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and on the material means available&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are different types of medical transport&#46; Depending on the means used&#44; it can be classified as overland&#44; by air&#44; or by water &#40;maritime-fluvial&#41;&#46; Overland transport is the most widely used modality in view of its accessibility and operability&#46; In turn&#44; depending on where it takes place&#44; transport is classified as out-hospital&#44; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; from the site of the emergency to the healthcare center&#59; inter-hospital&#59; or in-hospital&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pediatric transport is a key element in the chain of survival in critically ill children and for the provision of healthcare continuity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The importance of organizing a pediatric system differentiated from adult transport is due to the specific characteristics of pediatric patients&#44; which have their own specific physiological and disease parameters&#46; Furthermore&#44; pediatric transfer often requires the use of materials and treatment techniques different from those used in adults&#8211;and this in turn implies the need for specific training on the part of the staff in charge of transport&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite its importance&#44; no large multicenter studies have analyzed the characteristics and needs of pediatric transport&#8211;such information being essential in order to plan and organize a transport system for this particular population group&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study analyzes and compares the organization of inter-hospital pediatric and neonatal transport in Spain&#44; Portugal and Latin America&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Methods</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A prospective observational study was carried out based on a survey distributed by e-mail among pediatric care supervisors belonging to hospitals and transport systems in Spain&#44; Portugal and Latin America&#46; An invitation to participate was also sent through the Spanish Society of Pediatric Intensive Care &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Cuidados Intensivos Pedi&#225;tricos</span> &#91;SECIP&#93;&#41; and the Latin American Society of Pediatric Intensive Care &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sociedad Latinoamericana de Cuidados Intensivos Pedi&#225;tricos</span> &#91;SLACIP&#93;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The survey was structured into three levels&#58; national&#44; regional and local transport &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; in the town or city where the hospital is located&#41;&#46; The following variables were collected for each level&#58; type of system &#40;unified&#44; neonatal&#44; pediatric or mixed&#59; public or private&#41;&#59; care period&#44; the existence or not of a coordinating center&#44; and location&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition&#44; an analysis was made of the following characteristics of each hospital included in the study&#58; pediatric population covered&#59; age range of the attended patients&#59; number of children and neonates transported annually&#59; the most frequent pediatric and neonatal disorders requiring transport&#59; transport system used&#59; type of patients&#59; vehicles used for transfer &#40;overland&#44; by air&#44; or by water&#47;maritime-fluvial&#41;&#59; pediatric and neonatal transfer material&#44; transfer team and training&#59; and the documentation generated during patient transfer&#46; The survey can be consulted in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Appendix B</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data were processed using the SPSS version 20&#46;0 statistical package &#40;IBM&#44; Armonk&#44; NY&#44; USA&#41;&#46; The comparison of frequencies was based on the chi-squared test or Fisher test&#44; according to the number of responses&#46; The Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test was used for the comparison of continuous variables&#46; Statistical significance was considered for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 117 surveys from 15 countries were analyzed&#46; Fifty-five of these surveys &#40;47&#37;&#41; came from Spanish hospitals &#40;in 15 of the 17 autonomous communities in the country&#41;&#44; while the remaining surveys came from 62 hospitals in 13 Latin American countries &#40;Chile&#44; Argentina&#44; Mexico&#44; Colombia&#44; Honduras&#44; Dominican Republic&#44; Brazil&#44; Guatemala&#44; Ecuador&#44; Paraguay&#44; Peru&#44; Costa Rica and Venezuela&#41; and Portugal&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 89&#46;7&#37; of the hospitals are receptors of pediatric patient transport&#44; and 91&#46;3&#37; are the issuers of such transport&#46; In turn&#44; 5&#46;9&#37; of the hospitals have a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit &#40;PICU&#41; only&#59; 11&#46;8&#37; have a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit only&#59; and 70&#46;6&#37; have both Units&#46;</p><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Characteristics of the transport system</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The general characteristics of national&#44; regional and local transport are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All of the hospitals have a pre-hospital medical care system established at national level&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only two countries have a unified national transport system&#46; Portugal possesses a unified inter-hospital system specifically designed for pediatric and neonatal patient transport&#46; This is a public system with 24-hour availability&#44; and is organized into three regional areas &#40;North&#44; Center and South&#41;&#8211;each with its own coordination system&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chile has a mixed &#40;pediatric and adult&#41; unified public medical transport system organized by the Emergency Care System &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sistema de Atenci&#243;n M&#233;dica de Urgencia</span> &#91;SAMU&#93;&#41;&#46; Transport is available 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours a day&#44; and there is a specific local coordinating center per region&#8211;with a regional regulating center and bases distributed throughout the different towns that in turn are regulated nationally by the Ministry of Health&#46; The staff is not specialized in pediatric care but must complete a pediatric transportation course&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Other countries such as Spain do not have a unified national medical transport system&#46; A specific pediatric unified transport system is found in only two Autonomous Communities &#40;Catalonia and the Balearic Islands&#41;&#46; The rest of the Communities have a mixed unified system for adults and children&#44; and some Communities such as Madrid offer specific neonatal transport&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The rest of the Latin American countries have no unified transport system&#58; public and private systems that are not of a specifically pediatric nature are seen to coexist&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristics of the patients&#44; transport means&#44; teams and training are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In most cases transport team training is not structured&#58; there are variations in its theoretical and practical dimensions&#44; organization by the Department of Emergency Care or the PICU&#44; and in the frequency of training&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The available neonatal and pediatric transport material is described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the generated documentation&#44; all of the hospitals make use of a specific form containing the data referred to transfer &#40;patient information&#44; treatments&#44; evolution&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; and 58&#46;8&#37; require written informed consent&#46;</p><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Assessment of the transport system</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only 17 of the 117 surveys &#40;14&#46;5&#37;&#41; assessed the transport system&#46; Of these&#44; 11&#46;8&#37; consider the transport system in their locality to be adequate&#59; 23&#46;5&#37; consider it to be sufficient&#59; and 64&#46;7&#37; believe transport is insufficient and needs to be improved&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Comparison between the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> summarizes the comparison of the different transport systems between the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Transport system</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medical transport is more unified in Spain and Portugal&#44; and is more often of public and specifically pediatric or neonatal compared with Latin America&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Transport means</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The use of mobile ICUs and medicalized helicopters as transport means is more common on the Iberian Peninsula&#44; while in Latin America conventional ambulances and aircraft ambulances mark the tendency &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Transport material</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the Iberian Peninsula&#44; the teams have a greater availability of transport material&#8211;both pediatric and neonatal&#8211;than in Latin America &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0020">Figs&#46; 4 and 5</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Transport team</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A specific pediatric training system for the medical transport staff is more frequently found in Portugal and Spain than in Latin America &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Fig&#46; 6</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Discussion</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the first international multicenter study including data from 15 countries to analyze the characteristics of inter-hospital pediatric transport&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pediatric transport is a high-risk situation and so must be carried out by adequately trained staff with material resources adapted to the size&#44; age and characteristics of the patient&#46; Several authors have demonstrated the importance of creating medical transport teams specialized in pediatric patients&#44; with nursing staff trained in the care of pediatric and neonatal patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a> It has been shown that although transport carried out by teams with these characteristics may imply longer response times&#44; the outcomes are better in terms of clinical evolution and survival&#44; with fewer adverse events&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#8211;5</span></a></p><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">General characteristics of transport</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results show that at present&#44; most of the surveyed countries do not have a unified pediatric transport system&#44; and most children are transferred by non-pediatric teams&#46; The coexistence of different models&#8211;public and private&#44; pediatric and adult&#44; neonatal or pediatric&#44; local and regional&#8211;within one same area is relatively common&#44; and this makes the optimization of human and material resources difficult&#46; Only Portugal&#44; Catalonia and the Balearic Islands have a unified specific pediatric transport system&#44; and these are precisely the only areas that hold a positive view of the system&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a> On the other hand&#44; the training of medical transport staff is generally inadequate&#46; Very few hospitals have transport training programs&#44; and many teams do not have specific pediatric training&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Little information is available on the organization of medical transport in other countries&#46; In relation to adults&#44; The Netherlands&#44; United Kingdom&#44; Australia and New Zealand expect all hospitals to be able to transport critical patients by means of their own specialized staff&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In the United States&#44; the composition of the teams is not homogeneous&#44; and in many hospitals the teams are composed of a nurse&#44; a paramedic and a driver&#8211;though some teams are highly trained&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In Canada&#44; many critical patient transport teams also operate without a physician&#46; However&#44; the paramedics are well trained and are experienced in emergencies and the transfer of critical patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is very difficult to establish teams specialized in the transport of pediatric patients in all hospitals&#46; The most reasonable solution therefore might be to organize a coordinating center at regional or local level&#44; with specifically pediatric and neonatal transport teams dependent upon some of the receptor hospital centers in the region&#8211;as successfully occurs in Portugal&#44; Catalonia and the Balearic Islands&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Furthermore&#44; it is important to note that only 67&#46;5&#37; of the teams are equipped with a mobile ICU&#44; and only 27&#46;7&#37; have a mobile ICU adapted to pediatric patients&#8211;despite the studies that show transport under the best possible conditions to lessen the incidence of adverse events &#40;medical or technical&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a> Technical incidents represent up to 46&#37; of the total&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> which underscores the importance of adequate knowledge of the equipment used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In coincidence with other studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> the disorders most often requiring transport are of a respiratory&#44; cardiac and traumatic nature&#44; together with specifically pediatric conditions such as prematurity&#44; congenital heart disease or meconial aspiration syndrome&#46; These circumstances in turn require specific knowledge and practical experience&#46; Consequently&#44; specific theoretical and practical staff training is a crucial aspect of medical transport&#44; along with the availability of clinical guides as support for the diagnosis&#44; management and transfer of critical patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Comparison between the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medical transport on the Iberian Peninsula is generally public&#44; is more often unified&#44; and has more specific pediatric and neonatal transport teams&#44; which moreover receive greater training in patient transport&#46; With regard to the material resources on the Peninsula&#44; the use of a mobile ICU as means of transport is more common&#44; and the teams have more both pediatric and neonatal care material than in Latin America&#46; These imbalances are probably due in part to economic differences between countries&#44; though health system organization capacity and awareness of medical transport as an important healthcare and social need also exert an influence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> The existing differences are further accentuated by the greater need for pediatric transport in Latin America&#44; where there are generally greater contrasts in healthcare coverage between the different hospitals&#44; and the geographical distances are moreover greater&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">National and international collaboration is very important to overcome these differences&#46; Although there is some experience in pediatric transport training through the collaboration of expert teams such as for example in Honduras&#44; a multinational work network is needed&#46; In this sense&#44; the creation of a Latin American Pediatric Transport Network &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Red Iberoamericana de Transporte Pedi&#225;trica</span> &#91;RITRANSPED&#93;&#41; has been proposed as a means to coordinate the efforts of the different countries&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Study limitations</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study has several limitations&#46; Firstly&#44; the data were obtained from an open survey&#44; with a non-homogeneous geographical distribution of the hospitals included in the study&#44; and we received a larger number of completed surveys from certain regions generally corresponding to the most populated cities&#46; Because of this&#44; the study might not exactly reflect the situation of pediatric transport&#44; particularly in Latin America&#44; where there is an enormous pediatric population and healthcare organization is highly diverse&#46; On the other hand&#44; the number of surveys returned from each country was not enough to allow comparisons by countries&#46; In this regard&#44; our study only analyzes a small sample not fully representative of the real situation in Latin America&#59; the statistical conclusions are therefore of limited validity&#46; Nevertheless&#44; our results are useful in illustrating the main characteristics and shortcomings of the pediatric transport systems&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast to the above&#44; the number of responding centers in Spain was very high &#40;54 hospitals&#41;&#44; and this means that the results obtained reliably reflect the situation of pediatric transport in this country&#46; Information was only lacking from certain Communities such as the Canary Islands&#44; La Rioja and the cities of Ceuta and Melilla&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; our study only addresses the general characteristics of the pediatric transport system&#46; The creation of a clinical pediatric transport registry is needed at national and international level in order to assess the problems and requirements of transport&#44; and to facilitate its organization and efficacy&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lastly&#44; the survey does not analyze the in-hospital transfer systems&#44; which are also of great clinical relevance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conclusion</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; there is great variability in the organization of pediatric transport in each country and region of the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America&#46; In most settings&#44; there is no unified and specific pediatric transport system&#44; with qualified and trained staff&#44; or with specific transfer material resources&#46; In general&#44; medical transport on the Iberian Peninsula is more often unified&#44; with more specific pediatric and neonatal transport teams&#44; and these moreover receive greater training in patient transport and have more material resources than in Latin America&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our data may serve as a basis for further prospective studies and the drafting of recommendations referred to transport system organization at national and international level&#46; It is the responsibility of the government authorities to ensure the design and organization of a unified pediatric transport system including the necessary transfer material resources&#44; specific pediatric transport teams&#44; and a well-structured staff training program&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Authorship</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sara de la Mata&#44; Mar&#237;a Escobar&#44; Mar&#237;a Cabrerizo&#44; Marta G&#243;mez&#58; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; drafting of the study&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rafael Gonz&#225;lez&#58; study design&#59; data analysis and interpretation&#59; drafting of the study&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jes&#250;s L&#243;pez-Herce Cid&#58; study design&#59; data analysis and interpretation&#59; drafting of the study&#59; study supervision and coordination&#46;</p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Investigators of the Pediatric Transport Study Group&#58; Boris Brandstrup Azuero&#44; Jimena Del Castillo&#44; Pedro Dom&#237;nguez Sampedro&#44; Sarah Fern&#225;ndez Lafever&#44; Rafael Gonz&#225;lez&#44; Jorge L&#243;pez Gonz&#225;lez&#44; Maria Jos&#233; Solana Garc&#237;a&#44; Javier Urbano Villaescusa&#58; study design&#59; study diffusion&#59; data interpretation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To study the organization of inter-hospital transport of pediatric and neonatal patients in Spain&#44; Portugal and Latin America&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Design</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An observational study was performed&#46; An on-line survey was sent by email including questions about characteristics of national&#44; regional and local health transport systems&#44; vehicles&#44; material&#44; and composition of the transport team and their training&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Setting</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hospital pediatric healthcare professionals treating children in Spain&#44; Portugal and Latin America&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 117 surveys from 15 countries were analyzed&#46; Of them&#44; 55 &#40;47&#37;&#41; come from 15 regions of Spain and the rest from Portugal and 13 Latin American countries&#46; The inter-hospital transport of pediatric patients is unified only in the Spanish regions of Baleares and Catalu&#241;a and in Portugal&#46; Chile has a mixed unified transport system for pediatric and adult patients&#46; Only 51&#46;4&#37; of responders have an educational program for the transport personnel&#44; and only in 36&#46;4&#37; of them the educational program is specific for pediatric patients&#46; In Spain and Portugal the transport is executed mostly by public entities&#44; while in Latin America public and private systems coexist&#46; Specific pediatric equipment is more frequent in the transport teams in the Iberian Peninsula than in Latin American teams&#46; The specific pediatric transport training is less frequent for teams in Latin America than on Spain and Portugal&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There is a great variation in the organization of children transport in each country and region&#46; Most of countries and cities do not have unified and specific teams of pediatric transport&#44; with pediatric qualified personnel and specific material&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Design"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Setting"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudiar la organizaci&#243;n del transporte interhospitalario pedi&#225;trico y neonatal en la pen&#237;nsula ib&#233;rica y Latinoam&#233;rica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional prospectivo mediante una encuesta enviada por correo electr&#243;nico con preguntas sobre el sistema de transporte nacional&#44; regional y local&#44; el tipo y veh&#237;culo de traslado&#44; el material y el personal y su formaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">&#193;mbito</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Responsables pedi&#225;tricos de hospitales de Espa&#241;a&#44; Portugal y Latinoam&#233;rica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron 117 encuestas provenientes de 15 pa&#237;ses&#46; De ellas&#44; 55 &#40;47&#37;&#41; proced&#237;an de 15 comunidades aut&#243;nomas de Espa&#241;a y el resto de Portugal y de 13 pa&#237;ses latinoamericanos&#46; Muy pocas regiones y ciudades tienen un sistema de transporte pedi&#225;trico y neonatal espec&#237;fico&#46; El transporte solo est&#225; unificado en las comunidades espa&#241;olas de Baleares y Catalu&#241;a y en Portugal&#46; En Chile el sistema de transporte es mixto&#44; pedi&#225;trico y del adulto&#46; Solo un 51&#44;4&#37; de los hospitales tiene un sistema de formaci&#243;n del personal de transporte&#44; y solo en el 36&#44;4&#37; la formaci&#243;n es espec&#237;fica en transporte pedi&#225;trico&#46; En Espa&#241;a y Portugal los sistemas de transporte son fundamentalmente p&#250;blicos&#44; mientras que en Latinoam&#233;rica coexisten sistemas p&#250;blicos y privados&#46; Los equipos de transporte de la pen&#237;nsula ib&#233;rica tienen m&#225;s material pedi&#225;trico y neonatal y reciben m&#225;s formaci&#243;n en transporte pedi&#225;trico que los de Latinoam&#233;rica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Existe una gran variabilidad en la organizaci&#243;n del transporte pedi&#225;trico en cada pa&#237;s y regi&#243;n&#46; En la mayor&#237;a de los pa&#237;ses y ciudades no existe un sistema unificado y espec&#237;fico de transporte pedi&#225;trico con un personal cualificado y un material de traslado espec&#237;fico&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
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            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
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            "titulo" => "Dise&#241;o"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "&#193;mbito"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
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          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0050"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
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        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; de la Mata S&#44; Escobar M&#44; Cabrerizo M&#44; G&#243;mez M&#44; Gonz&#225;lez R&#44; L&#243;pez-Herce Cid J&#44; et al&#46; Transporte pedi&#225;trico y neonatal en Espa&#241;a&#44; Portugal y Latinoam&#233;rica&#46; 2017&#59;41&#58;143&#8211;152&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:3 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9674;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">List of collaborators in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0090">Appendix A</a>&#46;</p>"
        "identificador" => "fn0005"
      ]
    ]
    "apendice" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "seccion" => array:2 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Boris Brandstrup Azuero&#44; Mar&#237;a Cabrerizo Ortiz&#44; &#193;ngel Carrillo&#44; Sara de la Mata Navazo&#44; Jimena del Castillo&#44; Pedro Dom&#237;nguez Sampedro&#44; Mar&#237;a Escobar Castellanos&#44; Sarah Fern&#225;ndez Lafever&#44; Marta G&#243;mez Garc&#237;a&#44; Rafael Gonz&#225;lez&#44; Jorge L&#243;pez Gonz&#225;lez&#44; Jes&#250;s L&#243;pez-Herce Cid&#44; Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Solana Garc&#237;a&#44; Javier Urbano Villaescusa&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "List of investigators of the Pediatric Transport Study Group"
            "identificador" => "sec0090"
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following are Supplementary data to this article&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Supplementary data"
            "identificador" => "sec0100"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Availability of pediatric transport material &#40;available <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">online</span>&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Availability of neonatal transport material &#40;available <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">online</span>&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the transport means between Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula &#40;Spain and Portugal&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the pediatric transport material between Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula &#40;Spain and Portugal&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the neonatal transport material between Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula &#40;Spain and Portugal&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the medical transport staff between Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula &#40;Spain and Portugal&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of transport&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">National &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Regional &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Local &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Unified system&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Coordinating center&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Public system&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Public and private&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Private&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">24-Hour availability&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pediatric only&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Neonatal only&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pediatric and neonatal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pediatric and adult&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">General characteristics of the national&#44; regional and local medical transport system&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data expressed as percentages&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Characteristics</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age of the transported children</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#8211;14 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#8211;18 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Several ranges&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Causes of pediatric transfer</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory problems&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiac problems&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Traumatisms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Causes of neonatal transfer</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Prematurity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Congenital heart diseases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Meconial aspiration syndrome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Overland transport</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-medicalized conventional ambulance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mobile ICU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mobile PICU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Air transport</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Medicalized helicopter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aircraft ambulance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Conventional aircraft&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Water &#40;maritime-fluvial&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Transport team</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Team belonging to the hospital&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Public transport team&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Private transport team&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Combination of several systems&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No specific transport&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Transport staff</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Specific of pediatric transport &#40;physician and nurse&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Staff of the PICU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emergency care services&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Staff belonging to the issuing hospital&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Paramedics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Different combinations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staff training</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Transport staff training system&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Specific training in pediatric transport&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Latin America &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Spain and Portugal &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Unified regional transport</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;007&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Unified local transport</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;341&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Type of system</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pediatric&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neonatal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pediatric and neonatal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pediatric and adult&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Public transport</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">96&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">24-Hour availability</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;467&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coordinating center</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">77&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;185&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Transport team</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Specific of the hospital&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Original
Pediatric and neonatal transport in Spain, Portugal and Latin America
Transporte pediátrico y neonatal en España, Portugal y Latinoamérica
S. de la Mataa, M. Escobarb, M. Cabrerizob, M. Gómezb, R. Gonzálezc, J. López-Herce Cidb,
Corresponding author
pielvi@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Pediatric Transport Study Group
a Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
c Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medical transport takes human and material medical care resources to places that lack such resources&#44; and in turn takes the ill patient to the place where medical care resources are available&#8211;this being particularly important when intensive care or emergency surgery is needed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medical transport is of vital importance within the chain of care&#46; Although speed is clearly an important factor in the emergency transfer of patients&#44; the quality of transport is crucial&#8211;and this fundamentally depends on the organization&#44; coordination and preparation of the transport system and equipment&#44; and on the material means available&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are different types of medical transport&#46; Depending on the means used&#44; it can be classified as overland&#44; by air&#44; or by water &#40;maritime-fluvial&#41;&#46; Overland transport is the most widely used modality in view of its accessibility and operability&#46; In turn&#44; depending on where it takes place&#44; transport is classified as out-hospital&#44; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; from the site of the emergency to the healthcare center&#59; inter-hospital&#59; or in-hospital&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pediatric transport is a key element in the chain of survival in critically ill children and for the provision of healthcare continuity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The importance of organizing a pediatric system differentiated from adult transport is due to the specific characteristics of pediatric patients&#44; which have their own specific physiological and disease parameters&#46; Furthermore&#44; pediatric transfer often requires the use of materials and treatment techniques different from those used in adults&#8211;and this in turn implies the need for specific training on the part of the staff in charge of transport&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite its importance&#44; no large multicenter studies have analyzed the characteristics and needs of pediatric transport&#8211;such information being essential in order to plan and organize a transport system for this particular population group&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study analyzes and compares the organization of inter-hospital pediatric and neonatal transport in Spain&#44; Portugal and Latin America&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Methods</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A prospective observational study was carried out based on a survey distributed by e-mail among pediatric care supervisors belonging to hospitals and transport systems in Spain&#44; Portugal and Latin America&#46; An invitation to participate was also sent through the Spanish Society of Pediatric Intensive Care &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Cuidados Intensivos Pedi&#225;tricos</span> &#91;SECIP&#93;&#41; and the Latin American Society of Pediatric Intensive Care &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sociedad Latinoamericana de Cuidados Intensivos Pedi&#225;tricos</span> &#91;SLACIP&#93;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The survey was structured into three levels&#58; national&#44; regional and local transport &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; in the town or city where the hospital is located&#41;&#46; The following variables were collected for each level&#58; type of system &#40;unified&#44; neonatal&#44; pediatric or mixed&#59; public or private&#41;&#59; care period&#44; the existence or not of a coordinating center&#44; and location&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition&#44; an analysis was made of the following characteristics of each hospital included in the study&#58; pediatric population covered&#59; age range of the attended patients&#59; number of children and neonates transported annually&#59; the most frequent pediatric and neonatal disorders requiring transport&#59; transport system used&#59; type of patients&#59; vehicles used for transfer &#40;overland&#44; by air&#44; or by water&#47;maritime-fluvial&#41;&#59; pediatric and neonatal transfer material&#44; transfer team and training&#59; and the documentation generated during patient transfer&#46; The survey can be consulted in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0095">Appendix B</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data were processed using the SPSS version 20&#46;0 statistical package &#40;IBM&#44; Armonk&#44; NY&#44; USA&#41;&#46; The comparison of frequencies was based on the chi-squared test or Fisher test&#44; according to the number of responses&#46; The Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test was used for the comparison of continuous variables&#46; Statistical significance was considered for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 117 surveys from 15 countries were analyzed&#46; Fifty-five of these surveys &#40;47&#37;&#41; came from Spanish hospitals &#40;in 15 of the 17 autonomous communities in the country&#41;&#44; while the remaining surveys came from 62 hospitals in 13 Latin American countries &#40;Chile&#44; Argentina&#44; Mexico&#44; Colombia&#44; Honduras&#44; Dominican Republic&#44; Brazil&#44; Guatemala&#44; Ecuador&#44; Paraguay&#44; Peru&#44; Costa Rica and Venezuela&#41; and Portugal&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 89&#46;7&#37; of the hospitals are receptors of pediatric patient transport&#44; and 91&#46;3&#37; are the issuers of such transport&#46; In turn&#44; 5&#46;9&#37; of the hospitals have a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit &#40;PICU&#41; only&#59; 11&#46;8&#37; have a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit only&#59; and 70&#46;6&#37; have both Units&#46;</p><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Characteristics of the transport system</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The general characteristics of national&#44; regional and local transport are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All of the hospitals have a pre-hospital medical care system established at national level&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only two countries have a unified national transport system&#46; Portugal possesses a unified inter-hospital system specifically designed for pediatric and neonatal patient transport&#46; This is a public system with 24-hour availability&#44; and is organized into three regional areas &#40;North&#44; Center and South&#41;&#8211;each with its own coordination system&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chile has a mixed &#40;pediatric and adult&#41; unified public medical transport system organized by the Emergency Care System &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sistema de Atenci&#243;n M&#233;dica de Urgencia</span> &#91;SAMU&#93;&#41;&#46; Transport is available 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours a day&#44; and there is a specific local coordinating center per region&#8211;with a regional regulating center and bases distributed throughout the different towns that in turn are regulated nationally by the Ministry of Health&#46; The staff is not specialized in pediatric care but must complete a pediatric transportation course&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Other countries such as Spain do not have a unified national medical transport system&#46; A specific pediatric unified transport system is found in only two Autonomous Communities &#40;Catalonia and the Balearic Islands&#41;&#46; The rest of the Communities have a mixed unified system for adults and children&#44; and some Communities such as Madrid offer specific neonatal transport&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The rest of the Latin American countries have no unified transport system&#58; public and private systems that are not of a specifically pediatric nature are seen to coexist&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristics of the patients&#44; transport means&#44; teams and training are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In most cases transport team training is not structured&#58; there are variations in its theoretical and practical dimensions&#44; organization by the Department of Emergency Care or the PICU&#44; and in the frequency of training&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The available neonatal and pediatric transport material is described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the generated documentation&#44; all of the hospitals make use of a specific form containing the data referred to transfer &#40;patient information&#44; treatments&#44; evolution&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; and 58&#46;8&#37; require written informed consent&#46;</p><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Assessment of the transport system</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only 17 of the 117 surveys &#40;14&#46;5&#37;&#41; assessed the transport system&#46; Of these&#44; 11&#46;8&#37; consider the transport system in their locality to be adequate&#59; 23&#46;5&#37; consider it to be sufficient&#59; and 64&#46;7&#37; believe transport is insufficient and needs to be improved&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Comparison between the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> summarizes the comparison of the different transport systems between the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Transport system</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medical transport is more unified in Spain and Portugal&#44; and is more often of public and specifically pediatric or neonatal compared with Latin America&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Transport means</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The use of mobile ICUs and medicalized helicopters as transport means is more common on the Iberian Peninsula&#44; while in Latin America conventional ambulances and aircraft ambulances mark the tendency &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Transport material</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the Iberian Peninsula&#44; the teams have a greater availability of transport material&#8211;both pediatric and neonatal&#8211;than in Latin America &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0020">Figs&#46; 4 and 5</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Transport team</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A specific pediatric training system for the medical transport staff is more frequently found in Portugal and Spain than in Latin America &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0030">Fig&#46; 6</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Discussion</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the first international multicenter study including data from 15 countries to analyze the characteristics of inter-hospital pediatric transport&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pediatric transport is a high-risk situation and so must be carried out by adequately trained staff with material resources adapted to the size&#44; age and characteristics of the patient&#46; Several authors have demonstrated the importance of creating medical transport teams specialized in pediatric patients&#44; with nursing staff trained in the care of pediatric and neonatal patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a> It has been shown that although transport carried out by teams with these characteristics may imply longer response times&#44; the outcomes are better in terms of clinical evolution and survival&#44; with fewer adverse events&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#8211;5</span></a></p><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">General characteristics of transport</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results show that at present&#44; most of the surveyed countries do not have a unified pediatric transport system&#44; and most children are transferred by non-pediatric teams&#46; The coexistence of different models&#8211;public and private&#44; pediatric and adult&#44; neonatal or pediatric&#44; local and regional&#8211;within one same area is relatively common&#44; and this makes the optimization of human and material resources difficult&#46; Only Portugal&#44; Catalonia and the Balearic Islands have a unified specific pediatric transport system&#44; and these are precisely the only areas that hold a positive view of the system&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a> On the other hand&#44; the training of medical transport staff is generally inadequate&#46; Very few hospitals have transport training programs&#44; and many teams do not have specific pediatric training&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Little information is available on the organization of medical transport in other countries&#46; In relation to adults&#44; The Netherlands&#44; United Kingdom&#44; Australia and New Zealand expect all hospitals to be able to transport critical patients by means of their own specialized staff&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In the United States&#44; the composition of the teams is not homogeneous&#44; and in many hospitals the teams are composed of a nurse&#44; a paramedic and a driver&#8211;though some teams are highly trained&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In Canada&#44; many critical patient transport teams also operate without a physician&#46; However&#44; the paramedics are well trained and are experienced in emergencies and the transfer of critical patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is very difficult to establish teams specialized in the transport of pediatric patients in all hospitals&#46; The most reasonable solution therefore might be to organize a coordinating center at regional or local level&#44; with specifically pediatric and neonatal transport teams dependent upon some of the receptor hospital centers in the region&#8211;as successfully occurs in Portugal&#44; Catalonia and the Balearic Islands&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Furthermore&#44; it is important to note that only 67&#46;5&#37; of the teams are equipped with a mobile ICU&#44; and only 27&#46;7&#37; have a mobile ICU adapted to pediatric patients&#8211;despite the studies that show transport under the best possible conditions to lessen the incidence of adverse events &#40;medical or technical&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a> Technical incidents represent up to 46&#37; of the total&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> which underscores the importance of adequate knowledge of the equipment used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In coincidence with other studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> the disorders most often requiring transport are of a respiratory&#44; cardiac and traumatic nature&#44; together with specifically pediatric conditions such as prematurity&#44; congenital heart disease or meconial aspiration syndrome&#46; These circumstances in turn require specific knowledge and practical experience&#46; Consequently&#44; specific theoretical and practical staff training is a crucial aspect of medical transport&#44; along with the availability of clinical guides as support for the diagnosis&#44; management and transfer of critical patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Comparison between the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medical transport on the Iberian Peninsula is generally public&#44; is more often unified&#44; and has more specific pediatric and neonatal transport teams&#44; which moreover receive greater training in patient transport&#46; With regard to the material resources on the Peninsula&#44; the use of a mobile ICU as means of transport is more common&#44; and the teams have more both pediatric and neonatal care material than in Latin America&#46; These imbalances are probably due in part to economic differences between countries&#44; though health system organization capacity and awareness of medical transport as an important healthcare and social need also exert an influence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> The existing differences are further accentuated by the greater need for pediatric transport in Latin America&#44; where there are generally greater contrasts in healthcare coverage between the different hospitals&#44; and the geographical distances are moreover greater&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">National and international collaboration is very important to overcome these differences&#46; Although there is some experience in pediatric transport training through the collaboration of expert teams such as for example in Honduras&#44; a multinational work network is needed&#46; In this sense&#44; the creation of a Latin American Pediatric Transport Network &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Red Iberoamericana de Transporte Pedi&#225;trica</span> &#91;RITRANSPED&#93;&#41; has been proposed as a means to coordinate the efforts of the different countries&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Study limitations</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study has several limitations&#46; Firstly&#44; the data were obtained from an open survey&#44; with a non-homogeneous geographical distribution of the hospitals included in the study&#44; and we received a larger number of completed surveys from certain regions generally corresponding to the most populated cities&#46; Because of this&#44; the study might not exactly reflect the situation of pediatric transport&#44; particularly in Latin America&#44; where there is an enormous pediatric population and healthcare organization is highly diverse&#46; On the other hand&#44; the number of surveys returned from each country was not enough to allow comparisons by countries&#46; In this regard&#44; our study only analyzes a small sample not fully representative of the real situation in Latin America&#59; the statistical conclusions are therefore of limited validity&#46; Nevertheless&#44; our results are useful in illustrating the main characteristics and shortcomings of the pediatric transport systems&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast to the above&#44; the number of responding centers in Spain was very high &#40;54 hospitals&#41;&#44; and this means that the results obtained reliably reflect the situation of pediatric transport in this country&#46; Information was only lacking from certain Communities such as the Canary Islands&#44; La Rioja and the cities of Ceuta and Melilla&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; our study only addresses the general characteristics of the pediatric transport system&#46; The creation of a clinical pediatric transport registry is needed at national and international level in order to assess the problems and requirements of transport&#44; and to facilitate its organization and efficacy&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lastly&#44; the survey does not analyze the in-hospital transfer systems&#44; which are also of great clinical relevance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conclusion</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; there is great variability in the organization of pediatric transport in each country and region of the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America&#46; In most settings&#44; there is no unified and specific pediatric transport system&#44; with qualified and trained staff&#44; or with specific transfer material resources&#46; In general&#44; medical transport on the Iberian Peninsula is more often unified&#44; with more specific pediatric and neonatal transport teams&#44; and these moreover receive greater training in patient transport and have more material resources than in Latin America&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our data may serve as a basis for further prospective studies and the drafting of recommendations referred to transport system organization at national and international level&#46; It is the responsibility of the government authorities to ensure the design and organization of a unified pediatric transport system including the necessary transfer material resources&#44; specific pediatric transport teams&#44; and a well-structured staff training program&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Authorship</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sara de la Mata&#44; Mar&#237;a Escobar&#44; Mar&#237;a Cabrerizo&#44; Marta G&#243;mez&#58; data collection&#44; analysis and interpretation&#59; drafting of the study&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rafael Gonz&#225;lez&#58; study design&#59; data analysis and interpretation&#59; drafting of the study&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jes&#250;s L&#243;pez-Herce Cid&#58; study design&#59; data analysis and interpretation&#59; drafting of the study&#59; study supervision and coordination&#46;</p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Investigators of the Pediatric Transport Study Group&#58; Boris Brandstrup Azuero&#44; Jimena Del Castillo&#44; Pedro Dom&#237;nguez Sampedro&#44; Sarah Fern&#225;ndez Lafever&#44; Rafael Gonz&#225;lez&#44; Jorge L&#243;pez Gonz&#225;lez&#44; Maria Jos&#233; Solana Garc&#237;a&#44; Javier Urbano Villaescusa&#58; study design&#59; study diffusion&#59; data interpretation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
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          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec823545"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Transporte pedi&#225;trico"
            1 => "Transporte neonatal"
            2 => "Equipos de transporte"
            3 => "Transporte sanitario"
            4 => "Formaci&#243;n en transporte pedi&#225;trico"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To study the organization of inter-hospital transport of pediatric and neonatal patients in Spain&#44; Portugal and Latin America&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Design</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An observational study was performed&#46; An on-line survey was sent by email including questions about characteristics of national&#44; regional and local health transport systems&#44; vehicles&#44; material&#44; and composition of the transport team and their training&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Setting</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hospital pediatric healthcare professionals treating children in Spain&#44; Portugal and Latin America&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 117 surveys from 15 countries were analyzed&#46; Of them&#44; 55 &#40;47&#37;&#41; come from 15 regions of Spain and the rest from Portugal and 13 Latin American countries&#46; The inter-hospital transport of pediatric patients is unified only in the Spanish regions of Baleares and Catalu&#241;a and in Portugal&#46; Chile has a mixed unified transport system for pediatric and adult patients&#46; Only 51&#46;4&#37; of responders have an educational program for the transport personnel&#44; and only in 36&#46;4&#37; of them the educational program is specific for pediatric patients&#46; In Spain and Portugal the transport is executed mostly by public entities&#44; while in Latin America public and private systems coexist&#46; Specific pediatric equipment is more frequent in the transport teams in the Iberian Peninsula than in Latin American teams&#46; The specific pediatric transport training is less frequent for teams in Latin America than on Spain and Portugal&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There is a great variation in the organization of children transport in each country and region&#46; Most of countries and cities do not have unified and specific teams of pediatric transport&#44; with pediatric qualified personnel and specific material&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Design"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Setting"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudiar la organizaci&#243;n del transporte interhospitalario pedi&#225;trico y neonatal en la pen&#237;nsula ib&#233;rica y Latinoam&#233;rica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional prospectivo mediante una encuesta enviada por correo electr&#243;nico con preguntas sobre el sistema de transporte nacional&#44; regional y local&#44; el tipo y veh&#237;culo de traslado&#44; el material y el personal y su formaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">&#193;mbito</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Responsables pedi&#225;tricos de hospitales de Espa&#241;a&#44; Portugal y Latinoam&#233;rica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron 117 encuestas provenientes de 15 pa&#237;ses&#46; De ellas&#44; 55 &#40;47&#37;&#41; proced&#237;an de 15 comunidades aut&#243;nomas de Espa&#241;a y el resto de Portugal y de 13 pa&#237;ses latinoamericanos&#46; Muy pocas regiones y ciudades tienen un sistema de transporte pedi&#225;trico y neonatal espec&#237;fico&#46; El transporte solo est&#225; unificado en las comunidades espa&#241;olas de Baleares y Catalu&#241;a y en Portugal&#46; En Chile el sistema de transporte es mixto&#44; pedi&#225;trico y del adulto&#46; Solo un 51&#44;4&#37; de los hospitales tiene un sistema de formaci&#243;n del personal de transporte&#44; y solo en el 36&#44;4&#37; la formaci&#243;n es espec&#237;fica en transporte pedi&#225;trico&#46; En Espa&#241;a y Portugal los sistemas de transporte son fundamentalmente p&#250;blicos&#44; mientras que en Latinoam&#233;rica coexisten sistemas p&#250;blicos y privados&#46; Los equipos de transporte de la pen&#237;nsula ib&#233;rica tienen m&#225;s material pedi&#225;trico y neonatal y reciben m&#225;s formaci&#243;n en transporte pedi&#225;trico que los de Latinoam&#233;rica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Existe una gran variabilidad en la organizaci&#243;n del transporte pedi&#225;trico en cada pa&#237;s y regi&#243;n&#46; En la mayor&#237;a de los pa&#237;ses y ciudades no existe un sistema unificado y espec&#237;fico de transporte pedi&#225;trico con un personal cualificado y un material de traslado espec&#237;fico&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Dise&#241;o"
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            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "&#193;mbito"
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            "titulo" => "Resultados"
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    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; de la Mata S&#44; Escobar M&#44; Cabrerizo M&#44; G&#243;mez M&#44; Gonz&#225;lez R&#44; L&#243;pez-Herce Cid J&#44; et al&#46; Transporte pedi&#225;trico y neonatal en Espa&#241;a&#44; Portugal y Latinoam&#233;rica&#46; 2017&#59;41&#58;143&#8211;152&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:3 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9674;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">List of collaborators in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0090">Appendix A</a>&#46;</p>"
        "identificador" => "fn0005"
      ]
    ]
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          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Boris Brandstrup Azuero&#44; Mar&#237;a Cabrerizo Ortiz&#44; &#193;ngel Carrillo&#44; Sara de la Mata Navazo&#44; Jimena del Castillo&#44; Pedro Dom&#237;nguez Sampedro&#44; Mar&#237;a Escobar Castellanos&#44; Sarah Fern&#225;ndez Lafever&#44; Marta G&#243;mez Garc&#237;a&#44; Rafael Gonz&#225;lez&#44; Jorge L&#243;pez Gonz&#225;lez&#44; Jes&#250;s L&#243;pez-Herce Cid&#44; Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; Solana Garc&#237;a&#44; Javier Urbano Villaescusa&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "List of investigators of the Pediatric Transport Study Group"
            "identificador" => "sec0090"
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following are Supplementary data to this article&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Supplementary data"
            "identificador" => "sec0100"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Availability of pediatric transport material &#40;available <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">online</span>&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Availability of neonatal transport material &#40;available <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">online</span>&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the pediatric transport material between Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula &#40;Spain and Portugal&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of the medical transport staff between Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula &#40;Spain and Portugal&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of transport&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">National &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Regional &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Local &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Unified system&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Coordinating center&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Public system&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">88&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Public and private&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Private&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">24-Hour availability&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pediatric only&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Neonatal only&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pediatric and neonatal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pediatric and adult&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">General characteristics of the national&#44; regional and local medical transport system&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data expressed as percentages&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Characteristics</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age of the transported children</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#8211;14 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#8211;18 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Several ranges&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Causes of pediatric transfer</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory problems&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiac problems&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Traumatisms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Causes of neonatal transfer</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Prematurity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Congenital heart diseases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Meconial aspiration syndrome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Overland transport</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-medicalized conventional ambulance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mobile ICU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mobile PICU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Air transport</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Medicalized helicopter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aircraft ambulance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Conventional aircraft&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Water &#40;maritime-fluvial&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Transport team</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Team belonging to the hospital&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Public transport team&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Private transport team&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Combination of several systems&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No specific transport&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Transport staff</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Specific of pediatric transport &#40;physician and nurse&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Staff of the PICU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emergency care services&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Staff belonging to the issuing hospital&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Paramedics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Different combinations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staff training</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Transport staff training system&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Specific training in pediatric transport&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Latin America &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Spain and Portugal &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Unified regional transport</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;007&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Unified local transport</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;341&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Type of system</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pediatric&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neonatal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pediatric and neonatal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pediatric and adult&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Public transport</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">96&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">24-Hour availability</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;467&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coordinating center</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">77&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;185&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Article information
ISSN: 21735727
Original language: English
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Idiomas
Medicina Intensiva (English Edition)
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