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The new definitions of SEPSIS and SEPTIC SHOCK: What do they give us? An answer
Las nuevas definiciones de SEPSIS y CHOQUE SÉPTICO: ¿Qué nos ofrecen? Una respuesta
M. Singer
University College London, London, UK
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"tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "44" "paginaFinal" => "52" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Monitorizando la microcirculación en el paciente séptico: ¿en qué punto estamos?" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 560 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 160214 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cytocam-Incident Dark Field (IDF) images of sublingual microcirculation. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Image A</span>: early phase septic shock patient. A decrease of vessel density and of perfused vessels, and an increase of non-perfused/under-perfused vessels can be observed. Although not appreciable in static images, heterogeneity of microvascular blood flow velocity between coexisting areas is also present (normal or high microvascular blood flow vessels in close vicinity to non-perfused or low microvascular blood flow vessels). <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Image B</span>: healthy volunteer. A normal vessel density and proportion of perfused vessels can be observed. Although not appreciable in static images, microvascular blood flow velocity is normal and homogeneous overall the studied areas. (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Images courtesy of Braedius Medical and Prof. D. Payen, H. Lariboisiere</span>).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "G. Gruartmoner, J. Mesquida, C. Ince" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." 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"apellidos" => "Ince" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572717300103?idApp=WMIE" "url" => "/21735727/0000004100000001/v1_201703040056/S2173572717300103/v1_201703040056/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S2173572717300085" "issn" => "21735727" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medine.2017.02.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-01-01" "aid" => "917" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEMICYUC" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2017;41:38-40" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1871 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 159 "HTML" => 1113 "PDF" => 599 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Point of view</span>" "titulo" => "New definition of sepsis and septic shock: What does it give us?" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "38" "paginaFinal" => "40" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Nueva definición de sepsis y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shock</span> séptico: ¿qué nos ofrece?" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1514 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 145657 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The “CHAOS Theory” concepts.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Rodríguez, I. Martín-Loeches, J.C. Yébenes" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Martín-Loeches" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.C." "apellidos" => "Yébenes" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572717300085?idApp=WMIE" "url" => "/21735727/0000004100000001/v1_201703040056/S2173572717300085/v1_201703040056/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Point of view</span>" "titulo" => "The new definitions of SEPSIS and SEPTIC SHOCK: What do they give us? An answer" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "41" "paginaFinal" => "43" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Singer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Singer" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "m.singer@ucl.ac.uk" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "University College London, London, UK" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Las nuevas definiciones de SEPSIS y CHOQUE SÉPTICO: ¿Qué nos ofrecen? Una respuesta" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Can I thank Dr Rodriguez and colleagues<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> for engendering debate and discussion on the new Sepsis-3 definitions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> This is a valuable exercise not only to raise queries and thoughts, but also to clarify misconceptions. Below, using a combination of science and data, I shall gently pick apart each of their assertions to demonstrate the flaws and inconsistencies in their arguments.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main reason why SIRS was not included in the operationalization of the new sepsis definition was actually based on pathophysiology. The SIRS criteria are not particularly good in distinguishing a normal and appropriate host response to an infection from an inappropriate response resulting in a more serious infection. A bad cold will thus qualify as ‘sepsis’ in the old terminology if accompanied, for example, by fever >38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C and a heart rate above 90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>bpm. The new definition however describes a dysregulated, life-threatening host response that results in organ dysfunction. Whereas few patients die from a cold, despite having two or more SIRS criteria, a SOFA score ≥2 related to the acute episode does indeed represent organ dysfunction and is associated with a >10% risk of dying.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The semantic argument posed by Rodriguez et al. of 7-in-8 patients admitted to ICU with infection-related organ failure having SIRS misses the point. Rather, the 1-in-8 who did not have the requisite SIRS criteria would not have qualified as having sepsis under the old definition despite having infection-related organ failure serious enough to require critical care, and to result in death in 16%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> By comparison, the new criteria are necessarily all-inclusive as these mandate new onset organ dysfunction.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Bone paradigms have served a useful purpose but are now outdated. There was complete consensus among the Task Force, which specifically included many experts in sepsis pathophysiology, that sepsis represents much, much more than just an inflammatory (pro- and anti-) response. The failure of multiple immunomodulatory trials is testament to this fact. We surely need to take into account other pathways (metabolic, hormonal, bioenergetics, endothelial, etc.) responsible for producing organ dysfunction and not focus simply upon inflammation.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dr Rodriguez and colleagues cite studies that relate the number of SIRS criteria to mortality risk. However, a rise in mortality from 7% to 17% for patients having 2 as opposed to the maximum 4 SIRS criteria does not match up to the difference in mortality ranging from 18% for 1 organ dysfunction, progressing stepwise to 68% for 5 organ dysfunctions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Furthermore, the mortality risk relating to the number of SIRS criteria in emergency room and ward patients is approximately three times lower than the equivalent SIRS score in ICU patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> A mortality risk predicated on organ dysfunction (using SOFA, LODS or qSOFA) is far more consistent, nothwithstanding the patient's hospital location.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I am unaware of any hospital using SIRS criteria alone to trigger a Sepsis Code activation. If so, the poor ward response teams would be overwhelmed with multiple emergency referrals, running to see most hospital patients with a raised white count and a temperature above 38.3 °C! Many such patients are not infected,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> let alone need unnecessary antibiotics. With increasing concerns about antibiotic resistance and the need for good stewardship, we must be circumspect in throwing antibiotics around needlessly. Basing antibiotic prescriptions on SIRS criteria alone is thus worrisome. All major studies, e.g. the Surviving Sepsis Campaign registry<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and the Spanish multicentre before-after educational program study,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> have focused on patients admitted to critical care rather than general ward patients. Such patients already had organ dysfunction to merit ICU admission.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is also important to stress that the sepsis definitions, and the criteria that describe them, are not intended to dictate clinical management. A sick, hypotensive yet fluid-resuscitated patient requiring vasopressors should not be treated any differently if his lactate is 2.1 (fulfilling the new septic shock criteria) rather than 1.9 (not ‘septic shock’). Likewise, manifestations of organ dysfunction, e.g. hypotension, oliguria, dyspnoea, should obviously be actively treated without waiting for the clinician to perform a formal SOFA score and then proclaiming ‘Eureka’.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The advantage of the SOFA score for operationalizing sepsis is that it utilizes simple physiological and biochemical tests that should be routinely performed in any sick patient where the clinician is concerned about organ dysfunction. However, the timing of SOFA scoring should be retrospective for coding, research and epidemiology purposes, and after the presumptive diagnosis of infection has been confirmed or refuted. We have offered a much more robust categorization than previously provided. This is sorely needed to improve upon a highly inconsistent epidemiology where sepsis and septic shock means different things to different people. This heterogeneity results in widely differing incidences and mortality rates. Such spurious differences impacts on epidemiology, quality improvement programs, and clinical trial design.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I would also challenge the notion that international guideline campaigns implemented around the previous definitions have “dramatically decreased” mortality. These claims usually rely either on complicated statistical manipulations or huge increases in the denominator with a corresponding dilutional effect – the Will Rogers Phenomenon. For example, one US study reported a fall in severe sepsis mortality from 40% to 27% between 2000 and 2007.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Yet, in the same period the number of cases of severe sepsis rose massively from 300,270 to 781,725, and the actual number of total deaths nearly doubled. A similar national ICD-10 database study has recently been published from Germany;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> in seven years (from 2007 to 2013) mortality from severe sepsis and septic shock fell from 49.5% to 43.6% yet the number of cases tripled and total deaths also doubled. Hardly the claimed “dramatic decrease” Dr Rodriguez and colleagues attest! Correcting for illness severity, there has been some improvement in mortality over time, as shown by recent Australasian<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and UK national data,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> yet this improvement is less marked for sepsis than for patients with non-septic critical illness (Shankar-Hari M., personal communication).</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With respect to quickSOFA can I respectfully suggest the authors read the detail provided in both the main definitions paper<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> and the accompanying paper by Seymour et al.?<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Twenty-eight commonly collected physiological and biochemical variables (including the SIRS criteria and lactate) were evaluated; regression analysis identified the three qSOFA criteria as the best determinants of mortality risk, and a respiratory rate cut-off of 22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>breaths/min was superior to the SIRS respiratory rate cut-off of 20. Unlike the totally arbitrary selection by Bone et al. of the SIRS cut-offs,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> qSOFA was developed from data collected on hundreds of thousands of patients. They also misunderstand the point of qSOFA: we wrote that “<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">adult patients with suspected infection can be rapidly identified</span> (with qSOFA) <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">as being more likely to have poor outcomes typical of sepsis</span>.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>” We were also at pains to stress in the paper that qSOFA is <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">not</span> part of the new definition of sepsis, as re-emphasized in a recent editorial,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> but “<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">be used to prompt clinicians to further investigate for organ dysfunction, to initiate or escalate therapy as appropriate, and to consider referral to critical care or increase the frequency of monitoring, if such actions have not already been undertaken. The task force considered that positive qSOFA criteria should also prompt consideration of possible infection in patients not previously recognized as infected.</span>”<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> We also wrote “<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">It is crucial, however, that failure to meet 2 or more qSOFA or SOFA criteria should not lead to a deferral of investigation or treatment of infection or to a delay in any other aspect of care deemed necessary by the practitioners”</span>.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The beauty of qSOFA – acknowledging that it does need prospective validation in different healthcare settings – is that it can be performed by any healthcare practitioner at the bedside in just 1–2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min – unlike SIRS testing that requires an intrinsic delay of even several hours while blood tests are performed to measure white count and PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I would also remind Dr Rodriguez and colleagues that all the studies claiming benefit from “essential therapeutic measures such as early administration of antibiotics” were all performed on patients with existing organ dysfunction, if not full-blown shock. The ‘essential’ nature of this particular argument is also challenged and undermined by a recent metaanalysis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> and even more recent prospective studies contesting this particular dogma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15,16</span></a> What is truth, indeed?</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, they question the new clinical characterization of septic shock. I would sincerely hope that hyperlactataemia persisting after initial resuscitation does not define a terminal event, as Rodriguez and colleagues suggest. From the Surviving Sepsis Campaign registry of 28,150 patients admitted to ICUs with infection-related organ failure and adequate fluid-resuscitation, upon which we based our criteria, mortality was 42.3% in patients having both hypotension (MAP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg) and persisting hyperlactataemia (>2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmol/l).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Mortality was considerably lower in patients meeting only one or none of these criteria, i.e. 25.7% with hyperlactataemia alone, 30.1% with fluid-resistant hypotension alone, and 25% with organ dysfunction despite a normal lactate and blood pressure. The ‘unexpected low mortality’ they note in recent clinical septic shock trials is actually not unexpected when the criteria used to define shock in these trials are more closely examined. Take for instance, the Early Goal-Directed Therapy studies where a lactate >4 irrespective of fluid resuscitation, or refractory hypotension (systolic BP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg or MAP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg despite resuscitation with at least 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>l of intravenous fluid) determined study inclusion.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18–20</span></a> ‘Shock’ in many of these patients was rapidly reversed with fluid alone and did not need vasopressors, mechanical ventilation or renal replacement therapy. However, only 15–20% of patients entered into these trials fulfilled the much tighter clinical criteria required by the new septic shock definition. Our systematic review showed multiple criteria have been used in the literature to describe septic shock.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> This however generated a ten-fold variation in incidence and a four-fold variation in mortality. We thus need to talk the same language to make sensible national, international or temporal comparisons.</p><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack271159" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 3 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-10-17" "fechaAceptado" => "2016-10-23" "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "(in press)" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "New definition of SEPSIS and SEPTIC SHOCK: what gives us?" 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Bauer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Med Assoc" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "315" "paginaInicial" => "801" "paginaFinal" => "810" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mortality related to severe sepsis and septic shock among critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand, 2000–2012" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "K.M. Kaukonen" 1 => "M. Bailey" 2 => "S. Suzuki" 3 => "D. Pilcher" 4 => "R. Bellomo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Med Assoc" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "311" "paginaInicial" => "1308" "paginaFinal" => "1316" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "(in press)" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Differences in impact of definitional elements on mortality precludes international comparisons of sepsis epidemiology-a cohort study illustrating the need for standardized reporting" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Shankar-Hari" 1 => "D.A. Harrison" 2 => "K.M. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2024 October | 158 | 69 | 227 |
| 2024 September | 144 | 50 | 194 |
| 2024 August | 179 | 64 | 243 |
| 2024 July | 184 | 45 | 229 |
| 2024 June | 201 | 106 | 307 |
| 2024 May | 143 | 50 | 193 |
| 2024 April | 105 | 40 | 145 |
| 2024 March | 66 | 23 | 89 |
| 2024 February | 62 | 38 | 100 |
| 2024 January | 69 | 30 | 99 |
| 2023 December | 82 | 33 | 115 |
| 2023 November | 80 | 55 | 135 |
| 2023 October | 66 | 63 | 129 |
| 2023 September | 51 | 46 | 97 |
| 2023 August | 37 | 21 | 58 |
| 2023 July | 38 | 29 | 67 |
| 2023 June | 39 | 18 | 57 |
| 2023 May | 70 | 27 | 97 |
| 2023 April | 67 | 24 | 91 |
| 2023 March | 91 | 47 | 138 |
| 2023 February | 74 | 37 | 111 |
| 2023 January | 58 | 24 | 82 |
| 2022 December | 96 | 31 | 127 |
| 2022 November | 104 | 51 | 155 |
| 2022 October | 113 | 48 | 161 |
| 2022 September | 60 | 41 | 101 |
| 2022 August | 98 | 59 | 157 |
| 2022 July | 112 | 45 | 157 |
| 2022 June | 53 | 37 | 90 |
| 2022 May | 56 | 44 | 100 |
| 2022 April | 55 | 43 | 98 |
| 2022 March | 85 | 60 | 145 |
| 2022 February | 70 | 46 | 116 |
| 2022 January | 83 | 42 | 125 |
| 2021 December | 46 | 50 | 96 |
| 2021 November | 50 | 33 | 83 |
| 2021 October | 114 | 88 | 202 |
| 2021 September | 58 | 43 | 101 |
| 2021 August | 55 | 47 | 102 |
| 2021 July | 43 | 34 | 77 |
| 2021 June | 55 | 23 | 78 |
| 2021 May | 111 | 56 | 167 |
| 2021 April | 348 | 149 | 497 |
| 2021 March | 240 | 74 | 314 |
| 2021 February | 129 | 41 | 170 |
| 2021 January | 108 | 46 | 154 |
| 2020 December | 34 | 38 | 72 |
| 2020 November | 27 | 28 | 55 |
| 2020 October | 39 | 30 | 69 |
| 2020 September | 32 | 14 | 46 |
| 2020 August | 33 | 16 | 49 |
| 2020 July | 23 | 11 | 34 |
| 2020 June | 28 | 16 | 44 |
| 2020 May | 23 | 10 | 33 |
| 2020 April | 22 | 16 | 38 |
| 2020 March | 14 | 15 | 29 |
| 2020 February | 25 | 27 | 52 |
| 2020 January | 17 | 22 | 39 |
| 2019 December | 33 | 15 | 48 |
| 2019 November | 27 | 25 | 52 |
| 2019 October | 27 | 13 | 40 |
| 2019 September | 29 | 23 | 52 |
| 2019 August | 30 | 15 | 45 |
| 2019 July | 20 | 17 | 37 |
| 2019 June | 9 | 14 | 23 |
| 2019 May | 34 | 16 | 50 |
| 2019 April | 13 | 18 | 31 |
| 2019 March | 17 | 32 | 49 |
| 2019 February | 22 | 25 | 47 |
| 2019 January | 15 | 23 | 38 |
| 2018 December | 51 | 35 | 86 |
| 2018 November | 40 | 48 | 88 |
| 2018 October | 86 | 25 | 111 |
| 2018 September | 38 | 8 | 46 |
| 2018 August | 14 | 6 | 20 |
| 2018 July | 28 | 14 | 42 |
| 2018 June | 36 | 10 | 46 |
| 2018 May | 15 | 4 | 19 |
| 2018 April | 59 | 10 | 69 |
| 2018 March | 37 | 8 | 45 |
| 2018 February | 72 | 6 | 78 |
| 2018 January | 43 | 11 | 54 |
| 2017 December | 74 | 14 | 88 |
| 2017 November | 19 | 11 | 30 |
| 2017 October | 19 | 8 | 27 |
| 2017 September | 18 | 13 | 31 |
| 2017 August | 20 | 9 | 29 |
| 2017 July | 10 | 9 | 19 |
| 2017 June | 27 | 9 | 36 |
| 2017 May | 15 | 7 | 22 |
| 2017 April | 30 | 0 | 30 |
| 2017 March | 0 | 1 | 1 |
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