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Available online 29 April 2025
Experience with ECMO therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome treatment throughout the COVID-19 pandemic
Experiencia con terapia ECMO para el tratamiento del síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo durante la pandemia de COVID-19
José María Arribas-Leala,,
Corresponding author
jarribas@um.es

Corresponding author.
, José Miguel Rivera-Caravacab,c,, Claudia Vicente-Andreua, Alicia Verdú-Verdúd, Ángel Sornicherod, Daniel Pérez-Martíneze, Juan Blanco-Morillod, Francisco Gutiérreza, Marina Simón-Páezf, Rubén Jarae, Sergio J. Canovas-Lopeza, Carlos Albacete-Morenoe
a Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
b Faculty of Nursing, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
c Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERCV, Murcia, Spain
d Perfusion Service and Extracorporeal Therapies, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
e Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
f Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the patients.
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Table 2. Times (median IQR) (n = 81).
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Table 3. Comparison of living and dead patients on ECMO due to ARDS for COVID-19.
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Abstract
Objective

To analyze our experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

Retrospective, observational, single center study.

Setting

Third-level hospital in Spain.

Patients

Adult patients with COVID-19 ARDS treated with an ECMO system in our center between March 2020 and March 2023.

Interventions

Retrospective collection of variables during hospital admission and follow-up.

Main Variables of Interest

Demographic variables, clinical history, variables related to ECMO therapy, COVID-19 wave number, in-hospital mortality, adverse events, ICU and hospital length of stay, and functional status at follow-up were collected.

Results

Eighty-one patients were included. Of these, 61 patients (75%) died during hospitalization. Patients who died were older and had more comorbidities. During the second, third, and sixth waves, mortality was higher. In the multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of mortality was age (OR 1.24 95% CI (1.027–1.5, P = 0.025). After discharge, 40% of patients had difficulties returning to normal life due to respiratory failure requiring oxygen and arthropathies.

Conclusion

In-hospital mortality increased during the pandemic. Older age was the only independent predictor of mortality. After discharge, no deaths were recorded during the first 18 months of follow-up, although 40% of surviving patients had respiratory and motor sequelae making it difficult for them to return to a normal life.

Keywords:
COVID-19
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Mortality
Resumen
Objetivo

Analizar nuestra experiencia con la terapia de soporte con membrana de oxigenación extracorpórea (ECMO) para tratar el síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

Diseño

Estudio retrospectivo y observacional de un único centro.

Ámbito

Hospital de tercer nivel en España.

Pacientes

Pacientes adultos con COVID-19 tratados con sistema ECMO por SDRA en nuestro centro entre Marzo 2020 y Marzo 2023.

Intervenciones

Recogida retrospectiva de variables durante el ingreso y el seguimiento.

Variables de interés principales

Se recogieron variables demográficas, antecedentes clínicos, variables relacionadas con la terapia ECMO, numero de ola de COVID-19, mortalidad hospitalaria, eventos adversos, duración de estancia en UCI y en hospital y estado funcional en el seguimiento.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 81 pacientes. De ellos 61 pacientes (75%) fallecieron durante la hospitalización. Los pacientes que fallecieron tenían más edad y más comorbilidad. Durante la segunda, tercera y sexta olas la mortalidad fue mayor. En el análisis multivariante, el único predictor independiente de mortalidad fue la edad (OR 1.24 IC 95% (1.027–1.5, P = 0.025). Después del alta, el 40% de los pacientes presentaban dificultades para retornar a una vida normal por insuficiencia respiratoria que precisaba de oxígeno y artropatías.

Conclusión

La mortalidad hospitalaria aumentó durante la pandemia. Tener mayor edad fue el único predictor independiente de mortalidad. Tras el alta, ningún paciente falleció durante los primeros 18 meses de seguimiento, aunque el 40% de los pacientes supervivientes presentan secuelas respiratorias y motoras que dificultan su regreso a una vida normal.

Palabras clave:
COVID-19
Síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo
Oxigenación de membrana extracorpórea
Mortalidad

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