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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is growing interest in the sequelae of admission to the Intensive Care Unit &#40;ICU&#41;&#44; though the data published to date in this regard are quite heterogeneous&#46; Some authors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;5</span></a> have found such patients to have poorer quality of life and greater mortality than the gender- and age-matched general population until several years after admission to Intensive Care&#46; In contrast&#44; other investigators<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;12</span></a> have observed acceptable recovery in the months following discharge from the ICU&#46; A number of factors have been associated to increased morbidity-mortality after discharge from the ICU&#44; including patient age&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4&#44;13&#44;14</span></a> the duration of admission to the ICU&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;13</span></a> the severity of the disease condition&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;13&#44;14</span></a> previous comorbidities&#44; the basal situation of the patient&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and the diagnosis motivating admission to the UCI&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considering the growing number of elderly patients admitted to our Units&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> a dilemma has developed regarding the long-term benefits of admission to the ICU in this population group&#46; The literature offers conflicting results in this respect&#46; Some studies have found that although mortality both in the ICU and after discharge from the Unit is high among elderly patients and greater than in younger individuals&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;7&#44;13&#44;15&#8211;17</span></a> functional status and quality of life one year after discharge among the survivors are very similar to how they were before admission to the ICU&#8211;thereby justifying admission to these Units&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;9&#44;17</span></a> In contrast&#44; other studies have described a clear worsening of quality of life among the survivors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;18</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The dilemma intensifies when considering elderly people who are admitted to the ICU for long periods of time&#46; What are the mortality figures among these patients after discharge from the ICU&#63; What is their functional status after discharge from the ICU&#63; What quality of life do the survivors have&#63; etc&#46; Although there is no clear consensus as to what we mean by &#8220;prolonged admission&#8221; to the ICU&#8211;the definitions typically ranging from 2 to 4 weeks<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6&#44;9&#44;11&#8211;13&#44;19&#44;20</span></a>&#8211;the literature shows that although mortality one year after discharge is high among survivors of prolonged admission to the ICU&#44; their quality of life is good&#44; with high rates of functional independence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;8&#44;12&#44;13&#44;16&#44;17&#44;21</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study analyzes mortality and functional status after one year among elderly patients &#40;over 75 years of age&#41; with prolonged admission to the ICU &#40;over 14 days&#41;&#44; and establishes comparisons with elderly patients who have been admitted to the ICU for shorter periods of time&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Patients and methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A prospective observational study was made in a 14-bed polyvalent ICU belonging to a tertiary hospital&#44; covering a period of 18 months &#40;from 1 December 2009 to 31 May 2011&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We included all patients over 75 years of age admitted to the ICU for more than 14 days and who agreed to participate in the study &#40;through signing of the informed consent document by the patient&#47;closest relatives&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At patient inclusion in the study we recorded the demographic variables &#40;age and gender&#41;&#44; comorbidities &#40;as assessed by the Charlson comorbidity index<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#41;&#44; basal functional status &#40;as measured by the Barthel index &#91;BI&#93;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#41;&#44; basal mental state &#40;measured using the Red Cross Psychic Disability scale &#91;RCPD&#93;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#41;&#44; place of residency&#44; reason for admission to the ICU&#44; and severity of the disease &#40;evaluated by means of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II &#91;APACHE II&#93;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> and the Sequential-Related Organ Failure Assessment &#91;SOFA&#93; scale<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#41;&#46; At discharge from the ICU we collected information on stay and mortality in the Unit&#44; the need for mechanical ventilation and its duration&#44; the need for vasoactive drug support&#44; and the presence of multiorgan failure &#40;defined as a score of 3 or 4 on the SOFA scale<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> referred to two or more organs&#41;&#46; At hospital discharge we assessed mental and functional status&#44; patient destination at discharge&#44; and in-hospital stay and mortality&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients were followed-up on during one year after discharge from the ICU by means of a telephone interview at 3&#44; 6 and 12 months&#44; documenting mental and functional status &#40;BI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> and RCPD scale<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#41;&#44; mortality&#44; place of residency and the number of hospital readmissions&#46; On occasion of the interview after 12 months&#44; the patients were asked whether they would be prepared to enter the ICU again if necessary&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Basal functional status was defined as the functional status of the patient in the month before admission&#44; and the stay in the ICU was considered to be prolonged if it exceeded 14 days&#44; and short if &#8804;14 days&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Functional status was divided into 5 levels according to the BI score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#58; total dependency &#40;&#60;20 points&#41;&#44; severe dependency &#40;20&#8211;35 points&#41;&#44; moderate dependency &#40;40&#8211;55 points&#41;&#44; slight dependency &#40;60&#8211;95 points&#41;&#44; and independence &#40;100 points&#41;&#46; Dependent patients were regarded as those with total&#44; severe or moderate dependency functional status &#40;BI score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> &#60;60&#41;&#46; Significant worsening of functional status in turn was defined by a decrease in BI score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> of 20 points or more&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the hospital&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the SPSS version 18&#46;0 statistical package &#40;SPSS Inc&#46;&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41;&#46; Qualitative variables were reported as numbers and percentages&#44; and were analyzed using the chi-squared test in the case of unpaired variables&#44; and the McNemar test or McNemar&#8211;Bowker test in the case of paired binary variables of two or more categories&#44; respectively&#46; In the case of quantitative variables we first assessed normality of the distribution using the Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test&#46; Those variables exhibiting a normal distribution were reported as the mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation&#44; and were analyzed using the Student <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test for unpaired variables or the Student&#8211;Fisher test in the case of paired data&#46; Quantitative variables with a non-normal distribution were reported as the median and interquartile range&#44; and were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test or marginal homogeneity test &#40;according to the number of categories&#41; in the case of paired variables&#44; and the nonparametric Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span>-test in the case of unpaired variables&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Results</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the study period&#44; a total of 177 patients over 75 years of age were admitted to our ICU&#59; of these subjects&#44; one rejected participation in the study&#46; Twenty-two of the 176 patients finally included in the study were admitted to the ICU for over 14 days &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Although there were no differences in terms of gender&#44; comorbidities or basal mental and physical status&#44; the patients requiring prolonged admission were younger and presented greater severity upon admission as measured by both the APACHE II<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> and the SOFA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> scale&#46; The main cause of admission to the ICU among the patients with prolonged admission was infectious disease &#40;59&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; while cardiovascular disease was seen to predominate among the short stay patients &#40;59&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the basal characteristics of the patients over 75 years of age upon admission to the ICU&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the patients requiring prolonged admission to the ICU also required mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drug support&#44; and 18&#46;2&#37; moreover required renal replacement therapy &#8211; all of them presenting multiorgan failure &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; This situation in turn explained the increased severity among these patients&#44; as reflected by a poorer daily SOFA score &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Forty-eight patients died during admission to the ICU &#40;global mortality rate in the ICU&#58; 27&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Although the patients with prolonged admission suffered comparatively greater mortality&#44; we observed no statistically significant differences between the two groups &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After discharge from the ICU&#44; 18 patients died during their stay in hospital&#8211;the in-hospital mortality rate being higher among the patients with prolonged admission &#40;63&#46;6&#37; vs 33&#46;8&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; Functional deterioration was observed in the patients at hospital discharge&#44; as evidenced by a drop in the BI score&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> which proved more notorious in the case of the patients with prolonged admission &#40;BI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> 100&#46;00 &#91;90&#46;00&#8211;100&#46;00&#93; upon admission vs 10&#46;00 &#91;5&#46;00&#8211;55&#46;00&#93; at hospital discharge&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; The BI score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> at discharge in these patients was lower than in the patients with short stays &#40;BI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> at hospital discharge 85&#46;00 &#91;50&#46;00&#8211;100&#46;00&#93; in patients with short stays vs 10&#46;00 &#91;5&#46;00&#8211;55&#46;00&#93; in patients with prolonged stays&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; despite the absence of differences in this regard at the time of admission to the ICU&#46; This decrease in BI score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> was significant &#40;&#8805;20 points&#41; in all the patients with prolonged admission &#40;100&#37; vs 32&#46;7&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; A total of 4&#46;5&#37; of the patients in the prolonged admission group had been dependent before admission to the ICU&#44; versus 10&#46;9&#37; of the patients with short admission &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;70&#41;&#46; In turn&#44; the dependency rate at hospital discharge was 85&#46;7&#37; in the prolonged admission group versus 28&#46;8&#37; in the short stay group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast&#44; no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of mental status at discharge versus mental status upon admission&#46; In this regard&#44; 77&#46;3&#37; of the patients with prolonged stays presented a normal mental status upon admission to the ICU&#44; and this situation was seen to persist in 80&#37; of them at discharge &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;35&#41;&#46; In the case of the patients with short stays&#44; 71&#46;9&#37; presented no mental alterations upon admission&#44; and this situation persisted in 92&#46;3&#37; of them at discharge &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;08&#41;&#46;</p><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Follow-up after one year</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 79&#46;8&#37; of the patients with a short stay in the ICU were still alive at hospital discharge&#8211;a figure that dropped to only 53&#46;8&#37; among those with prolonged admission to the ICU &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;07&#41;&#46; This difference in mortality was largely attributable to in-hospital deaths&#44; since follow-up one year after hospital discharge showed 90&#46;4&#37; of the survivors to be still alive &#40;87&#46;5&#37; of those in the prolonged admission group and 90&#46;6&#37; in the short stay group&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;57&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We observed no differences in the percentage of hospital readmissions during the year of follow-up between the two patient groups &#40;100&#37; in the patients with prolonged stays vs 74&#46;5&#37; in the patients with short stays&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;00&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On comparing the evolution of functional status among the patients according to the duration of admission to the ICU&#44; we found the subjects with prolonged admission to have a poorer functional status both at hospital discharge &#40;BI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> 10&#46;00 &#91;5&#46;00&#8211;55&#46;00&#93; vs 85&#46;00 &#91;50&#46;00&#8211;100&#46;00&#93;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; and after three months of follow-up &#40;BI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> 65&#46;00 &#91;5&#46;00&#8211;96&#46;25&#93; vs 95&#46;00 &#91;80&#46;00&#8211;100&#46;00&#93;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;04&#41; than the patients with short stays&#46; Although an improvement in functional status was noted at 6 and 12 months in both groups&#44; the differences between the patients with prolonged admission and those with short stays were not significant &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Despite the improvements at follow-up&#44; 50&#37; of the patients with prolonged admission to the ICU and 16&#46;9&#37; of those with short stays suffered significant loss of function &#40;as reflected by a drop in BI score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> of &#8805;20 points&#41; after one year with respect to the time of admission&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At one year of follow-up&#44; functional status was found to be poorer than under basal conditions in both groups&#8211;though the loss of independence was more manifest &#40;without reaching statistical significance&#41; in the prolonged admission group&#44; with an independency rate after one year of 66&#46;7&#37; versus 95&#46;5&#37; at the time of admission&#44; while the short stay group showed an independency rate after one year of 85&#46;1&#37; versus 89&#46;1&#37; at the time of admission &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to patient mental status after one year&#44; the subjects with prolonged stay in the ICU showed no differences at either discharge or after one year with respect to their mental status upon admission&#8211;most of the subjects maintaining normal mental function or with slight alterations referred to orientation in time&#44; independently of the duration of stay in the ICU &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seventy-five percent of the patients who survived prolonged admission to the ICU lived at home prior to admission&#44; though only 37&#46;5&#37; returned home after hospital discharge&#46; This percentage increased to 50&#37; after one year of follow-up&#46; In contrast&#44; 68&#46;4&#37; of the patients who survived a short stay in the ICU returned home after discharge&#8211;a figure that increased to 75&#46;7&#37; after one year&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only 49 patients answered the question as to whether they would be prepared to enter the ICU again if necessary because of the disease&#8211;no differences being observed according to the duration of admission to intensive care&#58; 100&#37; of the patients with prolonged admission to the ICU versus 76&#46;1&#37; of those with short stays stated that they would accept admission to the ICU again if necessary &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;00&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discussion</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study we found the proportion of elderly patients with prolonged admission to the ICU to be low&#44; though the mortality rates both in the ICU and in hospital were high and greater than among the patients with a short stay in the ICU&#46; Furthermore&#44; the patients in the prolonged admission group suffered important deterioration of functional status after hospital discharge&#44; without recovery of their basal situation after one year of follow-up&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mortality rate in the ICU in our series was 27&#46;3&#37;&#44; which is consistent with the rates reported in the literature for elderly patients &#40;23&#8211;62&#46;5&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;16&#44;19&#44;27&#8211;29</span></a>&#8211;the published figures varying greatly according to the cutoff point considered &#40;65&#8211;80 years&#41;&#46; We recorded a tendency towards increased mortality in patients with prolonged admission&#44; in coincidence with the findings of other studies both in adults<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;12</span></a> and specifically in elderly subjects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the patients with prolonged admission presented greater severity upon admission to intensive care&#44; and therefore also a poorer prognosis&#44; they were found to be relatively younger&#46; This age difference may have influenced the limitation of therapeutic effort&#44; independently of the severity of the disease&#44; with a possibly earlier decision to limit such effort in the older patients&#46; Likewise&#44; in-hospital mortality among the patients with prolonged admission to the ICU was found to be high and greater than in those with shorter stays&#46; A review of the literature yielded no similar studies allowing comparisons to be made with our own mortality figures&#46; We only identified two studies in patients over 70 years of age and with stays of over 30 days&#46; The respective mortality rates were 33&#37; and 23&#37;&#44; with no statistically significant differences versus patients with shorter stays&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;19</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the high in-hospital mortality recorded in our study&#44; most of the patients who survived admission to hospital were still alive after one year&#46; Montuclard et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> reported a similar estimated survival rate of 41<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#37; after one year in patients over 70 years of age and with stays of more than 30 days&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On examining what happens with the survivors in relation to functional status&#44; the latter was seen to have clearly worsened at the time of hospital discharge&#44; and although the situation improved over the following months &#40;particularly in the first three months of follow-up&#41;&#44; functional status failed to return to the levels observed prior to admission to the ICU&#46; This deterioration was more notorious in the patients with prolonged admission&#46; Few studies have analyzed functional status over the long term in elderly patients who survive admission to the ICU&#44; and the results are moreover heterogeneous&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17&#44;30&#8211;33</span></a> Only one study has examined what happens in elderly subjects who survive prolonged &#40;&#62;30 days&#41; admission to the ICU&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The authors recorded a worsening of general functional status &#40;except as regards eating&#41; 557<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>117 days after discharge from the ICU&#44; though most of the patients remained independent for their activities of daily living&#46; This coincides with our own observations&#44; since 60&#37; of the patients with prolonged admission were found to be independent after one year of follow-up&#46; In our case&#44; the situation among the patients with prolonged admission to intensive care was worse than in those with short stays&#44; with lower independence rates&#44; and therefore with fewer subjects able to return home during the first year after discharge&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We observed no significant differences in patient mental status after versus before hospital admission&#44; not even after one year of follow-up&#44; independently of the duration of admission to the ICU&#46; No studies have been made on the mental sequelae after one year in elderly patients with prolonged admission to the ICU&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As regards the question of whether the patients with prolonged admissions would be willing to enter the ICU again if necessary&#44; we found that most of the survivors would accept readmission&#46; Similar results have been obtained by Montuclard et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> since 83&#46;3&#37; of their elderly patients who were still alive one year after prolonged admission to the ICU would accept returning to the ICU if necessary&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As regards the limitations of our study&#44; mention must be made of its single-centre nature&#44; with a limited number of patients who were moreover selected on the grounds of a good basal status &#40;both mental and physical&#41;&#44; and with low comorbidity as previously described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> and also seen in similar studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;28&#44;35&#44;36</span></a> Furthermore&#44; we did not record the limitation of therapeutic effort rates&#44; which could have been interesting for better analysis of the data&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; we found that patients over 75 years of age with prolonged admission to the ICU suffer high mortality both in the ICU and in hospital&#44; and such mortality is moreover greater than in patients requiring shorter stays in intensive care&#46; Nevertheless&#44; the survivors of prolonged admission to the ICU show a high survival rate after one year&#8211;though functional status is poorer than before admission to the ICU&#44; despite slight improvement during the year of follow-up&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Patients and methods"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Results"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Follow-up after one year"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
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        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
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        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack228635"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgements"
        ]
        10 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2015-03-20"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-08-07"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec684017"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Elderly"
            1 => "Prognosis"
            2 => "Long-term outcome"
            3 => "Health-related quality of life"
            4 => "Critical care"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec684016"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Ancianos"
            1 => "Pron&#243;stico"
            2 => "Resultado a largo plazo"
            3 => "Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud"
            4 => "Cuidados intensivos"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate mortality and functional status at one year of follow-up in patients &#62;75 years of age who survive Intensive Care Unit &#40;ICU&#41; admission of over 14 days&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Design</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A prospective observational study was carried out&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Setting</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A Spanish medical&#8211;surgical ICU&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Patients</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients over 75 years of age admitted to the ICU&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Primary variables of interest</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ICU admission&#58; demographic data&#44; baseline functional status &#40;Barthel index&#41;&#44; baseline mental status &#40;Red Cross scale of mental incapacity&#41;&#44; severity of illness &#40;APACHE II and SOFA&#41;&#44; stay and mortality&#46; One-year follow-up&#58; hospital stay and mortality&#44; functional and mental status&#44; and one-year follow-up mortality&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Results</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 176 patients were included&#44; of which 22 had a stay of over 14 days&#46; Patients with prolonged stay did not show more ICU mortality than those with a shorter stay in the ICU &#40;40&#46;9&#37; vs 25&#46;3&#37; respectively&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;12&#41;&#44; although their hospital &#40;63&#46;6&#37; vs 33&#46;8&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41; and one-year follow-up mortality were higher &#40;68&#46;2&#37; vs 41&#46;2&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41;&#46; Among the survivors&#44; one-year mortality proved similar &#40;87&#46;5&#37; vs 90&#46;6&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;57&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">These patients presented significantly greater impairment of functional status at hospital discharge than the patients with a shorter ICU stay&#44; and this difference persisted after three months&#46; The levels of independence at one-year follow-up were never similar to baseline&#46; No such findings were observed in relation to mental status&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients over 75 years of age with a ICU stay of more than 14 days have high hospital and one-year follow-up mortality&#46; Patients who survive to hospital admission did not show greater mortality&#44; though their functional dependency was greater&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:7 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Design"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Setting"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Patients"
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          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Primary variables of interest"
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          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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          6 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar la mortalidad y situaci&#243;n funcional al a&#241;o de los pacientes mayores de 75 a&#241;os con estancia en una unidad de cuidados intensivos &#40;UCI&#41; mayor de 14 d&#237;as&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo observacional&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">&#193;mbito</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">UCI m&#233;dico-quir&#250;rgica espa&#241;ola&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Pacientes</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pacientes mayores de 75 a&#241;os ingresados en UCI&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Variables de inter&#233;s principales</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ingreso en UCI&#58; datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; estado funcional basal &#40;&#237;ndice de Barthel&#41;&#44; estado mental basal &#40;Escala de incapacidad mental de la Cruz Roja&#41;&#44; gravedad de la enfermedad &#40;APACHE II y SOFA&#41;&#44; mortalidad y estancia&#46; Seguimiento al a&#241;o&#58; estancia&#47;mortalidad hospitalaria&#44; situaci&#243;n funcional y mental y mortalidad al a&#241;o&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Incluimos 176 pacientes&#44; 22 con una estancia mayor de 14 d&#237;as&#46; Los pacientes con estancias prolongadas no presentaron mayor mortalidad en UCI que los de menor estancia &#40;40&#44;9&#37; vs&#46; 25&#44;3&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;12&#41;&#44; aunque su mortalidad hospitalaria &#40;63&#44;6&#37; vs&#46; 33&#44;8&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41; y al a&#241;o &#40;68&#44;2&#37; vs&#46; 41&#44;2&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41; fue superior&#46; Entre los supervivientes la supervivencia al a&#241;o fue similar &#40;87&#44;5&#37; vs&#46; 90&#44;6&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;57&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estos pacientes presentaron un deterioro en su situaci&#243;n funcional al alta hospitalaria significativamente mayor que los de corta estancia&#44; diferencia que se mantuvo a los 3 meses&#46; Nunca llegaron a alcanzar niveles de independencia previos al ingreso durante el a&#241;o&#46; Estos hallazgos no se observaron a nivel mental&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes mayores de 75 a&#241;os con estancia en UCI mayor de 14 d&#237;as presentan una mortalidad hospitalaria y al a&#241;o elevada&#46; Los pacientes que logran ser dados de alta del hospital no presentan mayor mortalidad&#44; aunque s&#237; presentan mayor grado de dependencia funcional&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:7 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Dise&#241;o"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0050"
            "titulo" => "&#193;mbito"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0055"
            "titulo" => "Pacientes"
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          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0060"
            "titulo" => "Variables de inter&#233;s principales"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0065"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          6 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0070"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
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    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Please cite this article as&#58; Pintado MC&#44; Villa P&#44; Luj&#225;n J&#44; Trascasa M&#44; Molina R&#44; Gonz&#225;lez-Garc&#237;a N&#44; et al&#46; Mortalidad y estado funcional al a&#241;o de pacientes ancianos con ingreso prolongado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos&#46; Med Intensiva&#46; 2016&#59;40&#58;289&#8211;297&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:5 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flowchart&#46; The figure shows the flowchart of the patients included in the study&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Functional status in the course of the study&#46; The figures show the evolution of functional status as scored with the Barthel index in the course of the study in the two groups&#58; prolonged admission and short stay&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2825
            "Ancho" => 2045
            "Tamanyo" => 300989
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mental status&#46; The figures show the evolution of mental status as scored with the Red Cross Psychic Disability scale in the course of the study in the two groups&#58; prolonged admission and short stay&#46; No significant differences were found on comparing the different moments of the study &#40;basal&#44; hospital discharge and follow-up during one year&#41; in each group or between groups&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results are presented as number and percentage&#44; except&#58;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Short stay &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>154&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prolonged stay &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81&#46;82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">79&#46;27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age group</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;75&#8211;80 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70 &#40;45&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;68&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>81&#8211;85 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54 &#40;35&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;27&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;85 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;4&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gender&#58; male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">75 &#40;48&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;59&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Charlson score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comorbidity</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">79 &#40;51&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;54&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">41 &#40;26&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;36&#46;40&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34 &#40;22&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;9&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Barthel index<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95&#46;00 &#40;80&#46;00&#8211;100&#46;00&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&#46;00 &#40;90&#46;00&#8211;100&#46;00&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Degree of functional dependency</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Independent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">68 &#40;49&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;54&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Slight dependency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54 &#40;39&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;40&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate dependency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;7&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;4&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Severe dependency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;2&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total dependency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;1&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Functional dependency &#40;BI &#60; 60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;10&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;4&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Red Cross psychic disability scale</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Completely normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97 &#40;71&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;77&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Slight disorientation in time&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;18&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;13&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Disorientation in time&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;9&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;9&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reason for admission</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiovascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">92 &#40;59&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;13&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infectious&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;18&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;59&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;3&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;13&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Resuscitated cardiac arrest&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;6&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neurological&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;3&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Intoxications&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;1&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;4&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Digestive&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;1&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;9&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;3&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Techniques&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;1&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>APACHE II<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;50 &#40;11&#46;00&#8211;24&#46;00&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&#46;00 &#40;19&#46;00&#8211;28&#46;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SOFA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;00 &#40;1&#46;00&#8211;8&#46;00&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;00 &#40;7&#46;00&#8211;12&#46;00&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Short stay &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>154&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prolonged stay &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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