Current practice in continuous renal replacement therapy: An epidemiological multicenter study

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In 2007, one worldwide multicenter epidemiological study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">2</a> revealed that there are various CRRTs in use today, that the most widely used modality is continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVHF, 53 per cent), that the mean dose prescribed was usually 20mL/kg/h and that the intra-hospital mortality of patients treated with CRRT was around 64 per cent. Likewise, the multivariate analysis of this study showed that none of the variables associated with the therapy (technical modality, material of the membrane, anticoagulation, or dose) had an impact on the patients’ mortality. Then, in 2009, another multicenter, observational study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">3</a> carried out among 30 ICUs also found that higher doses do not have an impact on survival and that if any, they may improve the survivors’ times of mechanical ventilation and stay at the UCI.At that time two (2) different survey studies that would be the foundation of what later would become the two (2) best designed-clinical trials about doses and CRRTs were conducted: the VA/NIH Acute Renal Failure Trial Network Study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">4</a> (ATN), published in 2008, and the Renal Replacement Therapy Study Investigators<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">5</a> (RENAL) study, published in 2009– both of them ratified that the dose of CRRT does not have an impact on the patients’ prognosis. These were the most outstanding findings from those early surveys: the survey<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">6</a> that would be the foundation for the ATN study analyzed 26 centers and confirmed that the intermittent renal replacement therapy (IRRT) was the most common (57 per cent) of all renal replacement therapies (RRT) used in ICUs; when the CRRT was used, the most widely used technique was continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVH, 70 per cent) and in over 80 per cent of all cases, dose titration was not weight-based. In the survey<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">7</a> prior to the RENAL study, 34 centers were studied and these were the findings: the CRTT was the most widely used therapy, and the predilution hemodialfiltration (pre-HDF, 62 per cent) was the most widely technique; dose titration was not weight-based, with an average 2L/h effluent dose. Closer to our country, in England, one survey<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">8</a> conducted among 270 ICUs confirmed that the most widely used technique was hemofiltration (CVVHF, 65 per cent) with doses over 35mL/kg/h in 75 per cent of all cases. In our setting, the FRAMI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">9</a> study showed that 75 per cent of all RRTs were continuous therapies, yet in 10 per cent, the IRRT was used concomitantly and renal dysfunction was high–around 15 per cent.In this context, we decided to conduct one multicenter study in order to know the actual management of these RRTs in the acute patient in our setting, the actual progression of renal function (RF), and the prognosis of patients treated with these therapies.Patients and methodsDesign: Prospective, multicenter, epidemiological study. The ethics committees from the six (6) promoting hospitals approved this study and all agreed that no signature from any written informed consents would be needed given the anonymous and non-interventional nature of the study. However, the patients’ families were informed on the nature of the study and data collection. The remaining centers individually informed their respective ethics committees requesting their approval to participate in the study. The study was designed by six (6) experts in the field of IRRT from six (6) different hospitals; these experts were the principal investigators and promoters of the study. The data collection sheet was designed to avoid any excessive information that might jeopardize the collection of data through an online registry (<a href="http://www.regisfra.com/">www.regisfra.com</a>) that remained active during the stage of study recruitment. The creation and maintenance of this web fell under the responsibility of the industry, and was maintained during three (3) months for the online registry. The statistical analysis was conducted by the head of the epidemiology unit of one of the promoting hospitals within the Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health of the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.Study period: the recruitment of patients spanned between the months of February, 2012 and May, 2012 and the follow-up lasted for 90 days.Inclusion criteria: two (2) different inclusion criteria were needed to be able to participate in the study: age ≥16 years old and receiving one RRT in the ICU. Patients were only included once.Setting: the study was conducted in the ICUs of 21 different hospitals–both second-level regional hospitals and high-tech tertiary hospitals from the four (4) Catalan provinces.Variables of interest: the baseline characteristics of patients such as the demographic variables: age, sex, and the basal plasma creatinine level (creatinineb). When it comes to creatinineb, the levels of creatinine recorded in the hospital files or in primary care during the three (3) months prior to the actual hospital admission were the ones that were taken into consideration. In the absence of prior hospital admissions and if patients were young (<50 years old) and had no comorbidities, the basal creatinine level was estimated at around 1mg/dL. Otherwise, this variable was not recorded. At admission, several severity scores were recorded like the Charlson Comorbidity Index,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">10</a> the Liaño Individual Severity Index (ISI)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">11</a> and the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">12</a> severity score; the type of patient (medical, surgical, traumatic), the clinical data at admission such as creatinine (creatinine0), oliguria0 (diuresis under 400mL/day the first day of admission), nephrotoxic drugs, need for amines and mechanical ventilation. At the beginning of the RRT, the levels of creatinine (creatinine1), the urinary debit during the last 6h prior to the beginning of the RRT (diuresis6hTRR), the SOFA at the beginning of the RRT (SOFA1) and the characteristics of the RRT were all recorded. These were the variables recorded: the location of vascular access (jugular, femoral or subclavian), the type of RRT (CRRT or IRRT), the modality: CVVHF, Pre-HDF, CVVH, the slow continuous ultrafiltration (SCUF), the intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), the slow extended dialysis, or other intermittent modalities. The clinical situation of the patient (sepsis, ischemia, nephrotoxicity, poisoning, multifactor or other) and the reason for beginning the RTT (oliguria or other) were recorded as well. The dose registered was the one prescribed during the first day–in mL/kg/h, but if the dose exceeded 35mL/kg/h it was considered a high volume or flow. Also the duration of the RRT and the need for IHD after CRRT withdrawal were recorded. The withdrawal of the CRRT followed the protocols of each center. Similarly, the recovery of renal function (RF) was recorded–defined as the determination of plasma creatinine levels <1.2mg/dL while not needing RRT in patients without prior RF impairment. Finally, the levels of ICU and hospital mortality were recorded after 30 and 90 days.We tried to complete all conflicting or absent pieces of information by making phone calls or sending e-mails.Statistical analysisFirst, one descriptive analysis of the sample was conducted. Percentages were used for the categorical qualitative variables, and the means and the minimum and maximum values were determined for the continuous quantitative variables.Two (2) comparative studies were conducted aimed at determining the variables associated with the renal function prognosis and the variables associated with mortality.In the bivariate analyses, the variables were compared using the chi square test or Fisher's exact test for small sample sizes. The Student's t test was used for continuous variables of normal distribution and the Mann–Whitney U test was used for continuous variables of asymmetrical distribution.All mortality-associated factors in relation to the moment the RRT was initiated were analyzed. To study mortality, the multiple logistic regression was used: all variables with p values <0.15 obtained using the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression model. Adjustments: high-tech hospitals, sex, setting (medical, surgical, or trauma), oliguria, the Liaño ISI, age, time elapsed from hospital admission to the initiation of the RRT, time elapsed from ICU admission to the initiation of the RRT, and time elapsed from hospital admission to ICU admission, SOFA severity score at ICU admission and SOFA severity score at the initiation of the RRT.p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Data were analyzed using the SAS software, version 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA).ResultsTwenty-one (21) centers participated of which thirteen (13) had Hemodialysis Units, and 261 critical patients were included with the following characteristics: 67 per cent were males with an average age of 66 years old. When it comes to severity scores, the mean Charlson Comorbidity Index was 3, the mean Liaño ISI was 0.64, and the SOFA severity score at ICU admission was 8, and when the RRT was initiated the SOFA severity score was 10. At 30 and 90 days mortality was 42.91 and 54.02 per cent, respectively. The main reason for initiating RRT was oliguria in 82.75 per cent of the patients. When it comes to therapy, catheters were placed in the central vein, and the most commonly used route was the femoral approach (85.6 per cent). Anticoagulation of the extracorporeal circuit was induced using unfractionated heparin sodium in almost all of the centers except for one that had just started regional anticoagulation with citrate. When it comes to the type of RRT, the CRRT was the RRT of choice in 91.57 per cent of the cases being the pre-HDF the most widely used technical modality (86.61 per cent), with a prescribed mean dosage at the beginning of 35mL/kg/h. In 60 per cent of the cases, the dosage titration during the first day of the CRTT was between the ranges of 25 and 35mL/kg/h. Twenty-eight per cent of the patients received a high volume (effluent dose >35mL/kg/h). Patients who received a high volume were in more serious condition both at ICU admission (SOFA0 10 vs 8; p=0.022) and when the therapy was initiated (SOFA1 11.5 vs 10; p=0.045), but their mortality was not different from that of the patients who received lower doses (p=0.74). The time mean of RTT initiation from the moment of ICU admission was one day. The mean duration of the RRT was five (5) days, and after the withdrawal of the CRTT, up to 22 per cent of patients received IHD for another five (5) days. Only 8.4 per cent of ICU patients received IRRT from the beginning of the therapy with a mean duration of therapy of three (3) days. The mean duration of ICU stays was 12 days followed by another 14 days in the hospital ward (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Analysis of renal functionThe patients’ prior RF was assessed and a separate analysis was conducted to separate patients with normal prior RF from patients with abnormal prior RF.In individuals with normal prior RF, the recovery of RF was achieved both in survivors and in absence of depurative therapy if the levels of creatinine at hospital discharge had been normalized (creatinine <1.2mg/dL) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).Thirty five per cent of the patients had an impaired RF (creatinine >1.2mg/dL) prior to hospital admission. In these patients with impaired prior RF, the recovery of RF was achieved when the levels of creatinine at hospital discharge had increased <25 per cent compared to basal creatinine levels.<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Recovery of RF in survivors at hospital discharge scored 85 per cent. One bivariate analysis of the predictors of RF recovery was conducted in patients with normal prior RF and it was determined that there was a correlation between the recovery of RF and lower comorbidity, lower plasma creatinine level both at hospital discharge and when therapy was initiated, and lower need for IHD during hospital admission. Likewise, the recovery of RF was associated with a more serious medical condition when therapy was initiated and also with the fact of being hospitalized in high-tech hospitals (see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Nevertheless, the multivariate analysis could not demonstrate any independent correlations between the variables studied and the recovery of RF.Analysis of mortalityMortality at the ICU was 42.91 per cent, at 30 days it was 46.36 per cent, at hospital discharge it was 48.28 per cent, and at 90 days it was 54.02 per cent. No patient hospitalized due to poisoning or nephrotoxicity or whose initial RTT was SCUF or IRRT died after hospital discharge. The analysis of mortality was conducted both at 30 and 90 days. Since the analyses conducted at 30 and 90 days were so similar, the 90-day analysis was showed since it included all deceased patients. The bivariate analysis showed that the variables associated with mortality were: oliguria, shock, need for mechanical ventilation at hospital admission, the severity scores (SOFA and the Liaño ISI), and a longer period of time elapsed from hospital admission until the initiation of depurative therapy. Results are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>. The multivariate analysis confirmed that mortality was associated with a higher SOFA score at the beginning of the technique (SOFA1 11 vs 8; RR 1.13 and 95 per cent CI: 1.1–1.2; p=0.0007) and with a longer period of time elapsed from ICU admission to the initiation of the RTT (0 vs 1 day; RR 1.02 and 95 per cent CI: 1.01–1.03; p=0.0016). The medical context turned out to be a protective factor against mortality. Results are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionWe showed the results of one multicenter study conducted in Catalonia on the use of RRT in ICUs that confirm that the main reason for administering this therapy is oliguria, that the most widely used vascular approach is through the femoral vein, that the CRRT is the most widely used therapy and that the pre-HDF is the most widely used modality with initial titrated doses of 35mL/kg/h. The type of patient treated with CRRT is that of a 66 year-old male whose mortality will reach levels of 50 per cent after 3 months, which is related to how serious the condition is and with late initiation of RRT. Eighty-five per cent of survivors will recover their RF at hospital discharge.This work was planned as one multicenter, epidemiological study in order to have an in-depth knowledge of the actual management of RRT in Catalonia, after completing one preliminary study conducted in 6 different centers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">13</a> The actual study included 21 ICUs in Catalonia and 261 patients.On the other hand, after completing the study recruitment period, in Summer of 2012, the KDIGO<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">14</a> guidelines (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of acute kidney injury) were published with specific recommendations for the management of acute kidney injuries. Then, after analysing the study data, we decided that we wanted to know the degree of compliance with the KDIGO recommendations yet despite the fact that our study had been conducted before the publications of these guidelines; also we wanted to compare our data to the data from the BEST,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">2</a> ATN,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">4</a> and RENAL studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">5</a>Compared to BEST<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">2</a> study where most patients were treated with CVVHF (53 per cent) and a 20mL/kg/h dose, in our setting patients were cleansed with pre-HDF (87 per cent) and the first day the doses prescribed were 35mL/kg/h. After the publication of the KDIGO guidelines<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">14</a> it is recommended to administer doses between 20 and 25mL/kg/h, yet to be able to administer such doses, usually it is necessary to titrate higher doses. It could be said that in the absence of regional anticoagulation with citrate, as it was the case in our study, the dose titrated at the beginning probably follows the recommendations stated by the KDIGO guidelines. However, we found that 28 per cent of the patients had been treated with high volumes–not recommended by the KDIGO guidelines because no beneficial effects on survival<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260">15–17</a> have been reported and because high doses can increase the rate of RTT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205">4,5,17</a> adverse events. On the other hand, former studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">18</a> seem to have confirmed better prognoses with the administration of high volumes. In our case, patients treated with high flows were in more serious condition but their mortality was similar to that of other patients. So it is possible than in selected patients, when the moment is right and for a limited period of time, high volumes can be helpful but only in expert hands and to minimize dialytrauma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">19</a>Another significant aspect is femoral location as the most commonly used vascular approach; however, the jugular vein approach is used 12 per cent of patients only. This contradicts the recommendations stated by the KDIGO<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">14</a> guidelines where the right jugular vein approach is recommended in the first place. However, more recently, recommendations suggest using<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">20</a> both the femoral vascular approach and the jugular vein approach equally as the two access routes of choice for RTTs, all conditions being equal.The time elapsed between admission and the initiation of the RRT is also controversial mainly because no studies specifically designed to find this out have been conducted.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">21,22</a> The meta-analyses have not been conclusive though it seemed that in the group of surgical patients –where the moment of aggression is perfectly known, the precocity in the initiation of the RRT seemed to be beneficial for prognosis purposes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300">23,24</a> Likewise, the effect that a delayed RRT initiation had on mortality was reported in both the RENAL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">5</a> and ATN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">4</a> studies in such a way that, in the RENAL study, early initiations were accompanied by better prognoses (44.7 per cent mortality at 90 days), while in the ATN, later initiations were followed by higher mortality rates (52.5 per cent at 60 days), with similar conditions of severity. In our case, late initiations predicted worse prognoses. This is of vital importance since the moment of initiation of the therapy is an aspect that the clinician can act upon and, therefore, only depends on our clinical practice.The mortality associated with RRT is still high. And yet despite the fact that the BEST study published in 2007<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">2</a> showed that hospital mortality had dropped from 63.8 to 48.3 per cent in our registry, the fact that one out of every two patients on CRRT will end up dying seems unacceptable. Also the latest clinical trials confirm very somber prognoses. The ATN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">4</a> study shows an average CV-SOFA of 2.3±1.7 and 52.5 per cent mortality at 60 days; the RENAL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">5</a> study shows an average CV-SOFA of 2.8±1.5 and 44.7 per cent mortality at 90 days; and our registry shows an average CV-SOFA of 2.6±1.7 and 54.04 per cent mortality at 90 days. Our registry also provides data on patients’ comorbidities,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">10</a> including the Liaño<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">11</a> ISI severity score that better adjusts the prognosis of patients with acute renal failure. This is how we could confirm that there were patients with a significant comorbidity who were in very serious condition at ICU admission. And yet despite the fact that the other studies mentioned did not implement the ISI, they took other severity scores into consideration, and all studies confirmed that mortality is closely related to the severity of the patient's condition.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310">25–27</a> On the other hand, other studies have also confirmed that mortality is not associated with any other aspects of RRTs (technical modality, effluent dose, etc.).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">2</a>The registry found that up to 86.21 per cent of patients had oliguria at ICU admission. Also it was reported that yet despite the patients’ resuscitation carried out in every center, 82.75 per cent of the patients remained oliguric when the RRT was initiated. Therefore, it is not surprising that the main reason for patients to be titrated with RTT was oliguria. Nevertheless, the RENAL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">5</a> study confirmed that 60 per cent of its patients were oliguric. At this point, we can make two considerations: on the one hand, it is well known that transient oliguria is a common event in ICUs, but not necessarily associated with acute renal failure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">28</a> On the other hand, it is also well known that persistent oliguria of over 12-h duration is associated with worse prognosis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">29</a> which means that the moment of initiation of the RRT should be adequate for every patient in order to avoid having to rush the initiation of the RRT in prerenal patients or insufficiently resuscitated patients, or in order to avoid delaying therapy in patients with very serious condition who may benefit from early initiations of therapy.Recently a couple of clinical trials have been designed aimed at assessing mortality in relation to the initiation of RRT in critical patients with acute renal failure who due to their special relevance are discussed now. On the one hand, the French study AKIKI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">30</a> was analyzed and its results have shown that an earlier initiation of the therapy is not followed by better prognosis (49.7 vs 48.5 per cent mortality at 60 days). However, this French multicenter study has some remarkable peculiarities: patients were randomized once they had been categorized as stage 3 according to the KDIGO guidelines<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">14</a>–moment for the early group to initiate the RRT as soon as possible and for the late group to wait for another 72h. In this study, the strategy used for the resuscitation of patients, the study protocol, the technique used, or the analysis of mortality has not been described. The study authors claim that 55 per cent of the patients were treated with IHD and only 30 per cent of the patients received CRRT. The late group received many more diuretics and only 40 per cent of the patients ended up needing RRT. Patients who did not received RRT had a SOFA score of 10 and mortality rate was 37 per cent; patients who received early RRT had a SOFA score of 11 and 48.5 per cent died, and patients who received late RRT had a SOFA score of 12 and 61.8 per cent died. However, the SAPS III was not significantly different among the three (3) groups. The predictors of the need to administer RRT (analyzed in the late group) were urea, pH and the SOFA score. That is, patients with a more serious condition ended up needing RRT, but it is possible that initiating RRT late was followed by a higher mortality rate. Also, the patients from the late group had more hemorrhagic complications (4 vs 0.3 per cent), in such a way that the only hemorrhagic complication in the early group was due to a bleeding arterial puncture. However, in the late group there were 6 abdominal hemorrhages, 3 cases of hemothorax, 1 hemoptisis, 1 polytrauma bleeding, and 2 bleedings secondary to catheter punctures.On the other hand, we have the German study ELAIN,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340">31</a> that has published different results than the AKIKI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">30</a> study. These authors found that an early initiation (administering the CRRT during the first 8h of a KDIGO stage 2), after a mean 6h randomization was associated with a 39.3 per cent mortality rate compared to a 54.7 per cent mortality rate after later initiations of the therapy (during the first 12h of a KDIGO stage 3), after a mean 26h randomization. In this study, in addition to the KDIGO criterion, the determination of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin >150ng/mL was also a requirement when ruling out any prerenal cases. Patients received doses of 26mL/kg/h of pre-HDF in predilution at a ratio of 1:1 under regional anticoagulation with citrate. In addition to better survival at 90 days, early initiations of the therapy were associated with shorter courses of CRRT (9 vs 35 days; p=0.04), mechanical ventilation (126 vs 181h; p=0.002) and hospital stays (51 vs 82 days; p<0.001). No differences could be seen in the need for dialysis at 90 days (13 vs 15 per cent). No significant hemorrhagic complications were reported. Likewise, the analysis of inflammatory mediators confirmed a significant drop in the concentrations of cytokines in the early group compared to the late group after 24h of randomization that the authors associated with a better survival rate in these patients. However, this study has some limitations: it was conducted in a single center only, most patients were surgical patients and, yet despite the fact that only 35 per cent were septic patients, the average SOFA score was 16–significantly higher than the SOFA score from the studies published and discussed before.Given the importance of these last two (2) studies published about the best time to initiate RRT and its relation to mortality and since our results also establish a correlation between the initiation of the RRT and survival, in a-posteriori analysis we were able to study if the initiation of the RRT in a KDIGO stage 2 or 3 would modify the prognosis of patients, but we did not found any significant differences, although we found a correlation between a worse KDIGO stage and a higher mortality rate. Another remarkable aspect is the “creatinine” component in the KDIGO scale that is more relevant for prognosis in cases of non-oliguric acute renal failure, but not as much in oliguric patients. However, oliguria both at admission and at the initiation of the RRT has a strong correlation with mortality. Results are shown in additional material as supplementary material.However, the moment of RRT initiation should probably be individualized according to the needs of each patient. It will more certainly depend on the patient's severity, thus considering an earlier initiation of RRT in unstable patients after optimal resuscitation with volume that rules out any prerenal states, but it will also depend on the reversibility of the patient's acute renal failure that may be accessed through the use of renal biomarkers,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">32</a> the furosemide stress test,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350">33</a> or even be taken into consideration further in time in stable patients.In spite of all this, we think it is imperative to do more research with well designed, multicenter clinical trials powered to assess the effect that the moment of RRT initiation has on mortality in our setting, in relation to the type of patients we have and the type of therapies we use.Finally, we found impairment of prior RF in 35 per cent of the patients–similar to other studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">1</a> Eighty-five per cent of RF was recovered at hospital discharge–consistent with the numbers of the BEST and FRAMI studies,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195">2,9</a> and was associated with more serious impairment of RF at hospital admission and with comorbidity–consistent with medical literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195">2,34–37</a> Factors, all of them, that cannot be modified beforehand. So older patients with RF impairment and other comorbidities should be closely monitored and, if possible, renal aggressions should be avoided. Similarly, it seems obvious that the RF of patients treated with RRT should be monitored, and follow-up interconsultations by the nephrology unit after ICU discharge should be protocolized.Limitations of the studyThis study has some limitations. In the first place, even though the registry results suggest that the precocity in the initiation of RRT is an independent factor in the survival of these patients, these results come from an observational, epidemiological study with no interventions, and this is why any conclusions drawn should be taken with caution. So the main limitation of the conclusions of this study is that we cannot confirm the existence of an undisputed relation between the precocity in the use of therapy and survival. Secondly, another limitation of this type of epidemiological studies is the inability to control any potentially confounding variables in such a way that the association found between two (2) variables may be due to a third one. That is, it may be possible for one RRT to have been administered early in a prerenal situation with good clinical outcome, or delayed in a critical patient while waiting to see the disease progression in such a patient. In both cases, the prognostic result would depend on this third variable and might confound its relationship with the initiation of the RRT. On the other hand, however, it is also possible that the early initiation of the therapy improves survival. This is something that cannot be affirmed or denied. Finally, the study design determined that recruitment should take place for three months during the spring season, which may not be appropriate or representative of the management of CRRT or the type of patients not treated in such season.ConclusionsOne multicenter, epidemiological study analysing the actual management of CRRT was conducted in Catalonia, and confirmed that mostly it is consistent with the recommendation of the actual clinical practice. Most patients treated with CRRT are oliguric at ICU admission and remain oliguric 6h after the initiation of the therapy, which is the main reason why CRRTs are indicated. The mortality associated with CRRTs is above 50 per cent at 3 months and it is associated with how serious the patient's condition is and how late the RRT was initiated. The RF recovery of survivors was around 85 per cent.FinancingThis paper has not received any financial support.Authors/collaborationsTMT had the idea to conduct this study, collaborated in its design, spread the word for the recruitment period for participating centers, solved the doubts from other researchers on data collection, collected data from his center, reviewed the global database, conducted the statistical analysis and wrote the manuscript; JS contributed to the study design, review the database and proofread the manuscript: EP was one of the people who had the idea to conduct this study, contributed to the study design, spread the word for the recruitment period for participating centers, and solved the doubts from other researchers on data collection; JF was one of the people who had the idea to conduct this study and contributed to the study design; MJLL contributed to his center data collection and reviewed its database; JR conducted the statistical analysis: AN collected data for his center and reviewed the database; PO collected data for his center and reviewed the database; LLS collected data for his center and reviewed the database; FJGM collected data for his center and reviewed the database; CR collected data for his center and reviewed the database, and ARTMT was one of the people who had the idea to conduct this study, contributed to the study design, solved the doubts from other researchers on data collection, collected data for his center, reviewed the global database and proofread the manuscript.Conflicts of interestsWe the authors declare that while conducting this paper there were no conflicts of interests linked whatsoever." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:18 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres838048" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec833770" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres838049" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec833769" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Analysis of renal function" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Analysis of mortality" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Limitations of the study" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 13 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Financing" ] 14 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Authors/collaborations" ] 15 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interests" ] 16 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack281648" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 17 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-03-29" "fechaAceptado" => "2016-07-05" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec833770" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Renal replacement therapy" 1 => "Acute kidney injury" 2 => "Critically ill patients" 3 => "Renal function recovery" 4 => "Prognosis" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec833769" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Terapias de reemplazo renal" 1 => "Lesión renal aguda" 2 => "Paciente crítico" 3 => "Recuperación de la función renal" 4 => "Pronóstico" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to ascertain the most relevant aspects of the current management of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in critically ill patients, and to analyze renal function recovery and mortality in patients undergoing RRT. MethodsA non-interventional three-month observational study was made in 2012, with a follow-up period of 90 days, in 21 centers in Catalonia (Spain). Demographic information, severity scores and clinical data were obtained, as well as RRT parameters. Inclusion criteria: patients aged ≥16 years admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and subjected to RRT. ResultsA total of 261 critically ill patients were recruited, of which 35% had renal dysfunction prior to admission. The main reason for starting RRT was oliguria; the most widely used RRT modality was hemodiafiltration; and the median prescribed dose at baseline was 35mL/kg/h. The median time of RRT onset from ICU admission was one day. The mortality rate at 30 and 90 days was 46% and 54%, respectively, and was associated to greater severity scores and a later onset of RRT. At discharge, 85% of the survivors had recovered renal function. ConclusionsCurrent practice in RRT in Catalonia abides with the current clinical practice guidelines. Mortality related to RRT is associated to later onset of such therapy. The renal function recovery rate at hospital discharge was 85% among the patients subjected to RRT." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "ObjetivoDeterminar las características más relevantes del manejo actual de las terapias continuas de reemplazo renal (TRRC), así como analizar la evolución de la función renal y la mortalidad de los pacientes tratados con estas terapias. MétodosEstudio observacional sin intervención de 3meses de duración en 2012 con un periodo de seguimiento de 90 días, realizado en 21 hospitales de Cataluña, en que se registraron escalas de gravedad, datos demográficos, clínicos y de las TRRC. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes de ≥16 años ingresados en cuidados intensivos (UCI) tratados con TRRC. ResultadosSe seleccionó a 261 pacientes. Un 35% tenía disfunción renal previa al ingreso. El principal motivo para iniciar las TRRC fue la oliguria, la modalidad más empleada fue la hemodiafiltración y la mediana de dosis prescrita al inicio fue de 35mL/kg/h. La mediana de tiempo de inicio de la TRRC desde el ingreso en UCI fue de un día. La mortalidad a los 30 y 90 días fue de 46 y 54%, respectivamente, y se relacionó con peores valores en las escalas de gravedad y con un inicio más tardío de la TRRC. Al alta hospitalaria, un 85% de los supervivientes había recuperado la función renal. ConclusionesEl manejo de las TRRC en Cataluña se adecua a los estándares recomendados por las guías actuales. La mortalidad asociada a las TRRC se relaciona con un inicio más tardío. Un 85% de los pacientes tratados con TRRC recuperan la función renal al alta hospitalaria." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "etiqueta" => "◊" "nota" => "See list of centres and participants in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0075">Annex</a>." "identificador" => "fn0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Tomasa Irriguible TM, Sabater Riera J, Poch López de Briñas E, Fort Ros J, Lloret Cora MJ, Roca Antònio J, et al. Manejo actual de las terapias continuas de reemplazo renal: Estudio epidemiológico multicéntrico. Med Intensiva. 2017;41:216–226." ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "The following are the supplementary data to this article:<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0010"></elsevierMultimedia>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Supplementary data" "identificador" => "sec0070" ] 1 => array:3 [ "apendice" => "Hospital Arnau de Vilanova de Lérida: Lluís Servià, Joana Domingo, Marisa Martín; Hospital de Bellvitge: Miguel Hueso; Hospital Clínic: José M. Nicolás, Pedro Castro, Néstor Rodríguez, Alejandra Hernández; Hospital General de Catalunya: Teresa Doñate, Maria L. Martínez; Hospital General de L’Hospitalet: Raúl Lafuente; Hospital General de Vic: Rosa M. Catalan, Eugenia Castellote; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol de Badalona: José M. Manciño, Loreto Fernández; Hospital de Granollers: Judith Xirgu, Diana Colon, Silvia Garcia; Hospital Joan XXIII de Tarragona: Federico Esteban, Carmen Gilavert, Marcos Ibañez, Carmen Peralta, Olga Moreno; Hospital Josep Trueta de Gerona: Josep M. Sirvent, Patricia Ortiz, Anna Baró, Anna Garia-Fragua, Martí Vallés, Cristina Martínez; Hospital de Manresa: Silvia Cano, Núria Garra; Hospital del Mar: Yolanda Díaz; Eva Rodríguez, Juan Rodríguez, Igini Cao; Hospital de Mataró: Manel Solsona; Hospital Moisés Broggi: Miguel Rodríguez, Pilar Ruiz, Oana Rap; Hospital Mútua de Terrassa: Joan Llibre, Maria A. Martínez, Francisco J. González de Molina; Hospital de Palamós: Rosa García; Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell: Loreley Betancourt, Manuel García, Gemma Gomà, Gisela Gili. Antonio Artigas; Hospital del Sagrat Cor: Mercedes Ibarz, Antoni Pelegrí; Hospital Sant Joan de Reus: Conxita Rovira; Hospital de Sant Pau: Hernán Aguirre-Bermeo, Mireia Cuartero, Montserrat Vila; Hospital de Terrassa: Maria Alvarez, Alfons Arizmendi, Vanesa Arauzo, Ana Saurina; Hospital Vall d’Hebrón: Raquel Albertos, Lluís Llopart, Marcos Pérez, Elías Jatem, Natalia Ramos; Hospital Verge de la Cinta de Tortosa: Marcos Ibáñez, Juan P. Castañeda, José Luna, P. Angelet; Fundació Puigvert: Enric Andrés, Juan M. Díaz." "etiqueta" => "Annex" "identificador" => "sec0075" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "All words containing subindex 0 represent admission at ICU; subindex 1 represents initiation of the RRT.Comorbidity: Charlson Comorbidity Index; Creatinine0: creatinine at admission; Creatinina1: Creatinine at the initiation of the RRT; Creatinineb: basal creatinine; CV-SOFA0: Cardiovascular SOFA at ICU admission; from hospital to ICU: time elapsed from hospital admission to ICU admission; from hospital to RRT: time elapsed from hospital admission to initiation of RRT; from ICU to RRT: time elapsed from ICU admission to the initiation of the RRT; Diuresis6hRRT: urinary debit during the 6h prior to initiating RRT; Dose of CRRT: prescribed dose of continuous therapy; Pre-HDF: continuous venovenous hemodialfiltration; IHD: intermittent hemodialysis; CVVH: continuous venovenous hemodialysis; CVVHF: continuous veno-venous hemofiltration; Oliguria0: diuresis <400mL/day during the first day of ICU admission; SCUF: slow continuous ultrafiltration; SOFA0: SOFA at ICU admission; SOFA1: SOFA at the initiation of the RRT; CRRT: continuous renal replacement therapies; IRRT: intermittent renal replacement therapy; Recovery of renal function: creatinine <1.2mg/dL in the absence of RRT." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Results \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age [years, median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66.2 (16.1–87.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sex [male, n (per cent)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">175 (67.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Severity scores [median (min–max)]:</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Charlson \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (0–17) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Liaño ISI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.65 (0.07–1.12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SOFA0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (0–17) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SOFA1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (1–18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">CV-SOFA0</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0–2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">97 (37.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3–4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">164 (62.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Biomarker of renal function:</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Creatinineb [mg/dL, median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.06 (0.41–7.40) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Creatinine0 [mg/dL, median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.17 (0.3–17.71) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Creatinine1 [mg/dL, median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.87 (0.47–17.71) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diuresis6hTRR [mL; median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">80 (0–400) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Situation triggering acute renal failure: [n (per cent)]</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Multifactorial \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">108 (41.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ischemia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29 (11.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sepsis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">92 (35.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Poisoning \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (1.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nephrotoxicity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (3.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Other \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 (6.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Clinical situation at ICU admission: [n (per cent)]</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Oliguria0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">225 (86.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Shock0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">200 (76.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mechanical ventilation0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">178 (68.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Vascular approach [n (per cent)]:</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Femoral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">222 (85.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Jugular \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32 (12.26) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Subclavian \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (2.68) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Initial RRT:</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CRRT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">239 (91.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IRRT [n (per cent)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22 (8.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dose of CRRT [mL/kg/h; median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35 (10–90) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Duration of the CRRT [days; median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (1–35) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Duration of the IRRT [days; median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 (1–148) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Mortality of CRRT [n (per cent)]: (initial)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pre-HDF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">207 (86.61) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CVVHF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 (7.95) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CVVH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (4.18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SCUF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (1.26) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CRRT and IRRT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46 (17.62) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Mortality of IRRT [n (per cent)]:</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IHD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">76 (96) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Other \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (3.95) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Recovery of renal function [n (per cent)]</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">At hospital discharge (alive=135) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">115 (85.18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Several time frames: [days, median (min–max)]</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pre-ICU days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 (0–120) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ICU to RRT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (0–89) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hospital to RRT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (0–121) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ICU stay \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (1–108) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Stay at hospital ward \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (1–123) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hospital stay \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 (1–208) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Mortality: [n (per cent)]</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ICU \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">112 (42.91) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hospital \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">126 (48.28) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">At 30 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">121 (46.36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">At 90 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">141 (54.02) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1414487.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Characteristics of study patients and renal replacement therapies." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Creatinine0: plasma creatinine levels at ICU admission; Creatinine1: plasma creatinine levels at the initiation of the RRT; Creatinineb: prior plasma creatinine levels at; Diuresis6hTRR; 6-h urine volume collection prior to the initiation of the RRT; Dose of CRRT: treatment doses of CRRT (effluent dose); RF: renal function; High-tech hosp: High-tech hospitals; Liaño ISI: Liaño Individual Severity Index; NS: non-significant (p>0.05); SOFA0: SOFA severity score determined at ICU admission; SOFA1: SOFA severity score determined at the initiation of the RRT; Time from hospital to ICU: time from hospital admission to ICU admission; Time from hospital to RRT: time elapsed from hospital admission to the initiation of the RRT; Time from ICU to RRT: time elapsed from ICU admission to the initiation of the RRT; RRT: renal replacement therapy." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Independent variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Recovery of RF (n=65) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Absence of RF recovery (n=16) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR (95 per cent CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">High-tech hospital [n (per cent)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35 (53.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.5 (1.09–13.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.045 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Feminine sex [n (per cent)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 (50.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (75) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.34 (0.09–1.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Oliguria1 [n (per cent)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51 (78.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 (81.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.84 (0.17–3.07) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mechanical ventilation [n (per cent)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43 (66.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 (56.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.52 (0.49–4.63) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IHD (n) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 (23.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 (68.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.14 (0.04–0.44) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dose >35mL/kg/h [n (per cent)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 (23.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (18.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.8 (0.219–4.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Liaño ISI [median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.71 (0.07–1.12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.58 (0.1–1.06) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.1 (0.5–38.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age (years) [median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59 (20–85) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">68 (16 –83) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.99 (0.96–1.02) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Creatinineb (mg/dL) [median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.84 (0.41–1.19) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (0.6–1.13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.06 (0.002–1.35) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Creatinine0 (mg/dL) [median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.44 (0.3–11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.45 (0.7–9.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.77 (0.6–0.98) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Creatinine1 (mg/dL) [mediana (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.2 (0.5–11) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.9 (1.8–9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.75 (0.6–0.96) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diuresis6hRRT (mL 6h) [median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">118 (0–410) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78 (0–390) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.0 (0.99–1.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time from HOSP to ICU (days) [median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 (0–65) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 (0–26) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.03 (0.98–1.13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time from ICU to RRT (days) [median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (0–35) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.5 (0–14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.12 (0.99 –1.41) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time from hospital to RRT (days) [median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (0–65) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (0–27) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.05 (0.99–1.15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Comorbidity [median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (0–7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (0–9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.73 (0.56–0.94) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SOFA0 [median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (1–16) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (0–10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.1 (0.96–1.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SOFA1 [median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (2–18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (1–14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.22 (1.05–1.44) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dose of CRRT (mL/kg/h) [median (min–max)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35 (19–60) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 (15–42) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.02 (0.94–1.12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1414485.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Bivariate analysis of predictors of renal function recovery at hospital discharge." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Creatinine0: plasma creatinine levels at ICU admission; Creatinine1: plasma creatinine levels at the initiation of the RRT; Creatinineb: prior plasma creatinine levels; Pre-ICU days: days of hospital stay prior to ICU admission; Diuresis6hTRR: 6h urine volume collection prior to the initiation of the RRT; Dose of CRRT: treatment doses of CRRT (effluent dose); Liaño ISI: Liaño Individual Severity Index; NS: non-significant (p>0.05); SOFA-CV: cardiovascular SOFA; SOFA0: SOFA severity score determined at ICU admission; SOFA1: SOFA severity score at the initiation of the RRT; Time to RRT: time elapsed from the ICU admission date to the moment of initiation of the RRT; RRT: renal replacement therapy; CRRT: continuous renal replacement therapy." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Independent variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">141 deceased patients (54 per cent) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">120 alive patients (46 per cent) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RR (95 per cent CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Feminine sex [n (per cent)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">103 (73) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">76 (63) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.24 (0.83–1.84) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age [median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66.9 (21) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64 (22) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.01 (0.99–1.02) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Comorbidity [median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.06 (0.98–1.14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Context [n (per cent)]</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Medical \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45 (32) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 (41) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Surgical vs medical \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">94 (67) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">62 (52) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.43 (0.97–2.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Trauma vs medical \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (1.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 (7.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.34 (0.08–1.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Etiology [n (per cent)]</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sepsis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57 (40) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 (26) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ischemia vs sepsis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16 (13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.7 (0.4–1.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Multifactor vs sepsis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59 (42) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 (40) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.7 (0.5–1.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nephrotoxicity vs sepsis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (0.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Poisoning vs sepsis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (2.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Other vs sepsis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.8 (0.4–1.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">High-tech hosp \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">77 (55) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54 (45) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.36 (0.95–1.95) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mechanical ventilation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">115 (82) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">69 (57.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.08 (1.87–5.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Shock \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">123 (87) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">80 (67) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.65 (1.54–4.56) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Liaño ISI [median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.68 (0.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.59 (0.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.7 (2.4–13.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">SOFA-CV [n (per cent)]</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3–4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">99 (70) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65 (54) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.9 (1.3–2.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">0–2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42 (30) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55 (46) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SOFA0[median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 (7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.1 (1.05–1.15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SOFA1[median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 (6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.16 (1.1–1.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Creatinineb(mg/dL) [median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.1 (0.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (0.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.12 (0.97–1.28) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Creatinine0(mg/dL) [median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.2 (1.94) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.97 (2.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.98 (0.9–1.06) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Creatinine1(mg/dL) [median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.9 (2.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.8 (2.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.96 (0.9–1.04) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Oliguria0[n (per cent)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">131 (93) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">96 (80) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.6 (1.4–6.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.006 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diuresis6hTRR(mL) [median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">75 (135) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 (160) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.998 (0.996–1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.045 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time from ICU to RRT (days) [median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.03 (1.01–1.04) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time from hospital to RRT (days) [median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.02 (1.01–1.03) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Duration of the CRRT (days) [median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 (7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.99 (0.97–1.02) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dose of CRRT (mL/kg/h) [median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35 (10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 (8.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.99 (0.98–1.01) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dose of CRRT >35mL/kg/h [n (per cent)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41 (29) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34 (28) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.06 (0.7–1.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pre-ICU days [median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 (5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 (2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.01 (1 –1.025) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IHD [n (per cent)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 (18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44 (37) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.4 (0.24–0.65) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Duration of IHD (days) [median (IQR)] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.99 (0.97–1.03) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Vascular access [n (per cent)]</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Femoral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">126 (89) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">94 (78) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Jugular vs femoral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24 (20) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.3 (0.2–0.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.007 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Subclavian vs femoral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (3.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (1.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.8 (0.7–4.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1414486.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Bivariate analysis of predictive variables of mortality 90 days after hospital admission." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Cox proportional-hazards regression model adjusted to age, type of center, context, etiology, oliguria, ICU admission and diuresis 6h before the initiation of the therapy, to the SOFA severity score and the initiation of the therapy, to the SOFA-CV at admission and the Liaño ISI, to the time elapsed from ICU admission to the initiation of the RRT, and also adjusted to the time elapsed from ICU admission to the initiation of the RRT." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RR (95 per cent CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SOFA1 (determined at the beginning of the therapy) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.131 (1.053–1.214) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time elapsed from ICu admission to the initiation of the RRT (days) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.016 (1.006–1.026) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Type of medical context in relation to the surgical context \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.617 (0.400–0.952) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1414488.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Multivariate analysis of mortality at 90 days." ] ] 4 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.docx" "ficheroTamanyo" => 131862 ] ] 5 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi0010" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc2.docx" "ficheroTamanyo" => 2490702 ] ] 6 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "eq0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Formula" => array:5 [ "Matematica" => "Formula to calculate increase in creatinine levels:   Δ creatinine=(creatinineat hosp disch−creatininebasal)/creatininebasal" "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si1.jpeg" "Tamanyo" => 5792 "Alto" => 40 "Ancho" => 382 ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:37 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Beginning and Ending Supportive Therapy for the Kidney (BEST Kidney) Investigators. Acute renal failure in critically ill patients. A multinational multicentre study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Uchino" 1 => "J.A. Kellum" 2 => "R. Bellomo" 3 => "G.S. Doig" 4 => "H. Morimatsu" 5 => "S. Morgera" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.294.7.813" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "294" "paginaInicial" => "813" "paginaFinal" => "818" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16106006" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673602094084" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Continuous renal replacement therapy: a worldwide practice survey. 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Current practice in continuous renal replacement therapy: An epidemiological multicenter study

Manejo actual de las terapias continuas de reemplazo renal: Estudio epidemiológico multicéntrico

T.M. Tomasa Irriguiblea,

Corresponding author

teresatomasa@gmail.com
ttomasa.germanstrias@gencat.cat

Corresponding author.

, J. Sabater Rierab, E. Poch López de Briñasc, J. Fort Rosd, M.J. Lloret Corae, J. Roca Antòniof, A. Navas Pérezg, P. Ortiz Ballujerah, L. Servià Goixarti, F.J. González de Molina Ortizj, C. Rovira Anglèsk, M. Rodríguez Lópezl, A. Roglan Piquerasm, investigators of the REGISFRA study ◊

a Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Spain

b Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

c Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain

d Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

e Servicio de Nefrología, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain

f Departamento de Epidemiología, Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain

g Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain

h Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Josep Trueta de Girona, Gerona, Spain

i Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lérida, Spain

j Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Tarrasa, Barcelona, Spain

k Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain

l Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Moisés Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain

m Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acute renal dysfunction is a serious common complication in intensive care units &#40;ICU&#41; associated with the use of continuous renal replacement therapies &#40;CRRT&#41; and reported in 4&#8211;10 per cent<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> of the cases&#46; In 2007&#44; one worldwide multicenter epidemiological study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> revealed that there are various CRRTs in use today&#44; that the most widely used modality is continuous veno-venous hemofiltration &#40;CVVHF&#44; 53 per cent&#41;&#44; that the mean dose prescribed was usually 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h and that the intra-hospital mortality of patients treated with CRRT was around 64 per cent&#46; Likewise&#44; the multivariate analysis of this study showed that none of the variables associated with the therapy &#40;technical modality&#44; material of the membrane&#44; anticoagulation&#44; or dose&#41; had an impact on the patients&#8217; mortality&#46; Then&#44; in 2009&#44; another multicenter&#44; observational study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> carried out among 30 ICUs also found that higher doses do not have an impact on survival and that if any&#44; they may improve the survivors&#8217; times of mechanical ventilation and stay at the UCI&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At that time two &#40;2&#41; different survey studies that would be the foundation of what later would become the two &#40;2&#41; best designed-clinical trials about doses and CRRTs were conducted&#58; the VA&#47;NIH Acute Renal Failure Trial Network Study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> &#40;ATN&#41;&#44; published in 2008&#44; and the Renal Replacement Therapy Study Investigators<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> &#40;RENAL&#41; study&#44; published in 2009&#8211; both of them ratified that the dose of CRRT does not have an impact on the patients&#8217; prognosis&#46; These were the most outstanding findings from those early surveys&#58; the survey<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> that would be the foundation for the ATN study analyzed 26 centers and confirmed that the intermittent renal replacement therapy &#40;IRRT&#41; was the most common &#40;57 per cent&#41; of all renal replacement therapies &#40;RRT&#41; used in ICUs&#59; when the CRRT was used&#44; the most widely used technique was continuous venovenous hemodialysis &#40;CVVH&#44; 70 per cent&#41; and in over 80 per cent of all cases&#44; dose titration was not weight-based&#46; In the survey<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> prior to the RENAL study&#44; 34 centers were studied and these were the findings&#58; the CRTT was the most widely used therapy&#44; and the predilution hemodialfiltration &#40;pre-HDF&#44; 62 per cent&#41; was the most widely technique&#59; dose titration was not weight-based&#44; with an average 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L&#47;h effluent dose&#46; Closer to our country&#44; in England&#44; one survey<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> conducted among 270 ICUs confirmed that the most widely used technique was hemofiltration &#40;CVVHF&#44; 65 per cent&#41; with doses over 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h in 75 per cent of all cases&#46; In our setting&#44; the FRAMI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> study showed that 75 per cent of all RRTs were continuous therapies&#44; yet in 10 per cent&#44; the IRRT was used concomitantly and renal dysfunction was high&#8211;around 15 per cent&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this context&#44; we decided to conduct one multicenter study in order to know the actual management of these RRTs in the acute patient in our setting&#44; the actual progression of renal function &#40;RF&#41;&#44; and the prognosis of patients treated with these therapies&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Patients and methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Design&#58; Prospective&#44; multicenter&#44; epidemiological study&#46; The ethics committees from the six &#40;6&#41; promoting hospitals approved this study and all agreed that no signature from any written informed consents would be needed given the anonymous and non-interventional nature of the study&#46; However&#44; the patients&#8217; families were informed on the nature of the study and data collection&#46; The remaining centers individually informed their respective ethics committees requesting their approval to participate in the study&#46; The study was designed by six &#40;6&#41; experts in the field of IRRT from six &#40;6&#41; different hospitals&#59; these experts were the principal investigators and promoters of the study&#46; The data collection sheet was designed to avoid any excessive information that might jeopardize the collection of data through an online registry &#40;<a href="http://www.regisfra.com/">www&#46;regisfra&#46;com</a>&#41; that remained active during the stage of study recruitment&#46; The creation and maintenance of this web fell under the responsibility of the industry&#44; and was maintained during three &#40;3&#41; months for the online registry&#46; The statistical analysis was conducted by the head of the epidemiology unit of one of the promoting hospitals within the Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health of the Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Barcelona&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Study period&#58; the recruitment of patients spanned between the months of February&#44; 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months prior to the actual hospital admission were the ones that were taken into consideration&#46; In the absence of prior hospital admissions and if patients were young &#40;&#60;50 years old&#41; and had no comorbidities&#44; the basal creatinine level was estimated at around 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#46; Otherwise&#44; this variable was not recorded&#46; At admission&#44; several severity scores were recorded like the Charlson Comorbidity Index&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> the Lia&#241;o Individual Severity Index &#40;ISI&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> and the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment &#40;SOFA&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> severity score&#59; the type of patient &#40;medical&#44; surgical&#44; traumatic&#41;&#44; the clinical data at admission such as creatinine &#40;creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#41;&#44; oliguria<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span> &#40;diuresis under 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;day the first day of admission&#41;&#44; nephrotoxic drugs&#44; need for amines and mechanical ventilation&#46; At the beginning of the RRT&#44; the levels of creatinine &#40;creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#41;&#44; the urinary debit during the last 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h prior to the beginning of the RRT &#40;diuresis<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6hTRR</span>&#41;&#44; the SOFA at the beginning of the RRT &#40;SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#41; and the characteristics of the RRT were all recorded&#46; These were the variables recorded&#58; the location of vascular access &#40;jugular&#44; femoral or subclavian&#41;&#44; the type of RRT &#40;CRRT or IRRT&#41;&#44; the modality&#58; CVVHF&#44; Pre-HDF&#44; CVVH&#44; the slow continuous ultrafiltration &#40;SCUF&#41;&#44; the intermittent hemodialysis &#40;IHD&#41;&#44; the slow extended dialysis&#44; or other intermittent modalities&#46; The clinical situation of the patient &#40;sepsis&#44; ischemia&#44; nephrotoxicity&#44; poisoning&#44; multifactor or other&#41; and the reason for beginning the RTT &#40;oliguria or other&#41; were recorded as well&#46; The dose registered was the one prescribed during the first day&#8211;in mL&#47;kg&#47;h&#44; but if the dose exceeded 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h it was considered a high volume or flow&#46; Also the duration of the RRT and the need for IHD after CRRT withdrawal were recorded&#46; The withdrawal of the CRRT followed the protocols of each center&#46; Similarly&#44; the recovery of renal function &#40;RF&#41; was recorded&#8211;defined as the determination of plasma creatinine levels &#60;1&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL while not needing RRT in patients without prior RF impairment&#46; Finally&#44; the levels of ICU and hospital mortality were recorded after 30 and 90 days&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We tried to complete all conflicting or absent pieces of information by making phone calls or sending e-mails&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">First&#44; one descriptive analysis of the sample was conducted&#46; Percentages were used for the categorical qualitative variables&#44; and the means and the minimum and maximum values were determined for the continuous quantitative variables&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two &#40;2&#41; comparative studies were conducted aimed at determining the variables associated with the renal function prognosis and the variables associated with mortality&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the bivariate analyses&#44; the variables were compared using the chi square test or Fisher&#39;s exact test for small sample sizes&#46; The Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test was used for continuous variables of normal distribution and the Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test was used for continuous variables of asymmetrical distribution&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All mortality-associated factors in relation to the moment the RRT was initiated were analyzed&#46; To study mortality&#44; the multiple logistic regression was used&#58; all variables with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> values &#60;0&#46;15 obtained using the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression model&#46; Adjustments&#58; high-tech hospitals&#44; sex&#44; setting &#40;medical&#44; surgical&#44; or trauma&#41;&#44; oliguria&#44; the Lia&#241;o ISI&#44; age&#44; time elapsed from hospital admission to the initiation of the RRT&#44; time elapsed from ICU admission to the initiation of the RRT&#44; and time elapsed from hospital admission to ICU admission&#44; SOFA severity score at ICU admission and SOFA severity score at the initiation of the RRT&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> values &#60;0&#46;05 were considered statistically significant&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data were analyzed using the SAS software&#44; version 9&#46;3 &#40;SAS Institute Inc&#46;&#44; Cary&#44; North Carolina&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Results</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Twenty-one &#40;21&#41; centers participated of which thirteen &#40;13&#41; had Hemodialysis Units&#44; and 261 critical patients were included with the following characteristics&#58; 67 per cent were males with an average age of 66 years old&#46; When it comes to severity scores&#44; the mean Charlson Comorbidity Index was 3&#44; the mean Lia&#241;o ISI was 0&#46;64&#44; and the SOFA severity score at ICU admission was 8&#44; and when the RRT was initiated the SOFA severity score was 10&#46; At 30 and 90 days mortality was 42&#46;91 and 54&#46;02 per cent&#44; respectively&#46; The main reason for initiating RRT was oliguria in 82&#46;75 per cent of the patients&#46; When it comes to therapy&#44; catheters were placed in the central vein&#44; and the most commonly used route was the femoral approach &#40;85&#46;6 per cent&#41;&#46; Anticoagulation of the extracorporeal circuit was induced using unfractionated heparin sodium in almost all of the centers except for one that had just started regional anticoagulation with citrate&#46; When it comes to the type of RRT&#44; the CRRT was the RRT of choice in 91&#46;57 per cent of the cases being the pre-HDF the most widely used technical modality &#40;86&#46;61 per cent&#41;&#44; with a prescribed mean dosage at the beginning of 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h&#46; In 60 per cent of the cases&#44; the dosage titration during the first day of the CRTT was between the ranges of 25 and 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h&#46; Twenty-eight per cent of the patients received a high volume &#40;effluent dose &#62;35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h&#41;&#46; Patients who received a high volume were in more serious condition both at ICU admission &#40;SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span> 10 vs 8&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;022&#41; and when the therapy was initiated &#40;SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 11&#46;5 vs 10&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;045&#41;&#44; but their mortality was not different from that of the patients who received lower doses &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;74&#41;&#46; The time mean of RTT initiation from the moment of ICU admission was one day&#46; The mean duration of the RRT was five &#40;5&#41; days&#44; and after the withdrawal of the CRTT&#44; up to 22 per cent of patients received IHD for another five &#40;5&#41; days&#46; Only 8&#46;4 per cent of ICU patients received IRRT from the beginning of the therapy with a mean duration of therapy of three &#40;3&#41; days&#46; The mean duration of ICU stays was 12 days followed by another 14 days in the hospital ward &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Analysis of renal function</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients&#8217; prior RF was assessed and a separate analysis was conducted to separate patients with normal prior RF from patients with abnormal prior RF&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In individuals with normal prior RF&#44; the recovery of RF was achieved both in survivors and in absence of depurative therapy if the levels of creatinine at hospital discharge had been normalized &#40;creatinine &#60;1&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thirty five per cent of the patients had an impaired RF &#40;creatinine &#62;1&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#41; prior to hospital admission&#46; In these patients with impaired prior RF&#44; the recovery of RF was achieved when the levels of creatinine at hospital discharge had increased &#60;25 per cent compared to basal creatinine levels&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recovery of RF in survivors at hospital discharge scored 85 per cent&#46; One bivariate analysis of the predictors of RF recovery was conducted in patients with normal prior RF and it was determined that there was a correlation between the recovery of RF and lower comorbidity&#44; lower plasma creatinine level both at hospital discharge and when therapy was initiated&#44; and lower need for IHD during hospital admission&#46; Likewise&#44; the recovery of RF was associated with a more serious medical condition when therapy was initiated and also with the fact of being hospitalized in high-tech hospitals &#40;see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nevertheless&#44; the multivariate analysis could not demonstrate any independent correlations between the variables studied and the recovery of RF&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Analysis of mortality</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mortality at the ICU was 42&#46;91 per cent&#44; at 30 days it was 46&#46;36 per cent&#44; at hospital discharge it was 48&#46;28 per cent&#44; and at 90 days it was 54&#46;02 per cent&#46; No patient hospitalized due to poisoning or nephrotoxicity or whose initial RTT was SCUF or IRRT died after hospital discharge&#46; The analysis of mortality was conducted both at 30 and 90 days&#46; Since the analyses conducted at 30 and 90 days were so similar&#44; the 90-day analysis was showed since it included all deceased patients&#46; The bivariate analysis showed that the variables associated with mortality were&#58; oliguria&#44; shock&#44; need for mechanical ventilation at hospital admission&#44; the severity scores &#40;SOFA and the Lia&#241;o ISI&#41;&#44; and a longer period of time elapsed from hospital admission until the initiation of depurative therapy&#46; Results are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#46; The multivariate analysis confirmed that mortality was associated with a higher SOFA score at the beginning of the technique &#40;SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 11 vs 8&#59; RR 1&#46;13 and 95 per cent CI&#58; 1&#46;1&#8211;1&#46;2&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0007&#41; and with a longer period of time elapsed from ICU admission to the initiation of the RTT &#40;0 vs 1 day&#59; RR 1&#46;02 and 95 per cent CI&#58; 1&#46;01&#8211;1&#46;03&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0016&#41;&#46; The medical context turned out to be a protective factor against mortality&#46; Results are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discussion</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We showed the results of one multicenter study conducted in Catalonia on the use of RRT in ICUs that confirm that the main reason for administering this therapy is oliguria&#44; that the most widely used vascular approach is through the femoral vein&#44; that the CRRT is the most widely used therapy and that the pre-HDF is the most widely used modality with initial titrated doses of 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h&#46; The type of patient treated with CRRT is that of a 66 year-old male whose mortality will reach levels of 50 per cent after 3 months&#44; which is related to how serious the condition is and with late initiation of RRT&#46; Eighty-five per cent of survivors will recover their RF at hospital discharge&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This work was planned as one multicenter&#44; epidemiological study in order to have an in-depth knowledge of the actual management of RRT in Catalonia&#44; after completing one preliminary study conducted in 6 different centers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> The actual study included 21 ICUs in Catalonia and 261 patients&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; after completing the study recruitment period&#44; in Summer of 2012&#44; the KDIGO<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> guidelines &#40;Kidney Disease&#58; Improving Global Outcomes&#46; Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of acute kidney injury&#41; were published with specific recommendations for the management of acute kidney injuries&#46; Then&#44; after analysing the study data&#44; we decided that we wanted to know the degree of compliance with the KDIGO recommendations yet despite the fact that our study had been conducted before the publications of these guidelines&#59; also we wanted to compare our data to the data from the BEST&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> ATN&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and RENAL studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Compared to BEST<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> study where most patients were treated with CVVHF &#40;53 per cent&#41; and a 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h dose&#44; in our setting patients were cleansed with pre-HDF &#40;87 per cent&#41; and the first day the doses prescribed were 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h&#46; After the publication of the KDIGO guidelines<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> it is recommended to administer doses between 20 and 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h&#44; yet to be able to administer such doses&#44; usually it is necessary to titrate higher doses&#46; It could be said that in the absence of regional anticoagulation with citrate&#44; as it was the case in our study&#44; the dose titrated at the beginning probably follows the recommendations stated by the KDIGO guidelines&#46; However&#44; we found that 28 per cent of the patients had been treated with high volumes&#8211;not recommended by the KDIGO guidelines because no beneficial effects on survival<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;17</span></a> have been reported and because high doses can increase the rate of RTT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5&#44;17</span></a> adverse events&#46; On the other hand&#44; former studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> seem to have confirmed better prognoses with the administration of high volumes&#46; In our case&#44; patients treated with high flows were in more serious condition but their mortality was similar to that of other patients&#46; So it is possible than in selected patients&#44; when the moment is right and for a limited period of time&#44; high volumes can be helpful but only in expert hands and to minimize dialytrauma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another significant aspect is femoral location as the most commonly used vascular approach&#59; however&#44; the jugular vein approach is used 12 per cent of patients only&#46; This contradicts the recommendations stated by the KDIGO<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> guidelines where the right jugular vein approach is recommended in the first place&#46; However&#44; more recently&#44; recommendations suggest using<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> both the femoral vascular approach and the jugular vein approach equally as the two access routes of choice for RTTs&#44; all conditions being equal&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The time elapsed between admission and the initiation of the RRT is also controversial mainly because no studies specifically designed to find this out have been conducted&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a> The meta-analyses have not been conclusive though it seemed that in the group of surgical patients &#8211;where the moment of aggression is perfectly known&#44; the precocity in the initiation of the RRT seemed to be beneficial for prognosis purposes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a> Likewise&#44; the effect that a delayed RRT initiation had on mortality was reported in both the RENAL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and ATN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> studies in such a way that&#44; in the RENAL study&#44; early initiations were accompanied by better prognoses &#40;44&#46;7 per cent mortality at 90 days&#41;&#44; while in the ATN&#44; later initiations were followed by higher mortality rates &#40;52&#46;5 per cent at 60 days&#41;&#44; with similar conditions of severity&#46; In our case&#44; late initiations predicted worse prognoses&#46; This is of vital importance since the moment of initiation of the therapy is an aspect that the clinician can act upon and&#44; therefore&#44; only depends on our clinical practice&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mortality associated with RRT is still high&#46; And yet despite the fact that the BEST study published in 2007<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> showed that hospital mortality had dropped from 63&#46;8 to 48&#46;3 per cent in our registry&#44; the fact that one out of every two patients on CRRT will end up dying seems unacceptable&#46; Also the latest clinical trials confirm very somber prognoses&#46; The ATN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> study shows an average CV-SOFA of 2&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;7 and 52&#46;5 per cent mortality at 60 days&#59; the RENAL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> study shows an average CV-SOFA of 2&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;5 and 44&#46;7 per cent mortality at 90 days&#59; and our registry shows an average CV-SOFA of 2&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;7 and 54&#46;04 per cent mortality at 90 days&#46; Our registry also provides data on patients&#8217; comorbidities&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> including the Lia&#241;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> ISI severity score that better adjusts the prognosis of patients with acute renal failure&#46; This is how we could confirm that there were patients with a significant comorbidity who were in very serious condition at ICU admission&#46; And yet despite the fact that the other studies mentioned did not implement the ISI&#44; they took other severity scores into consideration&#44; and all studies confirmed that mortality is closely related to the severity of the patient&#39;s condition&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#8211;27</span></a> On the other hand&#44; other studies have also confirmed that mortality is not associated with any other aspects of RRTs &#40;technical modality&#44; effluent dose&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The registry found that up to 86&#46;21 per cent of patients had oliguria at ICU admission&#46; Also it was reported that yet despite the patients&#8217; resuscitation carried out in every center&#44; 82&#46;75 per cent of the patients remained oliguric when the RRT was initiated&#46; Therefore&#44; it is not surprising that the main reason for patients to be titrated with RTT was oliguria&#46; Nevertheless&#44; the RENAL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> study confirmed that 60 per cent of its patients were oliguric&#46; At this point&#44; we can make two considerations&#58; on the one hand&#44; it is well known that transient oliguria is a common event in ICUs&#44; but not necessarily associated with acute renal failure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> On the other hand&#44; it is also well known that persistent oliguria of over 12-h duration is associated with worse prognosis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> which means that the moment of initiation of the RRT should be adequate for every patient in order to avoid having to rush the initiation of the RRT in prerenal patients or insufficiently resuscitated patients&#44; or in order to avoid delaying therapy in patients with very serious condition who may benefit from early initiations of therapy&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recently a couple of clinical trials have been designed aimed at assessing mortality in relation to the initiation of RRT in critical patients with acute renal failure who due to their special relevance are discussed now&#46; On the one hand&#44; the French study AKIKI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> was analyzed and its results have shown that an earlier initiation of the therapy is not followed by better prognosis &#40;49&#46;7 vs 48&#46;5 per cent mortality at 60 days&#41;&#46; However&#44; this French multicenter study has some remarkable peculiarities&#58; patients were randomized once they had been categorized as stage 3 according to the KDIGO guidelines<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#8211;moment for the early group to initiate the RRT as soon as possible and for the late group to wait for another 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46; In this study&#44; the strategy used for the resuscitation of patients&#44; the study protocol&#44; the technique used&#44; or the analysis of mortality has not been described&#46; The study authors claim that 55 per cent of the patients were treated with IHD and only 30 per cent of the patients received CRRT&#46; The late group received many more diuretics and only 40 per cent of the patients ended up needing RRT&#46; Patients who did not received RRT had a SOFA score of 10 and mortality rate was 37 per cent&#59; patients who received early RRT had a SOFA score of 11 and 48&#46;5 per cent died&#44; and patients who received late RRT had a SOFA score of 12 and 61&#46;8 per cent died&#46; However&#44; the SAPS III was not significantly different among the three &#40;3&#41; groups&#46; The predictors of the need to administer RRT &#40;analyzed in the late group&#41; were urea&#44; pH and the SOFA score&#46; That is&#44; patients with a more serious condition ended up needing RRT&#44; but it is possible that initiating RRT late was followed by a higher mortality rate&#46; Also&#44; the patients from the late group had more hemorrhagic complications &#40;4 vs 0&#46;3 per cent&#41;&#44; in such a way that the only hemorrhagic complication in the early group was due to a bleeding arterial puncture&#46; However&#44; in the late group there were 6 abdominal hemorrhages&#44; 3 cases of hemothorax&#44; 1 hemoptisis&#44; 1 polytrauma bleeding&#44; and 2 bleedings secondary to catheter punctures&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; we have the German study ELAIN&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> that has published different results than the AKIKI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> study&#46; These authors found that an early initiation &#40;administering the CRRT during the first 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of a KDIGO stage 2&#41;&#44; after a mean 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h randomization was associated with a 39&#46;3 per cent mortality rate compared to a 54&#46;7 per cent mortality rate after later initiations of the therapy &#40;during the first 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of a KDIGO stage 3&#41;&#44; after a mean 26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h randomization&#46; In this study&#44; in addition to the KDIGO criterion&#44; the determination of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin &#62;150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL was also a requirement when ruling out any prerenal cases&#46; Patients received doses of 26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h of pre-HDF in predilution at a ratio of 1&#58;1 under regional anticoagulation with citrate&#46; In addition to better survival at 90 days&#44; early initiations of the therapy were associated with shorter courses of CRRT &#40;9 vs 35 days&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;04&#41;&#44; mechanical ventilation &#40;126 vs 181<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;002&#41; and hospital stays &#40;51 vs 82 days&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; No differences could be seen in the need for dialysis at 90 days &#40;13 vs 15 per cent&#41;&#46; No significant hemorrhagic complications were reported&#46; Likewise&#44; the analysis of inflammatory mediators confirmed a significant drop in the concentrations of cytokines in the early group compared to the late group after 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of randomization that the authors associated with a better survival rate in these patients&#46; However&#44; this study has some limitations&#58; it was conducted in a single center only&#44; most patients were surgical patients and&#44; yet despite the fact that only 35 per cent were septic patients&#44; the average SOFA score was 16&#8211;significantly higher than the SOFA score from the studies published and discussed before&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the importance of these last two &#40;2&#41; studies published about the best time to initiate RRT and its relation to mortality and since our results also establish a correlation between the initiation of the RRT and survival&#44; in a-posteriori analysis we were able to study if the initiation of the RRT in a KDIGO stage 2 or 3 would modify the prognosis of patients&#44; but we did not found any significant differences&#44; although we found a correlation between a worse KDIGO stage and a higher mortality rate&#46; Another remarkable aspect is the &#8220;creatinine&#8221; component in the KDIGO scale that is more relevant for prognosis in cases of non-oliguric acute renal failure&#44; but not as much in oliguric patients&#46; However&#44; oliguria both at admission and at the initiation of the RRT has a strong correlation with mortality&#46; Results are shown in additional material as supplementary material&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; the moment of RRT initiation should probably be individualized according to the needs of each patient&#46; It will more certainly depend on the patient&#39;s severity&#44; thus considering an earlier initiation of RRT in unstable patients after optimal resuscitation with volume that rules out any prerenal states&#44; but it will also depend on the reversibility of the patient&#39;s acute renal failure that may be accessed through the use of renal biomarkers&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> the furosemide stress test&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> or even be taken into consideration further in time in stable patients&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In spite of all this&#44; we think it is imperative to do more research with well designed&#44; multicenter clinical trials powered to assess the effect that the moment of RRT initiation has on mortality in our setting&#44; in relation to the type of patients we have and the type of therapies we use&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; we found impairment of prior RF in 35 per cent of the patients&#8211;similar to other studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Eighty-five per cent of RF was recovered at hospital discharge&#8211;consistent with the numbers of the BEST and FRAMI studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;9</span></a> and was associated with more serious impairment of RF at hospital admission and with comorbidity&#8211;consistent with medical literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;34&#8211;37</span></a> Factors&#44; all of them&#44; that cannot be modified beforehand&#46; So older patients with RF impairment and other comorbidities should be closely monitored and&#44; if possible&#44; renal aggressions should be avoided&#46; Similarly&#44; it seems obvious that the RF of patients treated with RRT should be monitored&#44; and follow-up interconsultations by the nephrology unit after ICU discharge should be protocolized&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Limitations of the study</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has some limitations&#46; In the first place&#44; even though the registry results suggest that the precocity in the initiation of RRT is an independent factor in the survival of these patients&#44; these results come from an observational&#44; epidemiological study with no interventions&#44; and this is why any conclusions drawn should be taken with caution&#46; So the main limitation of the conclusions of this study is that we cannot confirm the existence of an undisputed relation between the precocity in the use of therapy and survival&#46; Secondly&#44; another limitation of this type of epidemiological studies is the inability to control any potentially confounding variables in such a way that the association found between two &#40;2&#41; variables may be due to a third one&#46; That is&#44; it may be possible for one RRT to have been administered early in a prerenal situation with good clinical outcome&#44; or delayed in a critical patient while waiting to see the disease progression in such a patient&#46; In both cases&#44; the prognostic result would depend on this third variable and might confound its relationship with the initiation of the RRT&#46; On the other hand&#44; however&#44; it is also possible that the early initiation of the therapy improves survival&#46; This is something that cannot be affirmed or denied&#46; Finally&#44; the study design determined that recruitment should take place for three months during the spring season&#44; which may not be appropriate or representative of the management of CRRT or the type of patients not treated in such season&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conclusions</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One multicenter&#44; epidemiological study analysing the actual management of CRRT was conducted in Catalonia&#44; and confirmed that mostly it is consistent with the recommendation of the actual clinical practice&#46; Most patients treated with CRRT are oliguric at ICU admission and remain oliguric 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after the initiation of the therapy&#44; which is the main reason why CRRTs are indicated&#46; The mortality associated with CRRTs is above 50 per cent at 3 months and it is associated with how serious the patient&#39;s condition is and how late the RRT was initiated&#46; The RF recovery of survivors was around 85 per cent&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Financing</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This paper has not received any financial support&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Authors&#47;collaborations</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">TMT had the idea to conduct this study&#44; collaborated in its design&#44; spread the word for the recruitment period for participating centers&#44; solved the doubts from other researchers on data collection&#44; collected data from his center&#44; reviewed the global database&#44; conducted the statistical analysis and wrote the manuscript&#59; JS contributed to the study design&#44; review the database and proofread the manuscript&#58; EP was one of the people who had the idea to conduct this study&#44; contributed to the study design&#44; spread the word for the recruitment period for participating centers&#44; and solved the doubts from other researchers on data collection&#59; JF was one of the people who had the idea to conduct this study and contributed to the study design&#59; MJLL contributed to his center data collection and reviewed its database&#59; JR conducted the statistical analysis&#58; AN collected data for his center and reviewed the database&#59; PO collected data for his center and reviewed the database&#59; LLS collected data for his center and reviewed the database&#59; FJGM collected data for his center and reviewed the database&#59; CR collected data for his center and reviewed the database&#44; and ARTMT was one of the people who had the idea to conduct this study&#44; contributed to the study design&#44; solved the doubts from other researchers on data collection&#44; collected data for his center&#44; reviewed the global database and proofread the manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conflicts of interests</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We the authors declare that while conducting this paper there were no conflicts of interests linked whatsoever&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Introduction"
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          "titulo" => "Patients and methods"
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          "titulo" => "Analysis of renal function"
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          "titulo" => "Analysis of mortality"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-03-29"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2016-07-05"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Renal replacement therapy"
            1 => "Acute kidney injury"
            2 => "Critically ill patients"
            3 => "Renal function recovery"
            4 => "Prognosis"
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          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Terapias de reemplazo renal"
            1 => "Lesi&#243;n renal aguda"
            2 => "Paciente cr&#237;tico"
            3 => "Recuperaci&#243;n de la funci&#243;n renal"
            4 => "Pron&#243;stico"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the study is to ascertain the most relevant aspects of the current management of renal replacement therapy &#40;RRT&#41; in critically ill patients&#44; and to analyze renal function recovery and mortality in patients undergoing RRT&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A non-interventional three-month observational study was made in 2012&#44; with a follow-up period of 90 days&#44; in 21 centers in Catalonia &#40;Spain&#41;&#46; Demographic information&#44; severity scores and clinical data were obtained&#44; as well as RRT parameters&#46; Inclusion criteria&#58; patients aged &#8805;16 years admitted to Intensive Care Units &#40;ICUs&#41; and subjected to RRT&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 261 critically ill patients were recruited&#44; of which 35&#37; had renal dysfunction prior to admission&#46; The main reason for starting RRT was oliguria&#59; the most widely used RRT modality was hemodiafiltration&#59; and the median prescribed dose at baseline was 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h&#46; The median time of RRT onset from ICU admission was one day&#46; The mortality rate at 30 and 90 days was 46&#37; and 54&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; and was associated to greater severity scores and a later onset of RRT&#46; At discharge&#44; 85&#37; of the survivors had recovered renal function&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Current practice in RRT in Catalonia abides with the current clinical practice guidelines&#46; Mortality related to RRT is associated to later onset of such therapy&#46; The renal function recovery rate at hospital discharge was 85&#37; among the patients subjected to RRT&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Objective"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar las caracter&#237;sticas m&#225;s relevantes del manejo actual de las terapias continuas de reemplazo renal &#40;TRRC&#41;&#44; as&#237; como analizar la evoluci&#243;n de la funci&#243;n renal y la mortalidad de los pacientes tratados con estas terapias&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional sin intervenci&#243;n de 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses de duraci&#243;n en 2012 con un periodo de seguimiento de 90 d&#237;as&#44; realizado en 21 hospitales de Catalu&#241;a&#44; en que se registraron escalas de gravedad&#44; datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; cl&#237;nicos y de las TRRC&#46; Criterios de inclusi&#243;n&#58; pacientes de &#8805;16 a&#241;os ingresados en cuidados intensivos &#40;UCI&#41; tratados con TRRC&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se seleccion&#243; a 261 pacientes&#46; Un 35&#37; ten&#237;a disfunci&#243;n renal previa al ingreso&#46; El principal motivo para iniciar las TRRC fue la oliguria&#44; la modalidad m&#225;s empleada fue la hemodiafiltraci&#243;n y la mediana de dosis prescrita al inicio fue de 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h&#46; La mediana de tiempo de inicio de la TRRC desde el ingreso en UCI fue de un d&#237;a&#46; La mortalidad a los 30 y 90 d&#237;as fue de 46 y 54&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#44; y se relacion&#243; con peores valores en las escalas de gravedad y con un inicio m&#225;s tard&#237;o de la TRRC&#46; Al alta hospitalaria&#44; un 85&#37; de los supervivientes hab&#237;a recuperado la funci&#243;n renal&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El manejo de las TRRC en Catalu&#241;a se adecua a los est&#225;ndares recomendados por las gu&#237;as actuales&#46; La mortalidad asociada a las TRRC se relaciona con un inicio m&#225;s tard&#237;o&#46; Un 85&#37; de los pacientes tratados con TRRC recuperan la funci&#243;n renal al alta hospitalaria&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">See list of centres and participants in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0075">Annex</a>&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Tomasa Irriguible TM&#44; Sabater Riera J&#44; Poch L&#243;pez de Bri&#241;as E&#44; Fort Ros J&#44; Lloret Cora MJ&#44; Roca Ant&#242;nio J&#44; et al&#46; Manejo actual de las terapias continuas de reemplazo renal&#58; Estudio epidemiol&#243;gico multic&#233;ntrico&#46; Med Intensiva&#46; 2017&#59;41&#58;216&#8211;226&#46;</p>"
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            "apendice" => "<p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following are the supplementary data to this article&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0010"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Supplementary data"
            "identificador" => "sec0070"
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          1 => array:3 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital Arnau de Vilanova de L&#233;rida</span>&#58; Llu&#237;s Servi&#224;&#44; Joana Domingo&#44; Marisa Mart&#237;n&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital de Bellvitge</span>&#58; Miguel Hueso&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital Cl&#237;nic</span>&#58; Jos&#233; M&#46; Nicol&#225;s&#44; Pedro Castro&#44; N&#233;stor Rodr&#237;guez&#44; Alejandra Hern&#225;ndez&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital General de Catalunya</span>&#58; Teresa Do&#241;ate&#44; Maria L&#46; Mart&#237;nez&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital General de L&#8217;Hospitalet</span>&#58; Ra&#250;l Lafuente&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital General de Vic</span>&#58; Rosa M&#46; Catalan&#44; Eugenia Castellote&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol de Badalona</span>&#58; Jos&#233; M&#46; Manci&#241;o&#44; Loreto Fern&#225;ndez&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital de Granollers</span>&#58; Judith Xirgu&#44; Diana Colon&#44; Silvia Garcia&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital Joan XXIII de Tarragona</span>&#58; Federico Esteban&#44; Carmen Gilavert&#44; Marcos Iba&#241;ez&#44; Carmen Peralta&#44; Olga Moreno&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital Josep Trueta de Gerona</span>&#58; Josep M&#46; Sirvent&#44; Patricia Ortiz&#44; Anna Bar&#243;&#44; Anna Garia-Fragua&#44; Mart&#237; Vall&#233;s&#44; Cristina Mart&#237;nez&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital de Manresa</span>&#58; Silvia Cano&#44; N&#250;ria Garra&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital del Mar</span>&#58; Yolanda D&#237;az&#59; Eva Rodr&#237;guez&#44; Juan Rodr&#237;guez&#44; Igini Cao&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital de Matar&#243;</span>&#58; Manel Solsona&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital Mois&#233;s Broggi</span>&#58; Miguel Rodr&#237;guez&#44; Pilar Ruiz&#44; Oana Rap&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital M&#250;tua de Terrassa</span>&#58; Joan Llibre&#44; Maria A&#46; Mart&#237;nez&#44; Francisco J&#46; Gonz&#225;lez de Molina&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital de Palam&#243;s</span>&#58; Rosa Garc&#237;a&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital Parc Taul&#237; de Sabadell</span>&#58; Loreley Betancourt&#44; Manuel Garc&#237;a&#44; Gemma Gom&#224;&#44; Gisela Gili&#46; Antonio Artigas&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital del Sagrat Cor</span>&#58; Mercedes Ibarz&#44; Antoni Pelegr&#237;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital Sant Joan de Reus</span>&#58; Conxita Rovira&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital de Sant Pau</span>&#58; Hern&#225;n Aguirre-Bermeo&#44; Mireia Cuartero&#44; Montserrat Vila&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital de Terrassa</span>&#58; Maria Alvarez&#44; Alfons Arizmendi&#44; Vanesa Arauzo&#44; Ana Saurina&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital Vall d&#8217;Hebr&#243;n</span>&#58; Raquel Albertos&#44; Llu&#237;s Llopart&#44; Marcos P&#233;rez&#44; El&#237;as Jatem&#44; Natalia Ramos&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Hospital Verge de la Cinta de Tortosa</span>&#58; Marcos Ib&#225;&#241;ez&#44; Juan P&#46; Casta&#241;eda&#44; Jos&#233; Luna&#44; P&#46; Angelet&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">Fundaci&#243; Puigvert</span>&#58; Enric Andr&#233;s&#44; Juan M&#46; D&#237;az&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Annex"
            "identificador" => "sec0075"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All words containing subindex 0 represent admission at ICU&#59; subindex 1 represents initiation of the RRT&#46;</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comorbidity&#58; Charlson Comorbidity Index&#59; Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#58; creatinine at admission&#59; Creatinina<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; Creatinine at the initiation of the RRT&#59; Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">b</span>&#58; basal creatinine&#59; CV-SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#58; Cardiovascular SOFA at ICU admission&#59; from hospital to ICU&#58; time elapsed from hospital admission to ICU admission&#59; from hospital to RRT&#58; time elapsed from hospital admission to initiation of RRT&#59; from ICU to RRT&#58; time elapsed from ICU admission to the initiation of the RRT&#59; Diuresis<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6hRRT</span>&#58; urinary debit during the 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h prior to initiating RRT&#59; Dose of CRRT&#58; prescribed dose of continuous therapy&#59; Pre-HDF&#58; continuous venovenous hemodialfiltration&#59; IHD&#58; intermittent hemodialysis&#59; CVVH&#58; continuous venovenous hemodialysis&#59; CVVHF&#58; continuous veno-venous hemofiltration&#59; Oliguria<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#58; diuresis &#60;400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;day during the first day of ICU admission&#59; SCUF&#58; slow continuous ultrafiltration&#59; SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#58; SOFA at ICU admission&#59; SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; SOFA at the initiation of the RRT&#59; CRRT&#58; continuous renal replacement therapies&#59; IRRT&#58; intermittent renal replacement therapy&#59; Recovery of renal function&#58; creatinine &#60;1&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL in the absence of RRT&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Results&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age &#91;years&#44; median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">66&#46;2 &#40;16&#46;1&#8211;87&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex &#91;male&#44; n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">175 &#40;67&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Severity scores &#91;median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&#58;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Charlson&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;0&#8211;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lia&#241;o ISI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;65 &#40;0&#46;07&#8211;1&#46;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;0&#8211;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;1&#8211;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CV-SOFA</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">0</span></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#8211;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">97 &#40;37&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#8211;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">164 &#40;62&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Biomarker of renal function&#58;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">b</span> &#91;mg&#47;dL&#44; median &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">min&#8211;max</span>&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;06 &#40;0&#46;41&#8211;7&#46;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span> &#91;mg&#47;dL&#44; median &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">min&#8211;max</span>&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;17 &#40;0&#46;3&#8211;17&#46;71&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#91;mg&#47;dL&#44; median &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">min&#8211;max</span>&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;87 &#40;0&#46;47&#8211;17&#46;71&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diuresis<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6hTRR</span> &#91;mL&#59; median &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">min&#8211;max</span>&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80 &#40;0&#8211;400&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Situation triggering acute renal failure&#58;</span> &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per cent</span>&#41;&#93;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Multifactorial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">108 &#40;41&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ischemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;11&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">92 &#40;35&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Poisoning&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;1&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Nephrotoxicity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;6&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clinical situation at ICU admission&#58;</span> &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per cent</span>&#41;&#93;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Oliguria<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">225 &#40;86&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Shock<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">200 &#40;76&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mechanical ventilation<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">178 &#40;68&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vascular approach &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;&#58;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">222 &#40;85&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Jugular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32 &#40;12&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subclavian&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;2&#46;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Initial RRT&#58;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CRRT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">239 &#40;91&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IRRT &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22 &#40;8&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dose of CRRT &#91;mL&#47;kg&#47;h&#59; median &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">min&#8211;max</span>&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35 &#40;10&#8211;90&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Duration of the CRRT &#91;days&#59; median &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">min&#8211;max</span>&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;1&#8211;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Duration of the IRRT &#91;days&#59; median &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">min&#8211;max</span>&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;1&#8211;148&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortality of CRRT &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;&#58; &#40;initial&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pre-HDF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">207 &#40;86&#46;61&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CVVHF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19 &#40;7&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CVVH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;4&#46;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SCUF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;1&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CRRT and IRRT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46 &#40;17&#46;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortality of IRRT &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;&#58;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IHD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76 &#40;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;3&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Recovery of renal function &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>At hospital discharge &#40;alive<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>135&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">115 &#40;85&#46;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Several time frames&#58;</span> &#91;days&#44; median &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">min&#8211;max</span>&#41;&#93;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pre-ICU days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#8211;120&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ICU to RRT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#8211;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hospital to RRT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;0&#8211;121&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ICU stay&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;1&#8211;108&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Stay at hospital ward&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;1&#8211;123&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hospital stay&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25 &#40;1&#8211;208&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortality&#58;</span> &#91;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">per cent</span>&#41;&#93;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ICU&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">112 &#40;42&#46;91&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hospital&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">126 &#40;48&#46;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>At 30 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">121 &#40;46&#46;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>At 90 days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">141 &#40;54&#46;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of study patients and renal replacement therapies&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#58; plasma creatinine levels at ICU admission&#59; Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; plasma creatinine levels at the initiation of the RRT&#59; Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">b</span>&#58; prior plasma creatinine levels at&#59; Diuresis<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6hTRR</span>&#59; 6-h urine volume collection prior to the initiation of the RRT&#59; Dose of CRRT&#58; treatment doses of CRRT &#40;effluent dose&#41;&#59; RF&#58; renal function&#59; High-tech hosp&#58; High-tech hospitals&#59; Lia&#241;o ISI&#58; Lia&#241;o Individual Severity Index&#59; NS&#58; non-significant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#59; SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#58; SOFA severity score determined at ICU admission&#59; SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; SOFA severity score determined at the initiation of the RRT&#59; Time from hospital to ICU&#58; time from hospital admission to ICU admission&#59; Time from hospital to RRT&#58; time elapsed from hospital admission to the initiation of the RRT&#59; Time from ICU to RRT&#58; time elapsed from ICU admission to the initiation of the RRT&#59; RRT&#58; renal replacement therapy&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Independent variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Recovery of RF &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Absence of RF recovery &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;95 per cent CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">High-tech hospital &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35 &#40;53&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;5 &#40;1&#46;09&#8211;13&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;045&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Feminine sex &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33 &#40;50&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;34 &#40;0&#46;09&#8211;1&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Oliguria<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51 &#40;78&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;81&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;84 &#40;0&#46;17&#8211;3&#46;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mechanical ventilation &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43 &#40;66&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;56&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;52 &#40;0&#46;49&#8211;4&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IHD &#40;n&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;23&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11 &#40;68&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;14 &#40;0&#46;04&#8211;0&#46;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dose &#62;35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;kg&#47;h &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;23&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;18&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8 &#40;0&#46;219&#8211;4&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lia&#241;o ISI &#91;median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;71 &#40;0&#46;07&#8211;1&#46;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;58 &#40;0&#46;1&#8211;1&#46;06&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;1 &#40;0&#46;5&#8211;38&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age &#40;years&#41; &#91;median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59 &#40;20&#8211;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">68 &#40;16 &#8211;83&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;99 &#40;0&#46;96&#8211;1&#46;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">b</span> &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#91;median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;84 &#40;0&#46;41&#8211;1&#46;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;6&#8211;1&#46;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;06 &#40;0&#46;002&#8211;1&#46;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span> &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#91;median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;44 &#40;0&#46;3&#8211;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;45 &#40;0&#46;7&#8211;9&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;77 &#40;0&#46;6&#8211;0&#46;98&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#91;mediana &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;2 &#40;0&#46;5&#8211;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;9 &#40;1&#46;8&#8211;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;75 &#40;0&#46;6&#8211;0&#46;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diuresis<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6hRRT</span> &#40;mL 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41; &#91;median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">118 &#40;0&#8211;410&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78 &#40;0&#8211;390&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;0 &#40;0&#46;99&#8211;1&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time from HOSP to ICU &#40;days&#41; &#91;median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#8211;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#8211;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;03 &#40;0&#46;98&#8211;1&#46;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time from ICU to RRT &#40;days&#41; &#91;median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;0&#8211;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5 &#40;0&#8211;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;12 &#40;0&#46;99 &#8211;1&#46;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Time from hospital to RRT &#40;days&#41; &#91;median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;0&#8211;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#8211;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;05 &#40;0&#46;99&#8211;1&#46;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Comorbidity &#91;median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;0&#8211;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;0&#8211;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;73 &#40;0&#46;56&#8211;0&#46;94&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span> &#91;median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;1&#8211;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;0&#8211;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;1 &#40;0&#46;96&#8211;1&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#91;median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;2&#8211;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;1&#8211;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;22 &#40;1&#46;05&#8211;1&#46;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dose of CRRT &#40;mL&#47;kg&#47;h&#41; &#91;median &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35 &#40;19&#8211;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33 &#40;15&#8211;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;02 &#40;0&#46;94&#8211;1&#46;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bivariate analysis of predictors of renal function recovery at hospital discharge&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#58; plasma creatinine levels at ICU admission&#59; Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; plasma creatinine levels at the initiation of the RRT&#59; Creatinine<span class="elsevierStyleInf">b</span>&#58; prior plasma creatinine levels&#59; Pre-ICU days&#58; days of hospital stay prior to ICU admission&#59; Diuresis<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6hTRR</span>&#58; 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h urine volume collection prior to the initiation of the RRT&#59; Dose of CRRT&#58; treatment doses of CRRT &#40;effluent dose&#41;&#59; Lia&#241;o ISI&#58; Lia&#241;o Individual Severity Index&#59; NS&#58; non-significant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#59; SOFA-CV&#58; cardiovascular SOFA&#59; SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#58; SOFA severity score determined at ICU admission&#59; SOFA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; SOFA severity score at the initiation of the RRT&#59; Time to RRT&#58; time elapsed from the ICU admission date to the moment of initiation of the RRT&#59; RRT&#58; renal replacement therapy&#59; CRRT&#58; continuous renal replacement therapy&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Independent variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">141 deceased patients &#40;54 per cent&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">120 alive patients &#40;46 per cent&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RR &#40;95 per cent CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Feminine sex &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">103 &#40;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76 &#40;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;24 &#40;0&#46;83&#8211;1&#46;84&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age &#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">66&#46;9 &#40;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;01 &#40;0&#46;99&#8211;1&#46;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comorbidity &#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;06 &#40;0&#46;98&#8211;1&#46;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Context &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Medical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgical vs medical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94 &#40;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62 &#40;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;43 &#40;0&#46;97&#8211;2&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Trauma vs medical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;1&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;7&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;34 &#40;0&#46;08&#8211;1&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Etiology &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">57 &#40;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ischemia vs sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16 &#40;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;7 &#40;0&#46;4&#8211;1&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Multifactor vs sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59 &#40;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48 &#40;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;7 &#40;0&#46;5&#8211;1&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Nephrotoxicity vs sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Poisoning vs sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;2&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other vs sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;8 &#40;0&#46;4&#8211;1&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">High-tech hosp</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">77 &#40;55&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54 &#40;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;36 &#40;0&#46;95&#8211;1&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mechanical ventilation</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">115 &#40;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">69 &#40;57&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;08 &#40;1&#46;87&#8211;5&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Shock</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">123 &#40;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80 &#40;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;65 &#40;1&#46;54&#8211;4&#46;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lia&#241;o ISI &#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;68 &#40;0&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;59 &#40;0&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;7 &#40;2&#46;4&#8211;13&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SOFA-CV &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#8211;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99 &#40;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">65 &#40;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;9 &#40;1&#46;3&#8211;2&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#8211;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42 &#40;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55 &#40;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SOFA</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">0</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;1 &#40;1&#46;05&#8211;1&#46;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SOFA</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;16 &#40;1&#46;1&#8211;1&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Creatinine</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;1 &#40;0&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;12 &#40;0&#46;97&#8211;1&#46;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Creatinine</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">0</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;2 &#40;1&#46;94&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;97 &#40;2&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;98 &#40;0&#46;9&#8211;1&#46;06&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Creatinine</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;mg&#47;dL&#41; &#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;9 &#40;2&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;8 &#40;2&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;96 &#40;0&#46;9&#8211;1&#46;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Oliguria</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">0</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">131 &#40;93&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">96 &#40;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;6 &#40;1&#46;4&#8211;6&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diuresis</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6hTRR</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;mL&#41; &#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">75 &#40;135&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100 &#40;160&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;998 &#40;0&#46;996&#8211;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;045&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Time from ICU to RRT &#40;days&#41; &#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;03 &#40;1&#46;01&#8211;1&#46;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Time from hospital to RRT &#40;days&#41; &#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;02 &#40;1&#46;01&#8211;1&#46;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Duration of the CRRT &#40;days&#41; &#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;99 &#40;0&#46;97&#8211;1&#46;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dose of CRRT &#40;mL&#47;kg&#47;h&#41; &#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33 &#40;8&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;99 &#40;0&#46;98&#8211;1&#46;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dose of CRRT &#62;35</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mL&#47;kg&#47;h &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">41 &#40;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34 &#40;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;06 &#40;0&#46;7&#8211;1&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pre-ICU days &#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;01 &#40;1 &#8211;1&#46;025&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IHD &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44 &#40;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;4 &#40;0&#46;24&#8211;0&#46;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Duration of IHD &#40;days&#41; &#91;median &#40;IQR&#41;&#93;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;99 &#40;0&#46;97&#8211;1&#46;03&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vascular access &#91;n &#40;per cent&#41;&#93;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">126 &#40;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">94 &#40;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Jugular vs femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;3 &#40;0&#46;2&#8211;0&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;007&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subclavian vs femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;3&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;1&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;8 &#40;0&#46;7&#8211;4&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cox proportional-hazards regression model adjusted to age&#44; type of center&#44; context&#44; etiology&#44; oliguria&#44; ICU admission and diuresis 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h before the initiation of the therapy&#44; to the SOFA severity score and the initiation of the therapy&#44; to the SOFA-CV at admission and the Lia&#241;o ISI&#44; to the time elapsed from ICU admission to the initiation of the RRT&#44; and also adjusted to the time elapsed from ICU admission to the initiation of the RRT&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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        "texto" => "<p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We wish to thank all those people who have given us their help&#44; and collaboration to be able to conduct this paper&#44; both in the selection of patients&#44; data collection and review&#44; and in the follow-up of patients and other necessary chores&#59; all of them are members of the REGISTRA Collaborative Group&#58; without their invaluable contributions we would not have been able to build such a representative registry of patients&#46;</p>"
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Article information

ISSN: 21735727
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.medine.2016.07.004

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Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	11	7	18
2024 October	75	60	135
2024 September	50	41	91
2024 August	73	74	147
2024 July	188	28	216
2024 June	47	42	89
2024 May	54	26	80
2024 April	55	43	98
2024 March	49	27	76
2024 February	53	39	92
2024 January	40	26	66
2023 December	51	51	102
2023 November	66	42	108
2023 October	37	39	76
2023 September	32	42	74
2023 August	35	15	50
2023 July	29	32	61
2023 June	34	17	51
2023 May	54	51	105
2023 April	31	30	61
2023 March	65	31	96
2023 February	63	35	98
2023 January	33	32	65
2022 December	90	45	135
2022 November	77	48	125
2022 October	46	64	110
2022 September	33	39	72
2022 August	39	46	85
2022 July	37	52	89
2022 June	40	43	83
2022 May	42	43	85
2022 April	44	58	102
2022 March	62	63	125
2022 February	71	45	116
2022 January	101	51	152
2021 December	97	59	156
2021 November	71	46	117
2021 October	151	84	235
2021 September	88	41	129
2021 August	68	42	110
2021 July	89	33	122
2021 June	84	37	121
2021 May	130	54	184
2021 April	343	190	533
2021 March	153	51	204
2021 February	116	34	150
2021 January	137	40	177
2020 December	95	62	157
2020 November	83	33	116
2020 October	73	37	110
2020 September	91	31	122
2020 August	71	28	99
2020 July	85	27	112
2020 June	84	25	109
2020 May	75	22	97
2020 April	80	35	115
2020 March	48	24	72
2020 February	183	63	246
2020 January	72	46	118
2019 December	80	34	114
2019 November	73	44	117
2019 October	113	49	162
2019 September	110	64	174
2019 August	102	42	144
2019 July	59	39	98
2019 June	47	27	74
2019 May	88	38	126
2019 April	51	45	96
2019 March	73	45	118
2019 February	35	41	76
2019 January	35	39	74
2018 December	71	56	127
2018 November	131	71	202
2018 October	145	29	174
2018 September	27	12	39
2018 August	24	9	33
2018 July	21	10	31
2018 June	32	11	43
2018 May	21	11	32
2018 April	29	15	44
2018 March	20	5	25
2018 February	28	5	33
2018 January	41	13	54
2017 December	28	7	35
2017 November	37	14	51
2017 October	41	24	65
2017 September	56	7	63
2017 August	3	1	4
2017 July	1	1	2
2017 June	2	1	3
2017 May	0	1	1

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