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severity of ARDS is classified into 3 categories &#40;mild&#44; moderate&#44; and severe&#41; based on the arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen &#40;PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; ratio&#44; with a minimum positive end-expiratory pressure &#40;PEEP&#41; level of 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> These criteria have been useful for designing clinical trials and observational studies&#44; as well as for improving clinical decision-makings and therapeutic interventions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio has some limitations for assessing ARDS severity&#46; 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PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio is not always linked to mortality in patients with ARDS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recently&#44; Sayed and coworkers proposed a novel criterion to address Berlin definition gap by including PEEP in the new index named P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span>&#44; defined as PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;&#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#41;&#46; The increase the PEEP level with the same FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> yields different degree of blood oxygenation&#46; By using machine learning approaches&#44; the authors demonstrated that the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index after onset and at third day is markedly better than the current PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio to assess ARDS severity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index on mortality of patients with ARDS&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Patients and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Design and setting</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The current study is presented as stated by The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology &#40;STROBE&#41; Statement &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary material 1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> This is a retrospective cohort study of patients collected between January 2018 and December 2020 in the medical and surgical ICU-8 of the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital&#46; This is a 640-bed&#44; university-affiliated&#44; tertiary referral hospital in Havana&#44; Cuba&#46; The ICU-8 has 12 beds and provides care for approximately 300&#8211;350 critically ill patients per year&#46; Information regarding origin&#44; demography&#44; epidemiology&#44; chronic comorbidities&#44; clinical status&#44; laboratory tests&#44; image results&#44; and outcomes of all patients were recorded in the ICU-8 database by the attending physician day by day from patients&#8217; admission until discharge or death&#46; Quality of data was daily verified by a supervisor physician&#46; A complete list of data used for this study is provided in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary material 2</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The current study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration&#44; and was approved by the Scientific Council and the Ethics Committee for Scientific Research of the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital &#40;Approval number 01-10-06-2021&#41;&#46; Written informed consent was waived in view of retrospective nature of the study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Subjects</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All consecutive subjects with ARDS admitted to ICU were included&#46; The following subjects were excluded&#58; 1&#46; Subjects without invasive mechanical ventilation &#40;IMV&#41;&#44; because failure in noninvasive respiratory support therapies may have a negative impact on outcomes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a>&#59; 2&#46; Subjects with duration of IMV &#8804;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h to improve ARDS classification&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;9&#44;10&#44;14</span></a> and avoid confounders related to systemic pathophysiological disturbances of the acutely ill patients&#59; 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or severe ARDS &#40;PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio &#8804;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41; in line with the Berlin definition&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> According to P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; patients were classified as mild &#40;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#41;&#44; moderate &#40;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41; or severe ARDS &#40;P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> All cases had PEEP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#59; minimal PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index values were used because minimal values during the day might better predict mortality&#46; Diagnosis and severity of ARDS along with decision-making for therapeutic interventions were collectively taken by the physician team of the ICU &#40;all of them blinded to the study objective&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Ventilatory management</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ventilatory adjustments of patients were left to the attending physician&#44; but by using a protective approach&#46; For patients with PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#44; prone positioning&#44; lung recruitment maneuvers&#44; higher PEEP&#44; and neuromuscular blocking agents were considered&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Sedative and analgesic drugs were used as needed&#46; Ventilatory settings and arterial blood gases on day 1 and day 3 are depicted in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary Table 1 &#40;Supplementary material 3&#41;</a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Outcomes</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primary outcome of interest was the hospital mortality&#46; Secondary outcomes were ICU mortality&#44; duration of IMV&#44; length of ICU stay&#44; and length of hospitalization&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Study objective was unknown for attending physicians&#44; nurses and patients&#44; which allowed to minimize the following sources of biases&#58; 1&#46; Over or underreport of ARDS&#59; 2&#46; Selective ICU admission of patients with ARDS&#59; 3&#46; Selective detection of ICU-acquired ARDS&#59; and 4&#46; Selective use of any therapeutic intervention with impact on clinical outcomes&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assuming hospital mortality rates of 20&#37; in mild ARDS patients and 40&#37; in severe ARDS patients on 3 day after starting IMV&#44; as previously reported by Sayed and coworkers using large datasets&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> with a statistical power of 80&#37; and two-side confidence level of 95&#37;&#44; we calculated a sample size of 166 patients&#46; Finally&#44; we enrolled 217 patients&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multiple imputation method was used for treating missing values&#46; Categorical variables are shown as absolute numbers with percentage&#44; whereas numerical variables are represented as median with 25&#8211;75 interquartile rank &#40;IQR&#41;&#46; Differences between groups were assessed using chi-square test for categorical variables and Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test for continuous variables&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the impact of ventilatory settings and respiratory indexes on primary outcome&#46; Model assumptions were verified&#46; To avoid collinearity&#44; after checking the correlation matrix&#44; only weakly correlated and clinically significant covariates were included&#46; SOFA score was included as a covariate in order to interpret results in a valid clinical scenario&#46; Two models were explored&#44; the first used the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio as a covariate&#44; and the second used the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The area under receiver operating characteristic curve &#40;AROC&#41; and the correlation between the predicted and actual value &#40;CORR&#41; were used to assess the performance of the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index in predicting hospital mortality&#46; For assessment the incremental value of the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index compared to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#44; the quantitative net reclassification improvement &#40;qNRI&#44; for quantifying the amount of correct change in predicting hospital mortality by using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index relative to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#41; and the integrated discrimination improvement &#40;IDI&#44; for quantifying the increase in separation of events and nonevents of death by using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index relative to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#41; with its 95&#37; confidence interval &#40;CI&#41; were estimated&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statistical tests with a two-tailed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value &#60;0&#46;05 were considered as significant&#46; Data were analyzed using IBM&#174;SPSS&#174; Statistics 23&#46;0 &#40;IBM&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Results</span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Characteristics of patients</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the 217 studied patients&#44; the most common chronic comorbidities were hypertension&#44; cancer&#44; and immunoincompetence&#46; The main reasons for ICU admission were acute respiratory failure&#44; shock&#44; and disturbed consciousness&#46; Nonsurgical and surgical patients accounted for 61&#46;8&#37; and 38&#46;2&#37; of participants&#44; respectively&#46; The median SOFA score was 8&#46;0 points&#44; and the median SAPS 3 score was 55&#46;0 points&#46; During the ICU stay&#44; vasoactive drugs were used in 36&#46;4&#37; of patients&#46; ICU and hospital mortality rates were 41&#46;0&#37; and 59&#46;9&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; History of cardiovascular diseases&#44; type of patient&#44; and SOFA score were associated with hospital mortality in univariate analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pneumonia&#44; noncardiogenic shock&#44; and extrapulmonary sepsis were the most common risk factors for ARDS&#46; ICU-acquired ARDS accounted for 22&#46;9&#37; of subjects and was related to increased mortality &#40;13&#46;8&#37; vs&#46; 28&#46;5&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;011&#41;&#46; General characteristics of patients are depicted in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Relationship of ventilatory settings and arterial blood gases with hospital mortality is illustrated in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary Tables 2 and 3 &#40;see Supplementary material 3&#41;</a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">ARDS severity classification</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The median PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index on first day after starting IMV was 187&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg &#40;IQR 117&#46;3&#8211;221&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41; and 21&#46;6 &#40;IQR 10&#46;2&#8211;33&#46;2&#41;&#44; respectively&#46; On third day&#44; the median value of PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio was 222&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg &#40;IQR 176&#46;7&#8211;297&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41; and the median value of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index was 23&#46;3 &#40;IQR 15&#46;8&#8211;37&#46;5&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio on day 1&#44; 30&#46;9&#37;&#44; 46&#46;5&#37;&#44; and 22&#46;6&#37; of patients had a mild&#44; moderate&#44; and severe ARDS&#44; respectively&#59; on day 3&#44; 23&#46;0&#37; of patients were free of ARDS while patients with mild&#44; moderate&#44; and severe ARDS accounted for 42&#46;4&#37;&#44; 31&#46;3&#37;&#44; and 3&#46;2&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; Using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index on day 1&#44; patients with mild&#44; moderate&#44; and severe ARDS accounted for 18&#46;0&#37;&#44; 39&#46;6&#37;&#44; and 42&#46;4&#37;&#44; respectively&#59; on day 3&#44; 6&#46;5&#37; of patients were free of ARDS&#44; whereas 14&#46;3&#37;&#44; 40&#46;6&#37;&#44; and 38&#46;7&#37; had a mild&#44; moderate&#44; and severe ARDS&#44; respectively&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A number of patients were reclassified into a different category of ARDS severity by using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index &#40;31&#46;8&#37; on day 1 and 77&#46;0&#37; on day 3&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Of note&#44; 72&#37; of patients without ARDS by the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio on day 3 remained with ARDS by using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Severity of ARDS was linked to a higher PEEP level&#59; however&#44; the level of PEEP was lower by the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index-based ARDS severity than using the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio-based ARDS severity &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">ARDS severity and outcomes</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index was related to mortality both on day 1 and day 3 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary figure 1&#44; Supplementary material 3</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; on multivariate analyses only the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index was consistently associated with hospital mortality &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; Driving pressure&#44; tidal volume&#47;PBW and SOFA score were also independent risk factors related to increased mortality &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The capability of the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index for predicting hospital mortality improved from day 1 to day 3&#46; Nonetheless&#44; the performance of the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index was superior to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio in term of AROC &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1</span> 0&#46;72 vs&#46; 0&#46;62&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3</span> 0&#46;87 vs&#46; 0&#46;68&#41; and CORR &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1</span> 0&#46;370 vs&#46; 0&#46;213&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3</span> 0&#46;634 vs&#46; 0&#46;301&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary figure 2&#44; Supplementary material 3</a>&#41;&#46; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index improved the prediction of risk of death compared to PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio as showed by the qNRI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1</span> 72&#46;0&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3</span> 132&#46;4&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41; and IDI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1</span> 0&#46;09&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;06&#8211;0&#46;12&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3</span> 0&#46;31&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;26&#8211;0&#46;35&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary figures 3 and 4&#44; Supplementary material 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0170">Discussion</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study found that 31&#46;8&#37; of patients with ARDS on day 1 and 77&#46;0&#37; on day 3 were reclassified into a different category of ARDS severity using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#46; The performance for predicting hospital mortality increased with the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; compared to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#46; The P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index and ventilatory settings&#44; such as tidal volume and driving pressure&#44; were independently related to increased mortality in multivariate analysis&#46; ARDS severity stratification improved on third day after ARDS diagnosis&#46; Mean PEEP level was lower when ARDS severity was categorized according to the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index rather than the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to overcome the gap of the Berlin criteria&#44; Sayed et al&#46; recently proposed the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> to &#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#41; ratio&#44; named P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; as a novel criterion to reclassify ARDS patients in terms of severity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Improvement of ARDS severity classification is essential for current critical care medicine since misclassification may lead to errors in clinical judgment and decision-making&#46; For instance&#44; we found that a number of patients were reclassified in a higher category of ARDS severity using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; whereas 72&#46;0&#37; of patients without ARDS on day 3 according to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio truly had ARDS by the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#46; Recently&#44; Palanidurai et al&#46; observed that more than half of the patients were reclassified into a different severity category of ARDS by the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; compared to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#46; These similar results indicate that changes in severity classification with the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index reflect the true severity of ARDS and the applied PEEP strategy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Under-recognition of ARDS is a common and serious problem with important clinical consequences&#44; particularly in terms of therapeutic options not considered&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> The LUNG SAFE study demonstrated that the diagnosis of ARDS is delayed or missed in 40&#37; of patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index is able to identify patients with ARDS who would not be classified with ARDS according to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#44; and is also a better predictor of mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Therefore&#44; by using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index clinicians may implement strategies to improve mortality such as optimal PEEP&#44; lower FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; prone positioning and the use of neuromuscular blocking agents&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PEEP is a confounder in clinical practice since optimal PEEP is difficult to obtain through several methods&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> and clinicians commonly prescribes high PEEP in patients with adequate oxygenation goals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;22</span></a> Clinical interpretation of the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio may be biased by nonpulmonary factors such as hemoglobin concentration and arterial-venous oxygen content difference&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Consequently&#44; oxygen toxicity with adverse impact on outcomes may be developed due to excess FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index is attractive because physicians can achieve the best combination of FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and PEEP to reach adequate oxygenation&#46; In our cohort&#44; the frequency of prone positioning was similar to that reported in epidemiologic studies while infusion of neuromuscular blocking agents was lower&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> However&#44; the use of these drugs is controversial because of its side effects and unclear benefits<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#59; currently they are indicated only for the treatment of ventilatory asynchrony&#44; supporting pronation&#44; or assuring protective ventilation goals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our findings demonstrated the clinical validity of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#46; The better performance&#44; compared to PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#44; shows the usefulness of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index in predicting mortality&#46; Palanidurai et al&#46; also found that P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index has a greater predictive validity for predicting hospital mortality in ARDS patients than the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> In fact&#44; the AROC for P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index &#40;0&#46;71 vs&#46; 0&#46;72&#41; and PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio &#40;0&#46;66 vs&#46; 0&#46;62&#41; was similar to the present study&#44; which supports external validity of our results&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ARDS is one of the major reasons of ICU admission&#44; and continues to have high mortality rates despite advances in supportive care&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;26</span></a> Ventilatory support is the keystone in the management of patients with ARDS&#44; but ventilatory setting may have an impact on outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Since tidal volume and driving pressure&#44; along with the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; were related to increased mortality in multivariate analysis&#44; our findings suggest that the negative effect of ventilatory variables remains unchanged through the course of the disease&#44; which is in line with recent evidences&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29</span></a> Additionally&#44; the relationship between the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index with mortality explains ARDS severity&#44; but also the potentially harmful effects of PEEP&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study confirmed that ARDS severity stratification is improved on third day after ARDS diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;10</span></a> Lai et al&#46; demonstrated that the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio after a period of stabilization may be a more appropriate predictor of mortality than the initial PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio at the onset of ARDS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Chiu et al&#46; found that patients with resolved or improving ARDS severity on day 3 had lower mortality&#44; whereas patients with the same or worsening ARDS severity on day 3 had higher mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Apparently&#44; patients need to be exposed to a sufficient period of time for response to medical therapies and adjusted IMV settings before being classified&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We found that a lower mean PEEP was used in all class of ARDS severity when patients were stratified by P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; which might reduce the risk of excess PEEP&#46; Palanidurai et al&#46; observed that the predictive validity of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index improved with progressively higher levels of PEEP&#44; indicative of the negative effects of higher PEEP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> PEEP is not considered for ARDS severity evaluation by the Berlin definition&#46; Adding PEEP to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio takes into consideration the respiratory system compliance and lung recruitment&#46; Furthermore&#44; by using PEEP as a quantitative variable&#44; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index conserves information and improves accuracy of estimations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> However&#44; although PEEP increases functional residual capacity and improves blood oxygenation&#44; tissue oxygen delivery decreases because of reduced cardiac output&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> PEEP also increases the risk of volutrauma and ventilator-induced lung injury&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> causing increased mortality when a high-PEEP strategy is used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has a number of strengths&#46; First&#44; the study was conducted in a center with high standard of health care and in an ICU with qualified intensivists 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h a day&#44; seven days a week&#46; Second&#44; potential sources of bias were reduced&#44; which lend additional strength to our analysis&#46; Third&#44; this is a well-powered study with a representative sample size so estimation errors were minimized&#46; Fourth&#44; by multivariate analysis we were able to control for potential confounders including ventilatory setting&#44; and severity of illness&#46; Fifth&#44; the LUNG SAFE study showed that most ARDS patients are not ventilated using a protective ventilation approach&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> We reached ventilatory goals on day 3&#44; which indicates an improvement in quality of ventilatory management according to current recommendations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;29</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are several limitations of our study&#46; First&#44; this is an observational study from a single center&#44; thus results may not be representative of other institutions or regions&#46; Second&#44; a mixed cohort of surgical and nonsurgical patients with several clinical and pathophysiological disorders were analyzed&#44; which could have effects on outcomes&#46; Indeed&#44; hospital mortality rate was higher than reported in recent epidemiologic studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Since our hospital is a national referral center&#44; case-mix of patients with more severe diseases were more likely included compared with community-based hospitals&#46; Compared with patients enrolled in the LUNG SAFE study&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> our analyzed patients had more chronic diseases including immunoincompetence&#44; cardiovascular disease&#44; and cancer&#44; and had a higher rate of extrapulmonary sepsis and noncardiogenic shock&#44; all which may explain the higher mortality rate observed in the study&#46; Third&#44; trauma patients were not included in the study so results cannot be applied to this type of patients&#46; Fourth&#44; several phenotypes and subphenotypes have been recognized in ARDS patients with impact on outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36</span></a> In the present study&#44; analyses were not stratified according to ARDS phenotypes&#59; consequently&#44; further studies are required to define the effects of the interaction or association of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index-based ARDS severity and ARDS phenotypes&#44; as well as its clinical implications&#44; which opens a new agenda of work for future researches&#46; Finally&#44; we explored ARDS severity within the first 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after starting IMV&#44; and the clinical course of patients beyond this period of time may affect outcomes&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; assessment of ARDS severity based on P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index is better than current PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> criteria for predicting mortality&#44; especially on third day after starting IMV&#46; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index is easy to use at the bedside by involving information of the two therapeutic strategies used for managing hypoxemia such as FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and PEEP&#46; We recommend further clinical trials to clarify the advantages of ARDS severity classification based on P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index for clinical decision-making&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0175">Author&#39;s contributions</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FDMB contributed in the concepts&#44; design&#44; definition of intellectual content&#44; literature search&#44; clinical studies&#44; data acquisition&#44; data analysis&#44; statistical analysis&#44; manuscript preparation&#44; manuscript editing&#44; and manuscript review&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">REM and VOR contributed in the design&#44; definition of intellectual content&#44; clinical studies&#44; data acquisition&#44; manuscript editing&#44; and manuscript review&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">TTS contributed in the literature search&#44; manuscript preparation&#44; manuscript editing&#44; and manuscript review&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0180">Funding</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public&#44; commercial&#44; or not-for-profit sectors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0185">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no competing interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            0 => "Acute respiratory distress syndrome&#47;classification"
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            0 => "S&#237;ndrome de distr&#233;s respiratorio agudo&#47;clasificaci&#243;n"
            1 => "S&#237;ndrome de distr&#233;s respiratorio agudo&#47;diagn&#243;stico"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate the impact of the novel P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index to classify ARDS severity on mortality of patients with ARDS&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Design</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective cohort study&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Setting</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Twelve-bed medical and surgical intensive care unit from January 2018 to December 2020&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Patients</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 217 ARDS patients managed with invasive mechanical ventilation &#62;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Interventions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Variables</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ARDS severity on day 1 and day 3 was measured based on PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index &#91;PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;&#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#41;&#93;&#46; Primary outcome was the hospital mortality&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hospital mortality rate was 59&#46;9&#37;&#46; Relative to PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#44; 31&#46;8&#37; of patients on day 1 and 77&#46;0&#37; on day 3 were reclassified into a different category of ARDS severity by P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#46; The level of PEEP was lower by P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index-based ARDS severity classification than by using PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#46; The performance for predicting mortality of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index was superior to PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio in term of AROC &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1&#58;</span> 0&#46;72 vs&#46; 0&#46;62&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3&#58;</span> 0&#46;87 vs&#46; 0&#46;68&#41; and CORR &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1&#58;</span> 0&#46;370 vs&#46; 0&#46;213&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3&#58;</span> 0&#46;634 vs&#46; 0&#46;301&#41;&#46; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index improved prediction of risk of death compared to PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio as showed by the qNRI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1&#58;</span> 72&#46;0&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3&#58;</span> 132&#46;4&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41; and IDI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1&#58;</span> 0&#46;09&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3&#58;</span> 0&#46;31&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Assessment of ARDS severity based on P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index seems better than PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio for predicting mortality&#46; The value of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index for clinical decision-making requires confirmation by randomized controlled trials&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar el impacto del &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> para clasificar la severidad del SDRA y su relaci&#243;n con la mortalidad&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Contexto</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Unidad de cuidados intensivos polivalentes de 12 camas desde enero de 2018 hasta diciembre de 2020&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Pacientes</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudi&#243; a 217 pacientes con SDRA con ventilaci&#243;n invasiva<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>48 horas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Intervenciones</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ninguna&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Variables</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La severidad del SDRA se evalu&#243; el primer y el tercer d&#237;a&#44; seg&#250;n el &#237;ndice PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> y el &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> &#40;PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;&#91;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#93;&#41;&#46; El desenlace primario evaluado fue la mortalidad hospitalaria&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Resultados</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La mortalidad hospitalaria fue 59&#44;9&#37;&#46; Con relaci&#243;n al &#237;ndice PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; el 31&#44;8&#37; de los pacientes el d&#237;a 1 y el 77&#44;0&#37; el d&#237;a 3 fue reclasificado en categor&#237;as diferentes de severidad del SDRA mediante el &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span>&#46; El nivel de PEEP fue m&#225;s bajo con el uso del &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> que con el PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#46; La predicci&#243;n de la mortalidad fue superior con el &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> que con PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; en t&#233;rminos de AROC &#40;d&#237;a 1&#58; 0&#44;72 vs&#46; 0&#44;62&#59; d&#237;a 3&#58; 0&#44;87 vs&#46; 0&#44;68&#41; y CORR &#40;d&#237;a 1&#58; 0&#44;370 vs&#46; 0&#44;213&#59; d&#237;a 3&#58; 0&#44;634 vs&#46; 0&#44;301&#41;&#46; El &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> mejor&#243; la predicci&#243;n del riesgo de muerte comparado con el PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; como demuestra el qNRI &#40;d&#237;a 1&#58; 72&#44;0&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#59; d&#237;a 3&#58; 132&#44;4&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41; y el IDI &#40;d&#237;a 1&#58; 0&#44;09&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#59; d&#237;a 3&#58; 0&#44;31&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La evaluaci&#243;n de severidad del SDRA mediante el &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> parece ser mejor que la del &#237;ndice PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> para predecir la mortalidad&#46; El valor del P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> para la toma de decisiones cl&#237;nicas requiere confirmaci&#243;n mediante ensayos cl&#237;nicos&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Intervenciones"
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          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0070"
            "titulo" => "Variables"
          ]
          6 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0075"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          7 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0080"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "apendice" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following are the supplementary data to this article&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0015"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Supplementary data"
            "identificador" => "sec0095"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:9 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2113
            "Ancho" => 2508
            "Tamanyo" => 152898
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow diagram of participants &#40;dates of inclusion&#58; between January 2018 and December 2020&#41;&#46; ARDS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>acute respiratory distress syndrome&#59; ICU<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>intensive care unit&#59; IMV<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>invasive mechanical ventilation&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1423
            "Ancho" => 3341
            "Tamanyo" => 315451
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Agreement in classification of ARDS severity using PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index on day 1 &#40;A&#41; and day 3 &#40;B&#41;&#46; Blue boxes represent patients whose categories remained unchanged&#46; Red boxes represent patients who were reclassified to a more severe category&#46; Green boxes represent patients who were reclassified to a milder category&#46; P&#47;F<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#59; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;&#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2750
            "Ancho" => 3341
            "Tamanyo" => 416872
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between PEEP level and ARDS severity according to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio at day 1 &#40;pictures A&#41; and day 3 &#40;picture C&#41;&#44; and the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index at day 1 &#40;pictures B&#41; and day 3 &#40;picture D&#41;&#46; ARDS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>acute respiratory distress syndrome&#59; PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio&#59; PEEP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>positive end-expiratory pressure&#59; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;&#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
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        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as the number &#40;&#37;&#41; or the median &#40;interquartile range&#41;&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-values are calculated using the Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables&#46;</p><p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ARDS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>acute respiratory distress syndrome&#59; ICU<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>intensive care unit&#59; MV<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>invasive mechanical ventilation&#59; SAPS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Simplified Acute Physiology Score&#59; SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sequential Organ Failure Assessment&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>217&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Survivors &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Nonsurvivors &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age&#44; years</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">63&#46;0 &#40;53&#46;0&#8211;73&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">62&#46;0 &#40;51&#46;5&#8211;72&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">64&#46;5 &#40;54&#46;0&#8211;73&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;261&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex&#44; male</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">103 &#40;47&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;51&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">58 &#40;44&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;304&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Body mass index&#44; kg&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#46;0 &#40;24&#46;1&#8211;27&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25&#46;4 &#40;24&#46;3&#8211;27&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">24&#46;8 &#40;23&#46;5&#8211;27&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;444&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Chronic diseases</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic respiratory disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;16&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;11&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;19&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;129&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes mellitus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;22&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;18&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;24&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;279&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Immunoincompetence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64 &#40;29&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;24&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43 &#40;3&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;157&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High blood pressure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">128 &#40;59&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;48&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86 &#40;66&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Coronary artery disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;17&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;10&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;22&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;023&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other cardiovascular disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;15&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;9&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;19&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;044&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">82 &#40;37&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;34&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;40&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;411&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic kidney disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;11&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;9&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;13&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;380&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic liver disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;5&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;5&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Length of stay before ICU admission&#44; days</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;0 &#40;3&#46;0&#8211;16&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;0 &#40;2&#46;0&#8211;14&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;0 &#40;3&#46;0&#8211;16&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;461&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reason for ICU admission</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Acute respiratory failure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">180 &#40;82&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">77 &#40;88&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">103 &#40;79&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;075&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Shock&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64 &#40;29&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;26&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">41 &#40;31&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;419&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rhythm disturbances&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;264&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Acute abdomen&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;9&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;8&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;10&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;626&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Severe acute pancreatitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;997&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Disturbed consciousness&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;22&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;23&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;22&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;906&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Intracranial mass effect&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;11&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;16&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;7&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;053&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Liver failure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Type of patient</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Nonsurgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">90 &#40;69&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Elective surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;12&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emergency surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;21&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SAPS 3 score&#44; points</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SOFA score&#44; points</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;0 &#40;6&#46;0&#8211;11&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Risk factor for ARDS</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pneumonia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">88 &#40;40&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;46&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;36&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;183&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Extrapulmonary sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">67 &#40;30&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;27&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">43 &#40;33&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;391&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aspiration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;6&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;9&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;278&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Noncardiogenic shock&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;34&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;35&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">44 &#40;33&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;786&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Blood transfusion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;320&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Drug overdose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;2&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;083&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other risk factor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;4&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No risk factor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;047&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;213&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;69&#8211;2&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Model including P&#47;FP</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">index &#40;day 1&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Driving pressure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;29&#8211;1&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#47;PBW&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;30&#8211;7&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory rate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;00&#8211;1&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;051&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;89&#8211;0&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SOFA score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;70&#8211;3&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Model including PaO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;FiO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ratio &#40;day 3&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Driving pressure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;06&#8211;1&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;015&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#47;PBW&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;17&#8211;12&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;027&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory rate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;00&#8211;1&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;054&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;994&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;989&#8211;1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;048&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SOFA score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;92&#8211;3&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Model including P&#47;FP</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">index &#40;day 3&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Driving pressure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;13&#8211;1&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#47;PBW&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;21&#8211;23&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;027&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory rate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;99&#8211;1&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;071&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;83&#8211;0&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SOFA score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Cardinal-Fern&#225;ndez"
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                            3 => "B&#46;T&#46; Thompson"
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Original article
Prognostic value of the novel P/FPE index to classify ARDS severity: A cohort study
Valor pronóstico del nuevo índice P/FPE para clasificar la severidad del SDRA: Estudio de cohorte
F.D. Martos-Beníteza,
Autor para correspondencia
fdmartos@infomed.sld.cu

Corresponding author.
, R. Estévez-Muguerciaa, V. Orama-Requejob, T. del Toro-Simonic
a Intensive Care Unit – 8, Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, Havana 10400, Cuba
b Intermediate Care Unit, Hospital of Palamos, Palamos 17230, Spain
c Intensive Care Unit, Manuel Ascunce Domenech Hospital, Camagüey 70600, Cuba
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow diagram of participants &#40;dates of inclusion&#58; between January 2018 and December 2020&#41;&#46; ARDS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>acute respiratory distress syndrome&#59; ICU<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>intensive care unit&#59; IMV<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>invasive mechanical ventilation&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acute respiratory distress syndrome &#40;ARDS&#41; is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by an acute inflammation&#44; increased permeability&#44; and edema of the lung tissue&#44; with a typical histological hallmark of diffuse alveolar damage&#44; leading to alveolar collapse and a severe impairment in oxygen diffusion&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> ARDS accounts for 10&#37; of intensive care unit &#40;ICU&#41; admissions and 23&#37; of patients receiving mechanical ventilation&#44; with a mortality rate that ranges from 35&#37; in mild cases to 46&#37; in severe cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> According to the Berlin definition&#44; severity of ARDS is classified into 3 categories &#40;mild&#44; moderate&#44; and severe&#41; based on the arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen &#40;PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; ratio&#44; with a minimum positive end-expiratory pressure &#40;PEEP&#41; level of 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> These criteria have been useful for designing clinical trials and observational studies&#44; as well as for improving clinical decision-makings and therapeutic interventions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio has some limitations for assessing ARDS severity&#46; First&#44; PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio is affected by ventilatory setting such as PEEP and inspiratory&#47;expiratory time ratio&#46; Villar et al&#46; improved ARDS risk stratification using standard ventilatory settings &#40;PEEP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O and FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;5&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> Second&#44; PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio may change over time&#46; A number of authors found a better mortality prediction by patients&#8217; reclassification &#8805;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after ARDS onset&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;7</span></a> And third&#44; PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio is not always linked to mortality in patients with ARDS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recently&#44; Sayed and coworkers proposed a novel criterion to address Berlin definition gap by including PEEP in the new index named P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span>&#44; defined as PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;&#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#41;&#46; The increase the PEEP level with the same FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> yields different degree of blood oxygenation&#46; By using machine learning approaches&#44; the authors demonstrated that the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index after onset and at third day is markedly better than the current PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio to assess ARDS severity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index on mortality of patients with ARDS&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Patients and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Design and setting</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The current study is presented as stated by The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology &#40;STROBE&#41; Statement &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary material 1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> This is a retrospective cohort study of patients collected between January 2018 and December 2020 in the medical and surgical ICU-8 of the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital&#46; This is a 640-bed&#44; university-affiliated&#44; tertiary referral hospital in Havana&#44; Cuba&#46; The ICU-8 has 12 beds and provides care for approximately 300&#8211;350 critically ill patients per year&#46; Information regarding origin&#44; demography&#44; epidemiology&#44; chronic comorbidities&#44; clinical status&#44; laboratory tests&#44; image results&#44; and outcomes of all patients were recorded in the ICU-8 database by the attending physician day by day from patients&#8217; admission until discharge or death&#46; Quality of data was daily verified by a supervisor physician&#46; A complete list of data used for this study is provided in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary material 2</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The current study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration&#44; and was approved by the Scientific Council and the Ethics Committee for Scientific Research of the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital &#40;Approval number 01-10-06-2021&#41;&#46; Written informed consent was waived in view of retrospective nature of the study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Subjects</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All consecutive subjects with ARDS admitted to ICU were included&#46; The following subjects were excluded&#58; 1&#46; Subjects without invasive mechanical ventilation &#40;IMV&#41;&#44; because failure in noninvasive respiratory support therapies may have a negative impact on outcomes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a>&#59; 2&#46; Subjects with duration of IMV &#8804;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h to improve ARDS classification&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;9&#44;10&#44;14</span></a> and avoid confounders related to systemic pathophysiological disturbances of the acutely ill patients&#59; and 3&#46; Subjects on IMV before ARDS onset&#44; since several clinical&#44; therapeutic&#44; and ventilatory setting confounders may contribute for developing ARDS in subjects previously intubated for other reasons and may have effects on outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a> Finally&#44; 217 subjects were analyzed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Data collection</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following data were recorded on ICU admission&#58; age&#44; sex&#44; body mass index&#44; predictive body weight &#40;PBW&#41;&#44; history of chronic diseases&#44; length of hospitalization before ICU admission&#44; reason for ICU admission&#44; type of patient&#44; Simplified Acute Physiology Score &#40;SAPS&#41; 3&#44; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment &#40;SOFA&#41; score&#44; and use and dose of vasoactive drugs&#46; Within 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after starting IMV the following variables were collected&#58; ventilatory setting &#40;ventilatory mode&#44; peak inspiratory pressure&#44; plateau pressure&#44; mean pressure&#44; PEEP&#44; driving pressure&#44; tidal volume&#44; tidal volume&#47;PBW&#44; respiratory rate&#44; minute ventilation&#44; standardized minute ventilation&#44; static compliance&#44; and FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41;&#44; recruitment maneuvers&#44; prone positioning&#44; infusion of neuromuscular blocking agents&#44; pH and blood gases parameters &#40;hemoglobin oxygen saturation&#44; arterial partial pressure of oxygen&#44; arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide&#41;&#46; Risk factors for ARDS were collected on ARDS diagnosis&#46; ICU-acquired ARDS was defined as ARDS onset &#62;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after ICU admission&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">ARDS severity evaluation</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Severity of ARDS was assessed on day 1 &#40;within 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after starting IMV&#41; and day 3 &#40;within 48&#8211;72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after starting IMV&#41; with the patient in supine position&#46; All subjects were stratified into mild &#40;200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41;&#44; moderate &#40;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41; or severe ARDS &#40;PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio &#8804;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41; in line with the Berlin definition&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> According to P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; patients were classified as mild &#40;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#41;&#44; moderate &#40;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41; or severe ARDS &#40;P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> All cases had PEEP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#59; minimal PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index values were used because minimal values during the day might better predict mortality&#46; Diagnosis and severity of ARDS along with decision-making for therapeutic interventions were collectively taken by the physician team of the ICU &#40;all of them blinded to the study objective&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Ventilatory management</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ventilatory adjustments of patients were left to the attending physician&#44; but by using a protective approach&#46; For patients with PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#44; prone positioning&#44; lung recruitment maneuvers&#44; higher PEEP&#44; and neuromuscular blocking agents were considered&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Sedative and analgesic drugs were used as needed&#46; Ventilatory settings and arterial blood gases on day 1 and day 3 are depicted in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary Table 1 &#40;Supplementary material 3&#41;</a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Outcomes</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primary outcome of interest was the hospital mortality&#46; Secondary outcomes were ICU mortality&#44; duration of IMV&#44; length of ICU stay&#44; and length of hospitalization&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Study objective was unknown for attending physicians&#44; nurses and patients&#44; which allowed to minimize the following sources of biases&#58; 1&#46; Over or underreport of ARDS&#59; 2&#46; Selective ICU admission of patients with ARDS&#59; 3&#46; Selective detection of ICU-acquired ARDS&#59; and 4&#46; Selective use of any therapeutic intervention with impact on clinical outcomes&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assuming hospital mortality rates of 20&#37; in mild ARDS patients and 40&#37; in severe ARDS patients on 3 day after starting IMV&#44; as previously reported by Sayed and coworkers using large datasets&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> with a statistical power of 80&#37; and two-side confidence level of 95&#37;&#44; we calculated a sample size of 166 patients&#46; Finally&#44; we enrolled 217 patients&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multiple imputation method was used for treating missing values&#46; Categorical variables are shown as absolute numbers with percentage&#44; whereas numerical variables are represented as median with 25&#8211;75 interquartile rank &#40;IQR&#41;&#46; Differences between groups were assessed using chi-square test for categorical variables and Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test for continuous variables&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the impact of ventilatory settings and respiratory indexes on primary outcome&#46; Model assumptions were verified&#46; To avoid collinearity&#44; after checking the correlation matrix&#44; only weakly correlated and clinically significant covariates were included&#46; SOFA score was included as a covariate in order to interpret results in a valid clinical scenario&#46; Two models were explored&#44; the first used the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio as a covariate&#44; and the second used the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The area under receiver operating characteristic curve &#40;AROC&#41; and the correlation between the predicted and actual value &#40;CORR&#41; were used to assess the performance of the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index in predicting hospital mortality&#46; For assessment the incremental value of the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index compared to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#44; the quantitative net reclassification improvement &#40;qNRI&#44; for quantifying the amount of correct change in predicting hospital mortality by using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index relative to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#41; and the integrated discrimination improvement &#40;IDI&#44; for quantifying the increase in separation of events and nonevents of death by using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index relative to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#41; with its 95&#37; confidence interval &#40;CI&#41; were estimated&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statistical tests with a two-tailed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value &#60;0&#46;05 were considered as significant&#46; Data were analyzed using IBM&#174;SPSS&#174; Statistics 23&#46;0 &#40;IBM&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Results</span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Characteristics of patients</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the 217 studied patients&#44; the most common chronic comorbidities were hypertension&#44; cancer&#44; and immunoincompetence&#46; The main reasons for ICU admission were acute respiratory failure&#44; shock&#44; and disturbed consciousness&#46; Nonsurgical and surgical patients accounted for 61&#46;8&#37; and 38&#46;2&#37; of participants&#44; respectively&#46; The median SOFA score was 8&#46;0 points&#44; and the median SAPS 3 score was 55&#46;0 points&#46; During the ICU stay&#44; vasoactive drugs were used in 36&#46;4&#37; of patients&#46; ICU and hospital mortality rates were 41&#46;0&#37; and 59&#46;9&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; History of cardiovascular diseases&#44; type of patient&#44; and SOFA score were associated with hospital mortality in univariate analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pneumonia&#44; noncardiogenic shock&#44; and extrapulmonary sepsis were the most common risk factors for ARDS&#46; ICU-acquired ARDS accounted for 22&#46;9&#37; of subjects and was related to increased mortality &#40;13&#46;8&#37; vs&#46; 28&#46;5&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;011&#41;&#46; General characteristics of patients are depicted in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Relationship of ventilatory settings and arterial blood gases with hospital mortality is illustrated in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary Tables 2 and 3 &#40;see Supplementary material 3&#41;</a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">ARDS severity classification</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The median PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index on first day after starting IMV was 187&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg &#40;IQR 117&#46;3&#8211;221&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41; and 21&#46;6 &#40;IQR 10&#46;2&#8211;33&#46;2&#41;&#44; respectively&#46; On third day&#44; the median value of PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio was 222&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg &#40;IQR 176&#46;7&#8211;297&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&#41; and the median value of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index was 23&#46;3 &#40;IQR 15&#46;8&#8211;37&#46;5&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio on day 1&#44; 30&#46;9&#37;&#44; 46&#46;5&#37;&#44; and 22&#46;6&#37; of patients had a mild&#44; moderate&#44; and severe ARDS&#44; respectively&#59; on day 3&#44; 23&#46;0&#37; of patients were free of ARDS while patients with mild&#44; moderate&#44; and severe ARDS accounted for 42&#46;4&#37;&#44; 31&#46;3&#37;&#44; and 3&#46;2&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; Using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index on day 1&#44; patients with mild&#44; moderate&#44; and severe ARDS accounted for 18&#46;0&#37;&#44; 39&#46;6&#37;&#44; and 42&#46;4&#37;&#44; respectively&#59; on day 3&#44; 6&#46;5&#37; of patients were free of ARDS&#44; whereas 14&#46;3&#37;&#44; 40&#46;6&#37;&#44; and 38&#46;7&#37; had a mild&#44; moderate&#44; and severe ARDS&#44; respectively&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A number of patients were reclassified into a different category of ARDS severity by using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index &#40;31&#46;8&#37; on day 1 and 77&#46;0&#37; on day 3&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Of note&#44; 72&#37; of patients without ARDS by the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio on day 3 remained with ARDS by using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Severity of ARDS was linked to a higher PEEP level&#59; however&#44; the level of PEEP was lower by the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index-based ARDS severity than using the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio-based ARDS severity &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">ARDS severity and outcomes</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index was related to mortality both on day 1 and day 3 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary figure 1&#44; Supplementary material 3</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; on multivariate analyses only the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index was consistently associated with hospital mortality &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; Driving pressure&#44; tidal volume&#47;PBW and SOFA score were also independent risk factors related to increased mortality &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The capability of the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index for predicting hospital mortality improved from day 1 to day 3&#46; Nonetheless&#44; the performance of the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index was superior to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio in term of AROC &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1</span> 0&#46;72 vs&#46; 0&#46;62&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3</span> 0&#46;87 vs&#46; 0&#46;68&#41; and CORR &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1</span> 0&#46;370 vs&#46; 0&#46;213&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3</span> 0&#46;634 vs&#46; 0&#46;301&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary figure 2&#44; Supplementary material 3</a>&#41;&#46; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index improved the prediction of risk of death compared to PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio as showed by the qNRI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1</span> 72&#46;0&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3</span> 132&#46;4&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41; and IDI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1</span> 0&#46;09&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;06&#8211;0&#46;12&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3</span> 0&#46;31&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;26&#8211;0&#46;35&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Supplementary figures 3 and 4&#44; Supplementary material 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0170">Discussion</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study found that 31&#46;8&#37; of patients with ARDS on day 1 and 77&#46;0&#37; on day 3 were reclassified into a different category of ARDS severity using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#46; The performance for predicting hospital mortality increased with the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; compared to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#46; The P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index and ventilatory settings&#44; such as tidal volume and driving pressure&#44; were independently related to increased mortality in multivariate analysis&#46; ARDS severity stratification improved on third day after ARDS diagnosis&#46; Mean PEEP level was lower when ARDS severity was categorized according to the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index rather than the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to overcome the gap of the Berlin criteria&#44; Sayed et al&#46; recently proposed the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> to &#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#41; ratio&#44; named P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; as a novel criterion to reclassify ARDS patients in terms of severity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Improvement of ARDS severity classification is essential for current critical care medicine since misclassification may lead to errors in clinical judgment and decision-making&#46; For instance&#44; we found that a number of patients were reclassified in a higher category of ARDS severity using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; whereas 72&#46;0&#37; of patients without ARDS on day 3 according to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio truly had ARDS by the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#46; Recently&#44; Palanidurai et al&#46; observed that more than half of the patients were reclassified into a different severity category of ARDS by the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; compared to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#46; These similar results indicate that changes in severity classification with the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index reflect the true severity of ARDS and the applied PEEP strategy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Under-recognition of ARDS is a common and serious problem with important clinical consequences&#44; particularly in terms of therapeutic options not considered&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> The LUNG SAFE study demonstrated that the diagnosis of ARDS is delayed or missed in 40&#37; of patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index is able to identify patients with ARDS who would not be classified with ARDS according to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#44; and is also a better predictor of mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Therefore&#44; by using the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index clinicians may implement strategies to improve mortality such as optimal PEEP&#44; lower FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; prone positioning and the use of neuromuscular blocking agents&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PEEP is a confounder in clinical practice since optimal PEEP is difficult to obtain through several methods&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> and clinicians commonly prescribes high PEEP in patients with adequate oxygenation goals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;22</span></a> Clinical interpretation of the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio may be biased by nonpulmonary factors such as hemoglobin concentration and arterial-venous oxygen content difference&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Consequently&#44; oxygen toxicity with adverse impact on outcomes may be developed due to excess FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index is attractive because physicians can achieve the best combination of FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and PEEP to reach adequate oxygenation&#46; In our cohort&#44; the frequency of prone positioning was similar to that reported in epidemiologic studies while infusion of neuromuscular blocking agents was lower&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> However&#44; the use of these drugs is controversial because of its side effects and unclear benefits<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#59; currently they are indicated only for the treatment of ventilatory asynchrony&#44; supporting pronation&#44; or assuring protective ventilation goals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our findings demonstrated the clinical validity of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#46; The better performance&#44; compared to PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#44; shows the usefulness of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index in predicting mortality&#46; Palanidurai et al&#46; also found that P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index has a greater predictive validity for predicting hospital mortality in ARDS patients than the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> In fact&#44; the AROC for P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index &#40;0&#46;71 vs&#46; 0&#46;72&#41; and PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio &#40;0&#46;66 vs&#46; 0&#46;62&#41; was similar to the present study&#44; which supports external validity of our results&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ARDS is one of the major reasons of ICU admission&#44; and continues to have high mortality rates despite advances in supportive care&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;26</span></a> Ventilatory support is the keystone in the management of patients with ARDS&#44; but ventilatory setting may have an impact on outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Since tidal volume and driving pressure&#44; along with the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; were related to increased mortality in multivariate analysis&#44; our findings suggest that the negative effect of ventilatory variables remains unchanged through the course of the disease&#44; which is in line with recent evidences&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29</span></a> Additionally&#44; the relationship between the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index with mortality explains ARDS severity&#44; but also the potentially harmful effects of PEEP&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study confirmed that ARDS severity stratification is improved on third day after ARDS diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;10</span></a> Lai et al&#46; demonstrated that the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio after a period of stabilization may be a more appropriate predictor of mortality than the initial PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio at the onset of ARDS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Chiu et al&#46; found that patients with resolved or improving ARDS severity on day 3 had lower mortality&#44; whereas patients with the same or worsening ARDS severity on day 3 had higher mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Apparently&#44; patients need to be exposed to a sufficient period of time for response to medical therapies and adjusted IMV settings before being classified&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We found that a lower mean PEEP was used in all class of ARDS severity when patients were stratified by P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#44; which might reduce the risk of excess PEEP&#46; Palanidurai et al&#46; observed that the predictive validity of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index improved with progressively higher levels of PEEP&#44; indicative of the negative effects of higher PEEP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> PEEP is not considered for ARDS severity evaluation by the Berlin definition&#46; Adding PEEP to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio takes into consideration the respiratory system compliance and lung recruitment&#46; Furthermore&#44; by using PEEP as a quantitative variable&#44; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index conserves information and improves accuracy of estimations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> However&#44; although PEEP increases functional residual capacity and improves blood oxygenation&#44; tissue oxygen delivery decreases because of reduced cardiac output&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> PEEP also increases the risk of volutrauma and ventilator-induced lung injury&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> causing increased mortality when a high-PEEP strategy is used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has a number of strengths&#46; First&#44; the study was conducted in a center with high standard of health care and in an ICU with qualified intensivists 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h a day&#44; seven days a week&#46; Second&#44; potential sources of bias were reduced&#44; which lend additional strength to our analysis&#46; Third&#44; this is a well-powered study with a representative sample size so estimation errors were minimized&#46; Fourth&#44; by multivariate analysis we were able to control for potential confounders including ventilatory setting&#44; and severity of illness&#46; Fifth&#44; the LUNG SAFE study showed that most ARDS patients are not ventilated using a protective ventilation approach&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> We reached ventilatory goals on day 3&#44; which indicates an improvement in quality of ventilatory management according to current recommendations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;29</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are several limitations of our study&#46; First&#44; this is an observational study from a single center&#44; thus results may not be representative of other institutions or regions&#46; Second&#44; a mixed cohort of surgical and nonsurgical patients with several clinical and pathophysiological disorders were analyzed&#44; which could have effects on outcomes&#46; Indeed&#44; hospital mortality rate was higher than reported in recent epidemiologic studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Since our hospital is a national referral center&#44; case-mix of patients with more severe diseases were more likely included compared with community-based hospitals&#46; Compared with patients enrolled in the LUNG SAFE study&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> our analyzed patients had more chronic diseases including immunoincompetence&#44; cardiovascular disease&#44; and cancer&#44; and had a higher rate of extrapulmonary sepsis and noncardiogenic shock&#44; all which may explain the higher mortality rate observed in the study&#46; Third&#44; trauma patients were not included in the study so results cannot be applied to this type of patients&#46; Fourth&#44; several phenotypes and subphenotypes have been recognized in ARDS patients with impact on outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36</span></a> In the present study&#44; analyses were not stratified according to ARDS phenotypes&#59; consequently&#44; further studies are required to define the effects of the interaction or association of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index-based ARDS severity and ARDS phenotypes&#44; as well as its clinical implications&#44; which opens a new agenda of work for future researches&#46; Finally&#44; we explored ARDS severity within the first 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after starting IMV&#44; and the clinical course of patients beyond this period of time may affect outcomes&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; assessment of ARDS severity based on P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index is better than current PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> criteria for predicting mortality&#44; especially on third day after starting IMV&#46; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index is easy to use at the bedside by involving information of the two therapeutic strategies used for managing hypoxemia such as FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and PEEP&#46; We recommend further clinical trials to clarify the advantages of ARDS severity classification based on P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index for clinical decision-making&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0175">Author&#39;s contributions</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FDMB contributed in the concepts&#44; design&#44; definition of intellectual content&#44; literature search&#44; clinical studies&#44; data acquisition&#44; data analysis&#44; statistical analysis&#44; manuscript preparation&#44; manuscript editing&#44; and manuscript review&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">REM and VOR contributed in the design&#44; definition of intellectual content&#44; clinical studies&#44; data acquisition&#44; manuscript editing&#44; and manuscript review&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">TTS contributed in the literature search&#44; manuscript preparation&#44; manuscript editing&#44; and manuscript review&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0180">Funding</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public&#44; commercial&#44; or not-for-profit sectors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0185">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no competing interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Abstract"
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              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Objective"
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            1 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Design"
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              "titulo" => "Setting"
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            0 => "S&#237;ndrome de distr&#233;s respiratorio agudo&#47;clasificaci&#243;n"
            1 => "S&#237;ndrome de distr&#233;s respiratorio agudo&#47;diagn&#243;stico"
            2 => "S&#237;ndrome de distr&#233;s respiratorio agudo&#47;mortalidad"
            3 => "Ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica"
            4 => "Presi&#243;n positiva tele-espiratoria"
            5 => "Ventilaci&#243;n protectiva"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate the impact of the novel P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index to classify ARDS severity on mortality of patients with ARDS&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Design</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective cohort study&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Setting</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Twelve-bed medical and surgical intensive care unit from January 2018 to December 2020&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Patients</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 217 ARDS patients managed with invasive mechanical ventilation &#62;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Interventions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Variables</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ARDS severity on day 1 and day 3 was measured based on PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index &#91;PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;&#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#41;&#93;&#46; Primary outcome was the hospital mortality&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hospital mortality rate was 59&#46;9&#37;&#46; Relative to PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#44; 31&#46;8&#37; of patients on day 1 and 77&#46;0&#37; on day 3 were reclassified into a different category of ARDS severity by P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&#46; The level of PEEP was lower by P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index-based ARDS severity classification than by using PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#46; The performance for predicting mortality of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index was superior to PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio in term of AROC &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1&#58;</span> 0&#46;72 vs&#46; 0&#46;62&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3&#58;</span> 0&#46;87 vs&#46; 0&#46;68&#41; and CORR &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1&#58;</span> 0&#46;370 vs&#46; 0&#46;213&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3&#58;</span> 0&#46;634 vs&#46; 0&#46;301&#41;&#46; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index improved prediction of risk of death compared to PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio as showed by the qNRI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1&#58;</span> 72&#46;0&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3&#58;</span> 132&#46;4&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41; and IDI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 1&#58;</span> 0&#46;09&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">day 3&#58;</span> 0&#46;31&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Assessment of ARDS severity based on P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index seems better than PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio for predicting mortality&#46; The value of P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index for clinical decision-making requires confirmation by randomized controlled trials&#46;</p></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar el impacto del &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> para clasificar la severidad del SDRA y su relaci&#243;n con la mortalidad&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Contexto</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Unidad de cuidados intensivos polivalentes de 12 camas desde enero de 2018 hasta diciembre de 2020&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Pacientes</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudi&#243; a 217 pacientes con SDRA con ventilaci&#243;n invasiva<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>48 horas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Intervenciones</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ninguna&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Variables</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La severidad del SDRA se evalu&#243; el primer y el tercer d&#237;a&#44; seg&#250;n el &#237;ndice PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> y el &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> &#40;PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;&#91;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#93;&#41;&#46; El desenlace primario evaluado fue la mortalidad hospitalaria&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Resultados</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La mortalidad hospitalaria fue 59&#44;9&#37;&#46; Con relaci&#243;n al &#237;ndice PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; el 31&#44;8&#37; de los pacientes el d&#237;a 1 y el 77&#44;0&#37; el d&#237;a 3 fue reclasificado en categor&#237;as diferentes de severidad del SDRA mediante el &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span>&#46; El nivel de PEEP fue m&#225;s bajo con el uso del &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> que con el PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#46; La predicci&#243;n de la mortalidad fue superior con el &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> que con PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; en t&#233;rminos de AROC &#40;d&#237;a 1&#58; 0&#44;72 vs&#46; 0&#44;62&#59; d&#237;a 3&#58; 0&#44;87 vs&#46; 0&#44;68&#41; y CORR &#40;d&#237;a 1&#58; 0&#44;370 vs&#46; 0&#44;213&#59; d&#237;a 3&#58; 0&#44;634 vs&#46; 0&#44;301&#41;&#46; El &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> mejor&#243; la predicci&#243;n del riesgo de muerte comparado con el PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; como demuestra el qNRI &#40;d&#237;a 1&#58; 72&#44;0&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#59; d&#237;a 3&#58; 132&#44;4&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41; y el IDI &#40;d&#237;a 1&#58; 0&#44;09&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#59; d&#237;a 3&#58; 0&#44;31&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La evaluaci&#243;n de severidad del SDRA mediante el &#237;ndice P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> parece ser mejor que la del &#237;ndice PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> para predecir la mortalidad&#46; El valor del P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> para la toma de decisiones cl&#237;nicas requiere confirmaci&#243;n mediante ensayos cl&#237;nicos&#46;</p></span>"
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            "apendice" => "<p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following are the supplementary data to this article&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0015"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow diagram of participants &#40;dates of inclusion&#58; between January 2018 and December 2020&#41;&#46; ARDS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>acute respiratory distress syndrome&#59; ICU<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>intensive care unit&#59; IMV<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>invasive mechanical ventilation&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Agreement in classification of ARDS severity using PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio and P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index on day 1 &#40;A&#41; and day 3 &#40;B&#41;&#46; Blue boxes represent patients whose categories remained unchanged&#46; Red boxes represent patients who were reclassified to a more severe category&#46; Green boxes represent patients who were reclassified to a milder category&#46; P&#47;F<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&#59; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;&#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between PEEP level and ARDS severity according to the PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio at day 1 &#40;pictures A&#41; and day 3 &#40;picture C&#41;&#44; and the P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index at day 1 &#40;pictures B&#41; and day 3 &#40;picture D&#41;&#46; ARDS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>acute respiratory distress syndrome&#59; PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio&#59; PEEP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>positive end-expiratory pressure&#59; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;&#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as the number &#40;&#37;&#41; or the median &#40;interquartile range&#41;&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-values are calculated using the Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables&#46;</p><p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ARDS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>acute respiratory distress syndrome&#59; ICU<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>intensive care unit&#59; MV<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>invasive mechanical ventilation&#59; SAPS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Simplified Acute Physiology Score&#59; SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sequential Organ Failure Assessment&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>217&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Survivors &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Nonsurvivors &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age&#44; years</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&#46;0 &#40;53&#46;0&#8211;73&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62&#46;0 &#40;51&#46;5&#8211;72&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64&#46;5 &#40;54&#46;0&#8211;73&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;261&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex&#44; male</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">103 &#40;47&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;51&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58 &#40;44&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;304&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Body mass index&#44; kg&#47;m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#46;0 &#40;24&#46;1&#8211;27&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#46;4 &#40;24&#46;3&#8211;27&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#46;8 &#40;23&#46;5&#8211;27&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;444&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Chronic diseases</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic respiratory disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;16&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;11&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;19&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;129&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes mellitus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;22&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;18&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;24&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;279&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Immunoincompetence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64 &#40;29&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;24&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43 &#40;3&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;157&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High blood pressure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">128 &#40;59&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;48&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86 &#40;66&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Coronary artery disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;17&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;10&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;22&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;023&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other cardiovascular disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;15&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;9&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;19&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;044&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cancer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">82 &#40;37&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;34&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;40&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;411&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic kidney disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;11&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;9&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;13&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;380&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic liver disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;5&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;5&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Length of stay before ICU admission&#44; days</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;0 &#40;3&#46;0&#8211;16&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;0 &#40;2&#46;0&#8211;14&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;0 &#40;3&#46;0&#8211;16&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;461&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reason for ICU admission</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Acute respiratory failure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">180 &#40;82&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77 &#40;88&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">103 &#40;79&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;075&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Shock&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64 &#40;29&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;26&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41 &#40;31&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;419&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rhythm disturbances&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;264&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Acute abdomen&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;9&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;8&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;10&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;626&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Severe acute pancreatitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;997&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Disturbed consciousness&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;22&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;23&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;22&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;906&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Intracranial mass effect&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;11&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;16&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;7&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;053&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Liver failure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;247&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Type of patient</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;007&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Nonsurgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">134 &#40;61&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44 &#40;50&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90 &#40;69&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Elective surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;18&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;27&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;12&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emergency surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;18&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SAPS 3 score&#44; points</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SOFA score&#44; points</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;0 &#40;6&#46;0&#8211;11&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;0 &#40;8&#46;0&#8211;12&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Risk factor for ARDS</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pneumonia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">88 &#40;40&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;46&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;36&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;183&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Extrapulmonary sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">67 &#40;30&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;27&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">43 &#40;33&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;391&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aspiration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;6&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;9&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;278&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Noncardiogenic shock&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;34&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;35&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">44 &#40;33&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;786&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Blood transfusion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;320&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Drug overdose&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;2&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;083&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other risk factor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;4&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;4&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No risk factor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;6&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;4&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;8&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;271&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ICU-acquired ARDS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;22&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;13&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;28&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Time from ICU admission to ARDS onset&#44; days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;0 &#40;3&#46;5&#8211;5&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;0 &#40;3&#46;3&#8211;4&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as the odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; with 95&#37; confidence interval &#40;CI&#41;&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-values were calculated using the multivariate logistic regression analysis&#46;</p><p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio&#59; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;&#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#41;&#59; SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sequential Organ Failure Assessment&#59; V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#47;PBW<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>tidal volume&#47;predictive body weight&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="bottom" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37; CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Model including PaO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;FiO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ratio &#40;day 1&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Driving pressure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;26&#8211;1&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#47;PBW&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;55&#8211;7&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory rate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;00&#8211;1&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;047&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;996&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;989&#8211;1&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;213&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SOFA score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;69&#8211;2&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Model including P&#47;FP</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">index &#40;day 1&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Driving pressure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;29&#8211;1&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#47;PBW&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;30&#8211;7&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory rate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;00&#8211;1&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;051&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;89&#8211;0&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SOFA score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;70&#8211;3&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Model including PaO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;FiO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ratio &#40;day 3&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Driving pressure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;06&#8211;1&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;015&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#47;PBW&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;17&#8211;12&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;027&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory rate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;00&#8211;1&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;054&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;994&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;989&#8211;1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;048&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SOFA score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;92&#8211;3&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Model including P&#47;FP</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">index &#40;day 3&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Driving pressure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;13&#8211;1&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#47;PBW&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;21&#8211;23&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;027&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory rate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;99&#8211;1&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;071&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;83&#8211;0&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SOFA score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;78&#8211;3&#46;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as the area under receiver operating characteristic curve &#40;AROC&#41; with 95&#37; confidence interval &#40;CI&#41;&#44; and the correlation between the predicted and actual value &#40;CORR&#41;&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-values were calculated using the Pearson&#39;s correlation test for CORR&#46;</p><p id="spar0140" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ICU<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>intensive care unit&#59; PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio&#59; P&#47;FP<span class="elsevierStyleInf">E</span> index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;&#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PEEP&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AROC</th><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CORR</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estimate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37; CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estimate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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