 (IQR 117.2–544.5) when measured by DOTs, p<0.001. When antimicrobial consumption was normalized to 100 patient-days, median antimicrobial consumption was also higher when measured by DDDs [2.98/100 patient-days (IQR 1.76–5.25) vs. 1.89/100 patient-days (IQR 0.64–3.0) when measured by DOTs, p<0.001]. ConclusionsFor most antibacterial and antifungal drugs used in critically ill patients, estimates of aggregate antibiotic use by DDDs per 100 patient-days and DOTs per 100 patient-days are discordant because the administered dose is dissimilar from the WHO-assigned DDD. DOT methods should be recommended to avoid the overestimation that occurs with DDDs in adult critically ill patients." "secciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Design" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Setting" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Patients" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Interventions" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Main variables of interest" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "ObjetivoComparar la medición del consumo de antimicrobianos por dosis diarias definidas (DDD) y por días de tratamiento (DOT). DiseñoAnálisis retrospectivo de datos clínicos y administrativos de los pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) polivalente. ÁmbitoLa UCI de un hospital universitario de España. PacientesTodos los pacientes ingresados en la UCI. IntervencionesNinguna. Principales variables de interésSe determinó la DDD asignada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para todos los antimicrobianos prescritos. La DOT representó los días de utilización de cada antimicrobiano independientemente del número de dosis administradas cada día. Las DDD totales y los DOT totales se normalizaron por cada 100 estancias. ResultadosDurante el período de estudio, 2.393 pacientes adultos ingresaron en la UCI. La mediana de los antimicrobianos medidos por DDD fue de 535,3 (RIQ: 319,8-845,5) frente a 344,0 (RIQ: 117,2-544,5) cuando se midió mediante DOT; p<0,001. Cuando el consumo de antimicrobianos se normalizó por 100 estancias, el consumo de antimicrobianos también fue mayor cuando se midió con DDD (2,98/100 estancias [RIQ: 1,76-5,25] vs. 1,89/100 estancias [RIQ: 0,64-3,0] cuando se midió por DOT; p<0,001). ConclusionesPara la mayoría de los antimicrobianos utilizados en la UCI, el consumo global y medido por DDD/100 estancias y DOT/100 estancias son discordantes porque la dosis administrada es diferente de la DDD asignada por la OMS. Se debe recomendar la utilización de las DOT para evitar la sobreestimación que se produce con las DDD en pacientes adultos críticamente enfermos." "secciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Diseño" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0055" "titulo" => "Ámbito" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0060" "titulo" => "Pacientes" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0065" "titulo" => "Intervenciones" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0070" "titulo" => "Principales variables de interés" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0075" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0080" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1270 "Ancho" => 1614 "Tamanyo" => 74662 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Correlation of total median antimicrobial drug use measured by defined daily dose (DDDs) per 100 patient-days and days of therapy (DOTs) per 100 patient-days (p<0.001)." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Major (>25% difference), moderate (>5% and ≤25% difference), and minor (<5% difference) importance." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Antibacterial drug \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DDD total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DOT total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DDD/100 patients-days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DOT/100 patients-days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Difference between DDD and DOT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Importance of the difference \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DDD g/day 2016 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean administered daily dose (g/day) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Meropenem \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4132 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2478 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Major \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Amoxicillin clavulanic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1959.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1043 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">46.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Major \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cloxacilin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2523 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">401 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Major \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cefepime \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1099 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">535 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Major \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Levofloxacin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">606 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">318 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Major \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ciprofloxacin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">562.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">319 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Major \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Daptomycin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">497.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">221 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Major \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Amikacin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">339 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">139 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Major \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ertapenem \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">160 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">118 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Major \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Piperacillin tazobactam \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2455.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2112 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moderate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ceftriaxone \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1229.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1018 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moderate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Metronidazol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">262.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">237 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moderate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Linezolid \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">657 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">729.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−10.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moderate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Vancomycin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">562.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">573 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−1.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Minor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Azithromycin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">520.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">509 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Minor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2300352.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "% Difference between DDD and DOT calculated by means of the following expression: (DDD−DOT)/DDD×100." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison between DDD and DOT and aggregate drug use by DDD per 100 patient-days and DOT per 100 patient-days for 15 common antibacterial drugs." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "Major (>25% difference), moderate (>5% and ≤25% difference), and minor (<5% difference) importance." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Antifungal drug \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DDD total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DOT total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DDD/100 patients-days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DOT/100 patients-days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Difference between DDD and DOT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">a</a> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Importance of the difference \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DDD g/day 2016 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean administered daily dose (g/day) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Amphotericin B \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">498.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">91.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Major \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Fluconazol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">761 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">378 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Major \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Caspofungin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Major \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Voriconazol \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moderate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Anidulafungin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">484 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">372 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moderate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Micafungin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moderate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2300351.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "% Difference between DDD and DOT calculated by means of the following expression: (DDD−DOT)/DDD×100." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison between DDDs and DOTs and aggregate drug use by DDDs per 100 patient-days and DOTs per 100 patient-days for 6 common antifungal drugs." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:27 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Strategies to prevent and control the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in hospitals: a challenge to hospital leadership" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D.A. Goldmann" 1 => "R.A. Weinstein" 2 => "R.P. Wenzel" 3 => "O.C. Tablan" 4 => "R.J. Duma" 5 => "R.P. Gaynes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "275" "paginaInicial" => "234" "paginaFinal" => "240" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604178" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A public health action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance. Part I. Domestic issues" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:5 [ "fecha" => "2001" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "43" "editorial" => "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Atlanta" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2011. Annual report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2012" "editorial" => "ECDC" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Stockholm" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Antibiotic consumption and resistance: data from Europe and Germany" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "E. Meyer" 1 => "P. Gastmeier" 2 => "M. Deja" 3 => "F. Schwab" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.04.004" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Med Microbiol" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "303" "paginaInicial" => "388" "paginaFinal" => "395" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23727396" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Approaching zero: temporal effects of a restrictive antibiotic policy on hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing coliforms and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.J. Dancer" 1 => "P. Kirkpatrick" 2 => "D.S. Corcoran" 3 => "F. Christison" 4 => "D. Farmer" 5 => "C. Robertson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.10.013" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Antimicrob Agents" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "137" "paginaFinal" => "142" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23276500" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Twenty years of antimicrobial resistance control programme in a regional multi hospital institution, with focus on emerging bacteria (VRE and CPE)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. Fournier" 1 => "C. Brun-Buisson" 2 => "V. Jarlier" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/2047-2994-1-9" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Antimicrob Resist Infect Control" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "9" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22958336" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "How to measure and monitor antimicrobial consumption and resistance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Grau" 1 => "G. Bou" 2 => "E. Fondevilla" 3 => "J. Nicolás" 4 => "M. Rodriguez-Maresca" 5 => "L. Martínez-Martínez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-005X(13)70128-9" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "31" "numero" => "Suppl. 4" "paginaInicial" => "16" "paginaFinal" => "24" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129285" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Antibiotic use in 530 French hospitals: results from a surveillance network at hospital and ward levels in 2007" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Dumartin" 1 => "F. L’Heriteau" 2 => "M. Pefau" 3 => "X. Bertrand" 4 => "P. Jarno" 5 => "S. Boussat" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/jac/dkq228" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Antimicrob Chemother" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "65" "paginaInicial" => "2028" "paginaFinal" => "2036" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20581121" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0022347610003197" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00223476" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An additional measure for quantifying antibiotic use in hospitals" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P.M. Filius" 1 => "T.B. Liem" 2 => "P.D. van der Linden" 3 => "R. Janknegt" 4 => "S. Natsch" 5 => "A.G. Vulto" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/jac/dki093" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Antimicrob Chemother" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "55" "paginaInicial" => "805" "paginaFinal" => "808" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15814603" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Quantitative antibiotic use in hospitals: comparison of measurements, literature review, and recommendations for a standard of reporting" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.P. Kuster" 1 => "C. Ruef" 2 => "B. Ledergerber" 3 => "A. Hintermann" 4 => "C. Deplazes" 5 => "L. Neuber" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s15010-008-7462-z" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Infection" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "549" "paginaFinal" => "559" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19011740" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Increase and change in pattern of hospital antimicrobial use, Denmark, 1997–2001" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B. Muller-Pebody" 1 => "M. Muscat" 2 => "B. Pelle" 3 => "B.M. Klein" 4 => "C.T. Brandt" 5 => "D.L. Monnet" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/jac/dkh494" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Antimicrob Chemother" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "54" "paginaInicial" => "1122" "paginaFinal" => "1126" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15537692" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Problems in collecting comparable national drug use data in Europe: the example of antibacterials" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Ronning" 1 => "H.S. Blix" 2 => "H. Strom" 3 => "E. Skovlund" 4 => "M. Andersen" 5 => "R.V. Stichele" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00228-003-0572-8" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Clin Pharmacol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "58" "paginaInicial" => "843" "paginaFinal" => "849" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12698312" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America guidelines for developing an institutional program to enhance antimicrobial stewardship" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T.H. Dellit" 1 => "R.C. Owens" 2 => "J.E. McGowan" 3 => "D.N. Gerding" 4 => "R.A. Weinstein" 5 => "J.P. Burke" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1086/510393" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "159" "paginaFinal" => "177" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17173212" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0205" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Antimicrobial stewardship programme in critical care medicine: a prospective interventional study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Ruiz" 1 => "P. Ramirez" 2 => "M. Gordon" 3 => "E. Villarreal" 4 => "J. Frasquet" 5 => "J.L. Poveda-Andrés" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2017.07.002" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Intensiva" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "266" "paginaFinal" => "273" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28882325" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "ATC Index with DDDs" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "World Health Organization" 1 => "Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2016" "editorial" => "WHO" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Oslo, Norway" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Measurement of adult antibacterial drug use in 130 US Hospitals: comparison of defined daily dose and days of therapy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R.E. Polk" 1 => "C. Fox" 2 => "A. Mahoney" 3 => "J. Letcavage" 4 => "C. MacDou" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1086/511640" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "664" "paginaFinal" => "670" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278056" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0220" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Methodological validation of monitoring indicators of antibiotics use in hospitals" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "B. Mandy" 1 => "E. Koutny" 2 => "C. Cornette" 3 => "M.C. Woronoff-Lemsi" 4 => "D. Talon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1023/b:phar.0000018595.78732.1c" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pharm World Sci" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "90" "paginaFinal" => "95" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15085943" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0225" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Antibiotic use in German university hospitals 1998–2000 (Project INTERUNI-II)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. de With" 1 => "J. Bergner" 2 => "R. Bühner" 3 => "F. Dorje" 4 => "C. Gonnermann" 5 => "M. Haber" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.03.015" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Antimicrob Agents" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "213" "paginaFinal" => "218" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15325423" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0230" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The MABUSE-INTERREGIO-II project team: antibiotic use in non-university regional acute care general hospitals in southwestern Germany, 2001–2002" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "W.V. Kern" 1 => "K. de With" 2 => "M. Steib-Bauert" 3 => "M. Fellhauer" 4 => "A. Plangger" 5 => "W. Probst" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s15010-005-5059-3" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Infection" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "333" "paginaFinal" => "339" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16258863" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations for the optimization of antimicrobial delivery in the critically ill" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D. Tsai" 1 => "J. Lipman" 2 => "J.A. Roberts" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/MCC.0000000000000229" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Crit Care" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "412" "paginaFinal" => "420" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26348420" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effect of renal dysfunction on antimicrobial use measurements" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B.M. Zagorski" 1 => "W.E. Trick" 2 => "D.N. Schwartz" 3 => "M.F. Wisniewski" 4 => "R.C. Hershow" 5 => "S.K. Fridkin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "1491" "paginaFinal" => "1497" ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fluoroquinolone consumption and resistance in haematology-oncology patients: ecological analysis in two university hospitals 1999–2002" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "W.V. Kern" 1 => "M. Steib-Bauert" 2 => "K. de With" 3 => "S. Reuter" 4 => "H. Bertz" 5 => "U. Frank" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/jac/dkh510" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Antimicrob Chemother" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "55" "paginaInicial" => "57" "paginaFinal" => "60" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15574472" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0250" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Discrepancies between prescribed daily doses and WHO defined daily doses of antibacterials at a university hospital" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A. Muller" 1 => "D.L. Monnet" 2 => "D. Talon" 3 => "T. Hénon" 4 => "X. Bertrand" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02605.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Clin Pharmacol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "61" "paginaInicial" => "585" "paginaFinal" => "591" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16669851" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0255" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "W.A. Knaus" 1 => "E.A. Draper" 2 => "D.P. Wagner" 3 => "J.E. Zimmerman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "1985" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "818" "paginaFinal" => "829" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3928249" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0260" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Measuring antimicrobial use: the way forward" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "D.L. Monnet" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1086/511649" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "671" "paginaFinal" => "673" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278057" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0265" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Implementing an Antibiotic Stewardship Program: guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T.F. Barlam" 1 => "S.E. Cosgrove" 2 => "L.M. Abbo" 3 => "C.M. MacDougall" 4 => "A.N. Schuetz" 5 => "E.J. Septimus" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/cid/ciw217" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "62" "paginaInicial" => "1197" "paginaFinal" => "1202" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27118828" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0270" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lack of significant variability among different methods for calculating antimicrobial days of therapy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C.J. Kubin" 1 => "H. Jia" 2 => "L.R. Alba" 3 => "E. Yoko Furuya" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1086/664770" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "421" "paginaFinal" => "423" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22418642" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/02105691/0000004400000005/v1_202005280745/S0210569119301780/v1_202005280745/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "434" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Originales" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02105691/0000004400000005/v1_202005280745/S0210569119301780/v1_202005280745/en/main.pdf?idApp=WMIE&text.app=https://medintensiva.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210569119301780?idApp=WMIE"]

Estadísticas

Original article

Comparison of the defined daily dose and days of treatment methods for evaluating the consumption of antibiotics and antifungals in the intensive care unit

Comparación de la dosis diaria definida y los días de tratamiento para evaluar el consumo de antibióticos y antifúngicos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos

J. Vallèsa,

Autor para correspondencia

jvalles@tauli.cat

Corresponding author.

, S. Fernándeza, E. Cortésa, A. Morónb, E. Fondevillac, J.C. Olivaa, E. Diaza

a Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain

b Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain

c Centre Coordinador del VINCat, Barcelona, Spain

Leído

20535

Veces
se ha leído el artículo

3728

Total PDF

16807

Total HTML

Compartir estadísticas

 array:23 [
  "pii" => "S0210569119301780"
  "issn" => "02105691"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2019.06.008"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01"
  "aid" => "1363"
  "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; y SEMICYUC"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2019"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2020;44:294-300"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 22
    "formatos" => array:2 [
      "HTML" => 13
      "PDF" => 9
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0210569119301226"
    "issn" => "02105691"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2019.03.012"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01"
    "aid" => "1341"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; y SEMICYUC"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "rev"
    "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2020;44:301-9"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 58
      "formatos" => array:2 [
        "HTML" => 25
        "PDF" => 33
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Revisi&#243;n</span>"
      "titulo" => "Monitorizaci&#243;n electroencefalogr&#225;fica en el paciente cr&#237;tico&#58; &#191;qu&#233; informaci&#243;n &#250;til puede aportar&#63;"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "301"
          "paginaFinal" => "309"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Electroencephalographic monitoring in the critically ill patient&#58; What useful information can it contribute&#63;"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0015"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 3"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1238
              "Ancho" => 2496
              "Tamanyo" => 146232
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "es" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cambios observados en la morfolog&#237;a de las ondas del electroencefalograma a medida que decrece el flujo sangu&#237;neo cerebral &#40;FSC&#41;&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "C&#46; Rubi&#241;os, D&#46;A&#46; Godoy"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "C&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Rubi&#241;os"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "D&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Godoy"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S217357271930133X"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.medine.2019.06.008"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S217357271930133X?idApp=WMIE"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210569119301226?idApp=WMIE"
    "url" => "/02105691/0000004400000005/v1_202005280745/S0210569119301226/v1_202005280745/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0210569119300737"
    "issn" => "02105691"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2019.02.012"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01"
    "aid" => "1327"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; y SEMICYUC"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2020;44:283-93"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 41
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 2
        "HTML" => 17
        "PDF" => 22
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Epidemiology and outcome of HIV-infected patients admitted to the ICU in the current highly active antiretroviral therapy era"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "283"
          "paginaFinal" => "293"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Epidemiolog&#237;a y pron&#243;stico de los pacientes con VIH ingresados en la UCI en la era de tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad actual"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "P&#46; Vidal-Cort&#233;s, L&#46;A&#46; &#193;lvarez-Rocha, P&#46; Fern&#225;ndez-Ugidos, M&#46;A&#46; P&#233;rez-Veloso, I&#46;M&#46; Su&#225;rez-Paul, A&#46; Virg&#243;s-Pedreira, S&#46; P&#233;rtega-D&#237;az, &#193;&#46;C&#46; Castro-Iglesias"
          "autores" => array:8 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Vidal-Cort&#233;s"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "L&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "&#193;lvarez-Rocha"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Fern&#225;ndez-Ugidos"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "P&#233;rez-Veloso"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "I&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Su&#225;rez-Paul"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Virg&#243;s-Pedreira"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "P&#233;rtega-D&#237;az"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "&#193;&#46;C&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Castro-Iglesias"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210569119300737?idApp=WMIE"
    "url" => "/02105691/0000004400000005/v1_202005280745/S0210569119300737/v1_202005280745/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Comparison of the defined daily dose and days of treatment methods for evaluating the consumption of antibiotics and antifungals in the intensive care unit"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "294"
        "paginaFinal" => "300"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "J&#46; Vall&#232;s, S&#46; Fern&#225;ndez, E&#46; Cort&#233;s, A&#46; Mor&#243;n, E&#46; Fondevilla, J&#46;C&#46; Oliva, E&#46; Diaz"
        "autores" => array:7 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Vall&#232;s"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "jvalles@tauli.cat"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "S&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Fern&#225;ndez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Cort&#233;s"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Mor&#243;n"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Fondevilla"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;C&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Oliva"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Diaz"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Critical Care Department&#44; Hospital Universitari Parc Taul&#237;&#44; Sabadell&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Pharmacy&#44; Hospital Universitari Parc Taul&#237;&#44; Sabadell&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Centre Coordinador del VINCat&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Comparaci&#243;n de la dosis diaria definida y los d&#237;as de tratamiento para evaluar el consumo de antibi&#243;ticos y antif&#250;ngicos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1270
            "Ancho" => 1614
            "Tamanyo" => 74662
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation of total median antimicrobial drug use measured by defined daily dose &#40;DDDs&#41; per 100 patient-days and days of therapy &#40;DOTs&#41; per 100 patient-days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The use of antimicrobials is frequently associated with the appearance of resistant strains of microorganisms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Therefore&#44; it is important to use antibiotics appropriately to avoid increases in antimicrobial resistance and improve patient outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;6</span></a> In order to promote rational use&#44; antimicrobial consumption must to be measured and trends in consumption must also be monitored&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Hospitals need reliable methods to determine their consumption of antibiotics and to compare it with consumption at other centers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;12</span></a> Knowledge of the consumption of antibiotics in hospitals and in the ICU is one of the main pillars in the guidelines to enhance antimicrobial stewardship programs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The best method to quantify the use of antibiotics has yet to be defined&#46; Antibiotic consumption is usually measured by calculating aggregated ratios on their use with the aim of enabling comparative evaluations&#46; These ratios mainly include one of two reference units&#58; the defined daily dose &#40;DDD&#41; or the days of therapy &#40;DOT&#41;&#46; Currently there is also other method to measure the consumption of antibiotics that is the prescribed daily dose &#40;PDD&#41; but that has the difficult to measure without a computerized system at the patient level&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The DDD of a determinate antimicrobial is determined annually by the World Organization of Health &#40;WHO&#41;&#59; this unit represents the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> On the other hand&#44; the DOT represents the days of antibiotic therapy administered to a patient&#44; regardless of the number of doses administered or dosage strength&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Using the DDD to measure the consumption of antimicrobials in hospitals is problematic&#46; For many&#44; but not all&#44; parenteral drugs&#44; the WHO sets the DDD at relatively low doses that often do not reflect dosages usually prescribed for hospitalized adults&#46; Different studies found that the DDD format overestimated true prescription practice by 40&#8211;53&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#8211;19</span></a> Moreover&#44; the DDD may be especially inappropriate in intensive care units &#40;ICU&#41;&#46; In critically ill patients&#44; drastic derangements in physiological parameters can have large effects on the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials&#44; often requiring modify the doses administered&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Therefore&#44; using the DDD will lead to errors in the measurement of the consumption of antibiotics in ICUs&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The other recommended method to measure the consumption of antimicrobials&#44; the DOT is easy to apply in settings where prescriptions are recorded at the individual level&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;21&#8211;23</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; DOTs also have limitations&#44; mainly derived from the calculations in patients undergoing therapy with more than one antibiotic&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our hypothesis is that&#44; given the differences between DDD and the doses of antimicrobials used in critical patients&#44; the DDD method overestimates the consumption of antibiotics&#44; especially in these patients&#44; and for this reason we designed this study with the objective of measuring aggregate consumption of antibiotics in an ICU of a university hospital with DDD and DOT methods&#44; to contrast these measures and confirm the differences between both methods&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Patients and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Study population</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a retrospective analysis of clinical and administrative data from all adult patients admitted to a polyvalent ICU at a university hospital in Spain between 1 February 2013 and 30 September 2016&#46; The hospital&#39;s ethics committee approved the study and waived the need for informed consent due to the observational nature of the study &#40;2019&#47;536&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Data abstraction and definitions</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Trained research physicians collected data&#44; patients&#8217; severity at admission &#40;measured by the APACHE II score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#41;&#44; and the administered antimicrobial drugs &#40;obtained from pharmacy unit-dose records for individual patients admitted between 1 February 2013 and 30 September 2016&#41;&#46; We analyzed the pharmacy department&#39;s daily record of the consumption of antibiotics and antifungals and the daily admission and ICU stays of included patients&#46; When an antimicrobial was available in both oral and parenteral forms&#44; the sum for both routes of administration was recorded&#46; Aggregated annualized data included the route of administration&#44; the number of patients treated&#44; the total DOTs&#44; the number of doses administered&#44; and the total grams administered&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DDD method</span>&#46; To estimate antimicrobial use using the DDD method&#44; the total number of grams of each drug used during the period of study were summed and divided by the WHO-assigned DDD&#46; Dividing total grams of use by the DDD &#40;grams&#47;day&#41; yields an estimate of the number of days of antimicrobial therapy&#46; All DDDs were based on the 2016 version of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System and the DDD index&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> To express aggregate use&#44; total DDDs were normalized per 100 patient-days&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DOT method</span>&#46; To estimate antibiotic use using the DOT method&#44; one DOT represented the administration of a single agent on a given day&#44; regardless of the number of doses administered or dosage strength&#46; A single patient receiving two antimicrobial drugs would be recorded as receiving 2 DOTs &#40;1 for each drug administered&#41; and so on according to the number of antimicrobials received daily&#46; To express aggregate use&#44; total DOTs were normalized to 100 patient-days&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Continuous data are expressed as median &#40;interquartile range&#59; IQR&#41;&#46; To compare DDD vs&#46; DOT values&#44; we used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test on absolute values and values normalized to 100 patient-days because these variables were not normally distributed&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Values<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 were considered statistically significant&#46; We used correlation analysis to graphically examine the relationship between DDDs per 100 patient-days and DOTs per 100 patient-days for total antimicrobial drug use&#46; The null hypothesis was that there is no difference in estimates of antimicrobial drug use by DDD and DOT&#46; The difference between mean DDD and DOT was calculated by the following expression&#58; &#40;DDD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DOT&#41;&#47;DDD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46; We classified the magnitude of the differences between mean DDDs per 100 patient-days and DOTs per 100 patient-days as &#8220;major&#8221; &#40;&#62;25&#37; difference&#41;&#44; &#8220;moderate&#8221; &#40;&#8805;5&#37; and &#60;25&#37; difference&#41;&#44; or &#8220;minor&#8221; &#40;&#60;5&#37; difference&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> SPSS 25&#46;0 &#40;IBM Corp&#59; Armonk&#44; NY&#44; USA&#41; was used for all statistical analyses&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Results</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the study period&#44; 2393 adult patients &#40;mean age&#44; 62<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15 years&#59; mean APACHE II score at admission&#44; 14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41; were admitted to the ICU&#44; representing 18&#44;126 patients-days&#46; The diagnosis of admission was acute respiratory failure &#40;22&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; neurological diseases &#40;21&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; sepsis&#47;septic shock &#40;18&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; cardiovascular diseases &#40;16&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; polytrauma &#40;12&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; and others &#40;7&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Total median antimicrobial drug use measured by DDDs was 535&#46;3 &#40;IQR 319&#46;8&#8211;845&#46;5&#41; vs&#46; 344&#46;0 &#40;IQR 117&#46;2&#8211;544&#46;5&#41; when measured by DOTs&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#46; Global antimicrobial use was 36&#46;7&#37; higher when measured by DDD than by DOT&#46; Median consumption normalized to 100 patient-days was higher when calculated by DDD &#91;2&#46;98 &#40;IQR 1&#46;76&#8211;5&#46;25&#41;&#47;100 patient-days&#93; vs&#46; &#91;1&#46;89 &#40;IQR 0&#46;64&#8211;3&#46;0&#41;&#47;100 patient-days&#93; when calculated by DOT&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#46; The correlation analysis of antimicrobial drug use per 100 patient-days found these two measures were significantly different &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the 15 most commonly used antibacterial drugs&#44; the difference between DDDs and DOTs was major in 9 &#40;60&#37;&#41;&#44; moderate in 4 &#40;26&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; and minor in 2 &#40;13&#46;3&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; The mean administered daily doses for 46&#46;6&#37; of these drugs were higher than the WHO&#39;s DDD recommendations&#46; The greatest differences between DDDs and DOTs were found for cloxacillin&#44; amikacin&#44; cefepime&#44; and daptomycin&#46; The smallest differences between DDDs and DOTs were found for antibacterial drugs usually administered once or twice per day that have limited ranges of daily dosage&#44; such as azithromycin and vancomycin&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the six antifungal drugs analyzed&#44; the difference between DDDs and DOTs was major in 3 &#40;50&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#44; and the mean administered daily doses were 34&#46;4&#37; higher than the WHO&#39;s DDD recommendations&#46; The greatest differences between DDDs and DOTs were found for amphotericin B &#40;91&#46;6&#37;&#41; and fluconazole &#40;57&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Discussion</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To our knowledge&#44; this is the first analysis of different methods to measure antimicrobial drug use in critically ill adult patients&#46; As in studies done in other hospital populations&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#8211;19</span></a> the DDD system of measuring antimicrobial use overestimated the actual consumption of most antimicrobial drugs&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main advantages of the DDD method are that it enables antimicrobial use to be compared using standardized methods across a wide number of healthcare settings and countries&#44; because it can be used with relative ease where administrative records are less developed and where it is more feasible to count packages and vials that have been purchased or dispensed than to measure the number of days of antimicrobial therapy&#46; The most important limitation of DDD methods is discrepancies between administered daily doses and the WHO-assigned DDD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main advantages of the DOT method are that it is not influenced by changes in the DDD or by discrepancies between the administered daily doses and DDD&#46; The most important limitation of DOT methods results is the difficulty of measurement when computerized pharmacy records are not available&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results agree with those of a study in 130 American hospitals&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> where the measurements of aggregate hospital antibiotic use by DDDs per 1000 patient-days and DOTs per 1000 patient-days were discordant for many frequently used antimicrobial drugs due to differences between the administered dose and the WHO-assigned DDD&#46; The authors concluded that DDD methods are useful for benchmarking purposes&#44; but for many antimicrobial drugs cannot be used to make inferences about the number of DOTs or relative use&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Following this article&#44; an editorial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> suggested that the DOT method was a good alternative to the DDD method and that the WHO International Working Group for Drug Statistics Methodology needs to revise the DDDs for many antimicrobials&#46; It is also obvious that&#44; DOT methods would be useful for other purposes&#44; such as measuring antimicrobial use in other populations &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; pediatric or critical patients&#41; in which the doses used are very different from the currently recommended DDDs&#46; In this sense&#44; the latest IDSA&#47;SHEA guidelines for implementing an antibiotic stewardship program already suggest using the DOT method for monitoring antibiotic in preference to the DDD method&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study in critical care patients found that the global antimicrobial use was 36&#46;7&#37; higher when measured by DDDs than when measured by DOTs&#44; and the mean administered daily doses were greater than the DDDs in more than 40&#37; of the antibiotics and more than 30&#37; of the antifungals&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the DOT method is becoming the standard measure of antimicrobial use in the USA&#44; there are some limitations regarding its use as a representation of drug exposure&#46; For example&#44; for an antimicrobial administered every other day as adjusted for renal function&#44; the DOTs are not counted for the days between the days when the drug is administered&#46; Thus&#44; the DOT can underrepresent true drug exposure&#46; Kubin et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> assessed the impact of accounting for drug exposure on days in- between administered renal-adjusted doses for five antibacterial drugs &#40;ceftriaxone&#44; piperacillin&#47;tazobactam&#44; vancomycin&#44; tobramycin&#44; and levofloxacin&#41; for all patients&#44; including ICU and non-ICU patients&#44; comparing three different DOT methods&#58; &#40;1&#41; the standard DOT method&#44; counting only the actual days when antibiotics were administered&#59; &#40;2&#41; counting DOT in between administered doses if the antibacterial was stopped and restored within 2 days&#59; and &#40;3&#41; a custom-exposure method they developed to take into account variability in the exposure time between administered doses&#44; depending on the specific drug-dosing guideline&#46; When all patients were considered&#44; the results obtained with the three approaches were similar for ceftriaxone&#44; piperacillin&#47;tazobactam&#44; and levofloxacin&#59; however&#44; for vancomycin and tobramycin&#44; the approaches that took in-between dosing days into account yielded higher DOTs than the standard method&#46; When only ICU patients were considered&#44; the differences were larger&#46; Nevertheless&#44; the differences between the three methods were not statistically significant&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study&#44; most of the antimicrobial drugs were administered at a dosage that exceeded the WHO-assigned DDD&#46; Our data concord with those reported by Polk et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> who found a downward deviation of the correlation curve for the antibiotics that had higher DDD than DOT measures&#44; as in our study&#59; for example&#44; they found that the mean dose of cefepime used was 50&#37; greater that WHO-assigned DDD&#44; similar to our study&#44; where the cefepime dose measured by DOT was 53&#37; higher than the WHO-assigned DDD&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main limitations of our study are its retrospective design and the fact that it was done at a single center&#46; Thus&#44; our results should not be extrapolated to other populations admitted to hospitals with different characteristics&#46; Nevertheless&#44; although recommended daily doses may differ among hospitals&#44; our local practice guidelines are similar to those applied in most ICUs and in many other areas of acute care hospitals&#46; It should also be considered as a limitation of our study&#44; the fact that we have only analyzed the global consumption of antimicrobials during the study period&#44; without considering the variations in the doses due to different organic dysfunctions or the use of renal replacement techniques&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We conclude that&#44; for most antibacterial and antifungal drugs used in critically ill patients&#44; the measurement of aggregate antimicrobial use by DDDs per 100 patient-days and DOTs per 100 patient-days is discordant because the administered dose is dissimilar from the WHO-assigned DDD&#46; Although not all ICUs have the pharmacy unit-dose records necessary for DOTs&#44; DOT methods should be recommended to ensure more realistic measurement of antibacterial drug consumption and avoid the overestimation that occurs with the DDD method in adult critically ill patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jordi Vall&#232;s was responsible for the design of the study&#44; review of patient data and preparation of the article&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Samuel Fern&#225;ndez and Edgar Cort&#233;s contributed to the acquisition of patient data included in the study&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anisi Mor&#243;n was responsible for the pharmacy data of the patients included in the study&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esther Fondevilla and Emili Diaz were involved in review and elaboration of the document&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Joan Carles Oliva contributed to the review and statistical analysis of the study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Funding</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public&#44; commercial&#44; or not-for-profit sectors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Conflict of interest statement</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interests&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:12 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1341325"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:8 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Objective"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Design"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Setting"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Patients"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Interventions"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "Main variables of interest"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1234301"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1341324"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:8 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0045"
              "titulo" => "Objetivo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0050"
              "titulo" => "Dise&#241;o"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0055"
              "titulo" => "&#193;mbito"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0060"
              "titulo" => "Pacientes"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0065"
              "titulo" => "Intervenciones"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0070"
              "titulo" => "Principales variables de inter&#233;s"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0075"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0080"
              "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1234302"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Patients and methods"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Study population"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Data abstraction and definitions"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Authors&#8217; contributions"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest statement"
        ]
        11 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2019-03-27"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2019-06-14"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1234301"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Defined daily dose"
            1 => "Defined by days of therapy"
            2 => "Antimicrobial consumption"
            3 => "Intensive care unit"
            4 => "Critically ill patients"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1234302"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Dosis diarias definidas"
            1 => "Dosis por d&#237;as de tratamiento"
            2 => "Consumo de antibi&#243;ticos"
            3 => "Unidad de cuidados intensivos"
            4 => "Pacientes cr&#237;ticos"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To compare the measurement of antimicrobial consumption by defined daily dose &#40;DDD&#41; versus by days of therapy &#40;DOT&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Design</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective analysis of clinical and administrative data from patients admitted to a polyvalent ICU&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Setting</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ICU at a University Hospital in Spain&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Patients</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All patients admitted to the ICU&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Interventions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Main variables of interest</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">For the DDD method&#44; the World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41;-assigned DDD was determined for the all the prescribed antimicrobials&#46; For the DOT method&#44; one DOT represented the administration of a single agent on a given day regardless of the number of doses administered&#46; To express aggregate use&#44; total DDDs and total DOTs were normalized to 100 patient-days&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">During the study period&#44; 2393 adult patients were admitted to the ICU&#46; Total median antimicrobial drugs measured by DDDs was 535&#46;3 &#40;IQR 319&#46;8&#8211;845&#46;5&#41; vs&#46; 344&#46;0 &#40;IQR 117&#46;2&#8211;544&#46;5&#41; when measured by DOTs&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#46; When antimicrobial consumption was normalized to 100 patient-days&#44; median antimicrobial consumption was also higher when measured by DDDs &#91;2&#46;98&#47;100 patient-days &#40;IQR 1&#46;76&#8211;5&#46;25&#41; vs&#46; 1&#46;89&#47;100 patient-days &#40;IQR 0&#46;64&#8211;3&#46;0&#41; when measured by DOTs&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#93;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">For most antibacterial and antifungal drugs used in critically ill patients&#44; estimates of aggregate antibiotic use by DDDs per 100 patient-days and DOTs per 100 patient-days are discordant because the administered dose is dissimilar from the WHO-assigned DDD&#46; DOT methods should be recommended to avoid the overestimation that occurs with DDDs in adult critically ill patients&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:8 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Design"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Setting"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Patients"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Interventions"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Main variables of interest"
          ]
          6 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          7 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparar la medici&#243;n del consumo de antimicrobianos por dosis diarias definidas &#40;DDD&#41; y por d&#237;as de tratamiento &#40;DOT&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis retrospectivo de datos cl&#237;nicos y administrativos de los pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos &#40;UCI&#41; polivalente&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">&#193;mbito</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La UCI de un hospital universitario de Espa&#241;a&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Pacientes</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Todos los pacientes ingresados en la UCI&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Intervenciones</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ninguna&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Principales variables de inter&#233;s</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se determin&#243; la DDD asignada por la Organizaci&#243;n Mundial de la Salud &#40;OMS&#41; para todos los antimicrobianos prescritos&#46; La DOT represent&#243; los d&#237;as de utilizaci&#243;n de cada antimicrobiano independientemente del n&#250;mero de dosis administradas cada d&#237;a&#46; Las DDD totales y los DOT totales se normalizaron por cada 100 estancias&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Resultados</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Durante el per&#237;odo de estudio&#44; 2&#46;393 pacientes adultos ingresaron en la UCI&#46; La mediana de los antimicrobianos medidos por DDD fue de 535&#44;3 &#40;RIQ&#58; 319&#44;8-845&#44;5&#41; frente a 344&#44;0 &#40;RIQ&#58; 117&#44;2-544&#44;5&#41; cuando se midi&#243; mediante DOT&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#46; Cuando el consumo de antimicrobianos se normaliz&#243; por 100 estancias&#44; el consumo de antimicrobianos tambi&#233;n fue mayor cuando se midi&#243; con DDD &#40;2&#44;98&#47;100 estancias &#91;RIQ&#58; 1&#44;76-5&#44;25&#93; vs&#46; 1&#44;89&#47;100 estancias &#91;RIQ&#58; 0&#44;64-3&#44;0&#93; cuando se midi&#243; por DOT&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Para la mayor&#237;a de los antimicrobianos utilizados en la UCI&#44; el consumo global y medido por DDD&#47;100 estancias y DOT&#47;100 estancias son discordantes porque la dosis administrada es diferente de la DDD asignada por la OMS&#46; Se debe recomendar la utilizaci&#243;n de las DOT para evitar la sobreestimaci&#243;n que se produce con las DDD en pacientes adultos cr&#237;ticamente enfermos&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:8 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0050"
            "titulo" => "Dise&#241;o"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0055"
            "titulo" => "&#193;mbito"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0060"
            "titulo" => "Pacientes"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0065"
            "titulo" => "Intervenciones"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0070"
            "titulo" => "Principales variables de inter&#233;s"
          ]
          6 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0075"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          7 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0080"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:3 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1270
            "Ancho" => 1614
            "Tamanyo" => 74662
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation of total median antimicrobial drug use measured by defined daily dose &#40;DDDs&#41; per 100 patient-days and days of therapy &#40;DOTs&#41; per 100 patient-days &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Major &#40;&#62;25&#37; difference&#41;&#44; moderate &#40;&#62;5&#37; and &#8804;25&#37; difference&#41;&#44; and minor &#40;&#60;5&#37; difference&#41; importance&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Antibacterial drug&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DDD total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DOT total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DDD&#47;100 patients-days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DOT&#47;100 patients-days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Difference between DDD and DOT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Importance of the difference&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DDD g&#47;day 2016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean administered daily dose &#40;g&#47;day&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Meropenem&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4132&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2478&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Major&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amoxicillin clavulanic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1959&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1043&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Major&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cloxacilin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2523&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">401&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">83&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Major&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cefepime&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1099&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">535&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Major&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Levofloxacin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">606&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">318&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Major&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ciprofloxacin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">562&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">319&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Major&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Daptomycin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">497&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">221&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Major&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amikacin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">339&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">139&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Major&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ertapenem&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">160&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">118&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Major&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Piperacillin tazobactam&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2455&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2112&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ceftriaxone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1229&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1018&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Metronidazol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">262&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">237&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Linezolid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">657&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">729&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;10&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vancomycin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">562&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">573&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;1&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Minor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Azithromycin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">520&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">509&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Minor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2300352.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">&#37; Difference between DDD and DOT calculated by means of the following expression&#58; &#40;DDD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DOT&#41;&#47;DDD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison between DDD and DOT and aggregate drug use by DDD per 100 patient-days and DOT per 100 patient-days for 15 common antibacterial drugs&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Major &#40;&#62;25&#37; difference&#41;&#44; moderate &#40;&#62;5&#37; and &#8804;25&#37; difference&#41;&#44; and minor &#40;&#60;5&#37; difference&#41; importance&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Antifungal drug&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DDD total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DOT total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DDD&#47;100 patients-days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DOT&#47;100 patients-days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Difference between DDD and DOT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Importance of the difference&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DDD g&#47;day 2016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean administered daily dose &#40;g&#47;day&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Amphotericin B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">498&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Major&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fluconazol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">761&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">378&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Major&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caspofungin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Major&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Voriconazol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anidulafungin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">484&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">372&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Micafungin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2300351.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">&#37; Difference between DDD and DOT calculated by means of the following expression&#58; &#40;DDD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DOT&#41;&#47;DDD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison between DDDs and DOTs and aggregate drug use by DDDs per 100 patient-days and DOTs per 100 patient-days for 6 common antifungal drugs&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:27 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Strategies to prevent and control the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in hospitals&#58; a challenge to hospital leadership"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46;A&#46; Goldmann"
                            1 => "R&#46;A&#46; Weinstein"
                            2 => "R&#46;P&#46; Wenzel"
                            3 => "O&#46;C&#46; Tablan"
                            4 => "R&#46;J&#46; Duma"
                            5 => "R&#46;P&#46; Gaynes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "275"
                        "paginaInicial" => "234"
                        "paginaFinal" => "240"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604178"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A public health action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance&#46; Part I&#46; Domestic issues"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:5 [
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "43"
                        "editorial" => "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Atlanta"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2011&#46; Annual report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network &#40;EARS-Net&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control &#40;ECDC&#41;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "editorial" => "ECDC"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Stockholm"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antibiotic consumption and resistance&#58; data from Europe and Germany"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Meyer"
                            1 => "P&#46; Gastmeier"
                            2 => "M&#46; Deja"
                            3 => "F&#46; Schwab"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.04.004"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Med Microbiol"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "303"
                        "paginaInicial" => "388"
                        "paginaFinal" => "395"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23727396"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Approaching zero&#58; temporal effects of a restrictive antibiotic policy on hospital-acquired <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clostridium difficile</span>&#44; extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing coliforms and meticillin-resistant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span>"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Dancer"
                            1 => "P&#46; Kirkpatrick"
                            2 => "D&#46;S&#46; Corcoran"
                            3 => "F&#46; Christison"
                            4 => "D&#46; Farmer"
                            5 => "C&#46; Robertson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.10.013"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Antimicrob Agents"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "41"
                        "paginaInicial" => "137"
                        "paginaFinal" => "142"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23276500"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Twenty years of antimicrobial resistance control programme in a regional multi hospital institution&#44; with focus on emerging bacteria &#40;VRE and CPE&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Fournier"
                            1 => "C&#46; Brun-Buisson"
                            2 => "V&#46; Jarlier"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/2047-2994-1-9"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "9"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22958336"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "How to measure and monitor antimicrobial consumption and resistance"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Grau"
                            1 => "G&#46; Bou"
                            2 => "E&#46; Fondevilla"
                            3 => "J&#46; Nicol&#225;s"
                            4 => "M&#46; Rodriguez-Maresca"
                            5 => "L&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Mart&#237;nez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-005X(13)70128-9"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "numero" => "Suppl&#46; 4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "16"
                        "paginaFinal" => "24"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129285"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antibiotic use in 530 French hospitals&#58; results from a surveillance network at hospital and ward levels in 2007"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Dumartin"
                            1 => "F&#46; L&#8217;Heriteau"
                            2 => "M&#46; Pefau"
                            3 => "X&#46; Bertrand"
                            4 => "P&#46; Jarno"
                            5 => "S&#46; Boussat"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/jac/dkq228"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Antimicrob Chemother"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2028"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2036"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20581121"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0022347610003197"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00223476"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An additional measure for quantifying antibiotic use in hospitals"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;M&#46; Filius"
                            1 => "T&#46;B&#46; Liem"
                            2 => "P&#46;D&#46; van der Linden"
                            3 => "R&#46; Janknegt"
                            4 => "S&#46; Natsch"
                            5 => "A&#46;G&#46; Vulto"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/jac/dki093"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Antimicrob Chemother"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "805"
                        "paginaFinal" => "808"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15814603"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Quantitative antibiotic use in hospitals&#58; comparison of measurements&#44; literature review&#44; and recommendations for a standard of reporting"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;P&#46; Kuster"
                            1 => "C&#46; Ruef"
                            2 => "B&#46; Ledergerber"
                            3 => "A&#46; Hintermann"
                            4 => "C&#46; Deplazes"
                            5 => "L&#46; Neuber"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s15010-008-7462-z"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Infection"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "549"
                        "paginaFinal" => "559"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19011740"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Increase and change in pattern of hospital antimicrobial use&#44; Denmark&#44; 1997&#8211;2001"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Muller-Pebody"
                            1 => "M&#46; Muscat"
                            2 => "B&#46; Pelle"
                            3 => "B&#46;M&#46; Klein"
                            4 => "C&#46;T&#46; Brandt"
                            5 => "D&#46;L&#46; Monnet"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/jac/dkh494"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Antimicrob Chemother"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "54"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1122"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1126"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15537692"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Problems in collecting comparable national drug use data in Europe&#58; the example of antibacterials"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Ronning"
                            1 => "H&#46;S&#46; Blix"
                            2 => "H&#46; Strom"
                            3 => "E&#46; Skovlund"
                            4 => "M&#46; Andersen"
                            5 => "R&#46;V&#46; Stichele"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00228-003-0572-8"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Clin Pharmacol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "843"
                        "paginaFinal" => "849"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12698312"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America guidelines for developing an institutional program to enhance antimicrobial stewardship"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;H&#46; Dellit"
                            1 => "R&#46;C&#46; Owens"
                            2 => "J&#46;E&#46; McGowan"
                            3 => "D&#46;N&#46; Gerding"
                            4 => "R&#46;A&#46; Weinstein"
                            5 => "J&#46;P&#46; Burke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1086/510393"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "159"
                        "paginaFinal" => "177"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17173212"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antimicrobial stewardship programme in critical care medicine&#58; a prospective interventional study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Ruiz"
                            1 => "P&#46; Ramirez"
                            2 => "M&#46; Gordon"
                            3 => "E&#46; Villarreal"
                            4 => "J&#46; Frasquet"
                            5 => "J&#46;L&#46; Poveda-Andr&#233;s"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2017.07.002"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Intensiva"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "266"
                        "paginaFinal" => "273"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28882325"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "ATC Index with DDDs"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "World Health Organization"
                            1 => "Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "editorial" => "WHO"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Oslo&#44; Norway"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Measurement of adult antibacterial drug use in 130 US Hospitals&#58; comparison of defined daily dose and days of therapy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46;E&#46; Polk"
                            1 => "C&#46; Fox"
                            2 => "A&#46; Mahoney"
                            3 => "J&#46; Letcavage"
                            4 => "C&#46; MacDou"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1086/511640"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "664"
                        "paginaFinal" => "670"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278056"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Methodological validation of monitoring indicators of antibiotics use in hospitals"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Mandy"
                            1 => "E&#46; Koutny"
                            2 => "C&#46; Cornette"
                            3 => "M&#46;C&#46; Woronoff-Lemsi"
                            4 => "D&#46; Talon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1023/b:phar.0000018595.78732.1c"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pharm World Sci"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "90"
                        "paginaFinal" => "95"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15085943"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antibiotic use in German university hospitals 1998&#8211;2000 &#40;Project INTERUNI-II&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; de With"
                            1 => "J&#46; Bergner"
                            2 => "R&#46; B&#252;hner"
                            3 => "F&#46; Dorje"
                            4 => "C&#46; Gonnermann"
                            5 => "M&#46; Haber"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.03.015"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Antimicrob Agents"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "213"
                        "paginaFinal" => "218"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15325423"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The MABUSE-INTERREGIO-II project team&#58; antibiotic use in non-university regional acute care general hospitals in southwestern Germany&#44; 2001&#8211;2002"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "W&#46;V&#46; Kern"
                            1 => "K&#46; de With"
                            2 => "M&#46; Steib-Bauert"
                            3 => "M&#46; Fellhauer"
                            4 => "A&#46; Plangger"
                            5 => "W&#46; Probst"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s15010-005-5059-3"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Infection"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "333"
                        "paginaFinal" => "339"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16258863"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pharmacokinetic&#47;pharmacodynamic considerations for the optimization of antimicrobial delivery in the critically ill"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Tsai"
                            1 => "J&#46; Lipman"
                            2 => "J&#46;A&#46; Roberts"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/MCC.0000000000000229"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Crit Care"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "412"
                        "paginaFinal" => "420"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26348420"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The effect of renal dysfunction on antimicrobial use measurements"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46;M&#46; Zagorski"
                            1 => "W&#46;E&#46; Trick"
                            2 => "D&#46;N&#46; Schwartz"
                            3 => "M&#46;F&#46; Wisniewski"
                            4 => "R&#46;C&#46; Hershow"
                            5 => "S&#46;K&#46; Fridkin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "35"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1491"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1497"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fluoroquinolone consumption and resistance in haematology-oncology patients&#58; ecological analysis in two university hospitals 1999&#8211;2002"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "W&#46;V&#46; Kern"
                            1 => "M&#46; Steib-Bauert"
                            2 => "K&#46; de With"
                            3 => "S&#46; Reuter"
                            4 => "H&#46; Bertz"
                            5 => "U&#46; Frank"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/jac/dkh510"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Antimicrob Chemother"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "57"
                        "paginaFinal" => "60"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15574472"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Discrepancies between prescribed daily doses and WHO defined daily doses of antibacterials at a university hospital"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Muller"
                            1 => "D&#46;L&#46; Monnet"
                            2 => "D&#46; Talon"
                            3 => "T&#46; H&#233;non"
                            4 => "X&#46; Bertrand"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02605.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Clin Pharmacol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "paginaInicial" => "585"
                        "paginaFinal" => "591"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16669851"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "APACHE II&#58; a severity of disease classification system"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "W&#46;A&#46; Knaus"
                            1 => "E&#46;A&#46; Draper"
                            2 => "D&#46;P&#46; Wagner"
                            3 => "J&#46;E&#46; Zimmerman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "818"
                        "paginaFinal" => "829"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3928249"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Measuring antimicrobial use&#58; the way forward"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "D&#46;L&#46; Monnet"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1086/511649"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "671"
                        "paginaFinal" => "673"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278057"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Implementing an Antibiotic Stewardship Program&#58; guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;F&#46; Barlam"
                            1 => "S&#46;E&#46; Cosgrove"
                            2 => "L&#46;M&#46; Abbo"
                            3 => "C&#46;M&#46; MacDougall"
                            4 => "A&#46;N&#46; Schuetz"
                            5 => "E&#46;J&#46; Septimus"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/cid/ciw217"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1197"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1202"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27118828"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lack of significant variability among different methods for calculating antimicrobial days of therapy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46;J&#46; Kubin"
                            1 => "H&#46; Jia"
                            2 => "L&#46;R&#46; Alba"
                            3 => "E&#46; Yoko Furuya"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1086/664770"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "421"
                        "paginaFinal" => "423"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22418642"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/02105691/0000004400000005/v1_202005280745/S0210569119301780/v1_202005280745/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "434"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Originales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02105691/0000004400000005/v1_202005280745/S0210569119301780/v1_202005280745/en/main.pdf?idApp=WMIE&text.app=https://medintensiva.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210569119301780?idApp=WMIE"
]

Información del artículo

ISSN: 02105691
Idioma original: Inglés

DOI:10.1016/j.medin.2019.06.008

Datos actualizados diariamente

año/Mes	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 Noviembre	15	13	28
2024 Octubre	401	85	486
2024 Septiembre	415	83	498
2024 Agosto	341	90	431
2024 Julio	322	74	396
2024 Junio	266	67	333
2024 Mayo	227	68	295
2024 Abril	227	64	291
2024 Marzo	249	59	308
2024 Febrero	201	62	263
2024 Enero	353	42	395
2023 Diciembre	298	58	356
2023 Noviembre	298	75	373
2023 Octubre	338	71	409
2023 Septiembre	336	61	397
2023 Agosto	249	28	277
2023 Julio	363	43	406
2023 Junio	307	43	350
2023 Mayo	373	54	427
2023 Abril	266	40	306
2023 Marzo	369	69	438
2023 Febrero	271	66	337
2023 Enero	261	63	324
2022 Diciembre	240	60	300
2022 Noviembre	308	88	396
2022 Octubre	334	64	398
2022 Septiembre	340	73	413
2022 Agosto	362	103	465
2022 Julio	333	69	402
2022 Junio	328	60	388
2022 Mayo	344	67	411
2022 Abril	344	62	406
2022 Marzo	387	110	497
2022 Febrero	365	66	431
2022 Enero	309	63	372
2021 Diciembre	321	85	406
2021 Noviembre	357	80	437
2021 Octubre	383	126	509
2021 Septiembre	299	67	366
2021 Agosto	351	72	423
2021 Julio	298	79	377
2021 Junio	303	69	372
2021 Mayo	343	113	456
2021 Abril	816	162	978
2021 Marzo	608	77	685
2021 Febrero	433	82	515
2021 Enero	333	53	386
2020 Diciembre	351	80	431
2020 Noviembre	216	79	295
2020 Octubre	89	36	125
2020 Septiembre	3	0	3
2020 Agosto	5	3	8
2020 Julio	111	19	130
2020 Junio	184	76	260
2020 Mayo	140	52	192
2020 Abril	109	44	153
2020 Marzo	1	2	3
2020 Febrero	1	2	3
2019 Noviembre	1	2	3
2019 Septiembre	11	5	16

Mostrar todo

Indexada en:

Síguenos:

Suscribirse:

Estadísticas

Indexada en:

Síguenos:

Suscribirse:

Estadísticas

Suscríbase a la newsletter