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Available online 11 March 2025
Does early surfactant improve outcome in late preterm newborn? Retrospective study in a neonatal intensive care unit
¿Mejora el surfactante precoz la evolución en el recién nacido pretérmino tardío? Estudio retrospectivo en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal
Jorge Bartual Bardisa
Corresponding author
bartual_jorge@gva.es

Corresponding author.
, Carolina Vizcaíno Díaz, María Jesús Ferrández Berenguer
Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
Received 05 June 2024. Accepted 05 December 2024
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the included patients, as well as the timing and method of surfactant administration in each group.
Table 2. Results and comparison of the outcomes in each group after surfactant administration.
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Abstract
Objective

To compare the early administration of surfactant, before 12 h of life, versus late, in late preterm neonates (born between 34+0 and 36+6 weeks of gestation), with moderate-severe respiratory distress.

Design

Retrospective, observational, analytical, case-control study, with late preterm infants admitted between 2012–2021. It is divided into 2 groups: surfactant administered ≤ 12 h of life and >12 h and evolution is compared using univariate analysis.

Setting

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) level III of a Universitary Hospital.

Patients or participants

57 patients, 30 in the early group and 27 in the late group. Inclusion criteria: neonates from 34+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation, with respiratory distress syndrome, in need of non-invasive ventilation and surfactant.

Interventions

None.

Main variables of interest

Sociodemographic, clinical and evolutionary: redosing, duration of respiratory support, oxygen and time to stop requiring it after surfactant. Also, complications and length of hospitalization.

Results

In the early group there was less need for redosing (3.3% vs 48.1%, P < .001) and a decrease in duration, in days, of stay in the NICU (7 vs 10.5, P .002), invasive mechanical ventilation (2.4 vs 3.9, P .034), total respiratory support (4.6 vs 6.6, P .005) and oxygen therapy (0.4 vs 2.8, P < .001). Also, lower incidence of pneumothorax (0% vs 33.3%, P .001). Furthermore, 12 h after administration, 83.4% maintained FiO2 0.21, compared to 44.4% in the late administration.

Conclusions

In our study, early administration in late preterm infants provides benefits in terms of respiratory assistance and complications. We suggest expanding studies to establish recommendations in this group of patients.

Keywords:
Late preterm infants
Less invasive surfactant administration
Surfactant therapy
Early surfactant administration
Respiratory distress syndrome
Abbreviations:
CPAP
IGR
PDA
BPD
FiO2
LISA
MIST
RDS
SENEO
TTN
NICU
IMV
NIMV
iPPV
PEEP
Resumen
Objetivo

Comparar la administración precoz de surfactante, antes de las 12 horas de vida, frente a tardía, en prematuros tardíos (nacidos entre 34+0 y 36+6 semanas de gestación) con distrés respiratorio moderado-grave.

Diseño

Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, analítico, caso-control, con prematuros tardíos ingresados entre 2012−2021. Se dividen en 2 grupos: surfactante administrado ≤ 12 horas de vida y >12 h y se compara evolución, mediante análisis univariante.

Ámbito

Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UCIN) nivel III de un Hospital Universitario.

Pacientes o participantes

Cincuenta y siete pacientes, 30 en el grupo precoz y 27 en el tardío. Criterios de inclusión: neonatos de 34+0 a 36+6 semanas de gestación, con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria y necesidad de ventilación no invasiva y surfactante.

Intervenciones

Ninguna.

Variables de interés principales

Sociodemográficas, clínicas y evolutivas: redosificación, duración de soporte respiratorio, oxígeno y tiempo en dejar de precisarlo tras el surfactante. También complicaciones y duración de hospitalización.

Resultados

En el grupo precoz hubo menor necesidad de redosificación (3.3% vs 48.1%, P < .001) y disminución de duración, en días, de estancia en UCIN (7 vs 10.5, P .002), ventilación mecánica invasiva (2.4 vs 3.9, P .034), soporte respiratorio total (4.6 vs 6.6, P .005) y oxigenoterapia (0.4 vs 2.8, P < .001). También, menor incidencia de neumotórax (0% vs 33.3%, P .001). Además, a las 12 h de la administración, mantenían FiO2 0.21 el 83.4%, frente a 44.4% en el tardío.

Conclusiones

En nuestro estudio, la administración precoz en prematuros tardíos proporciona beneficios en cuanto a asistencia respiratoria y complicaciones. Sugerimos la ampliación de estudios para poder establecer recomendaciones en este grupo de pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Recién nacido pretérmino tardío
Administración mínimamente invasiva de surfactante
Terapia con surfactante
Administración precoz de surfactante
Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria
Graphical abstract

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