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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the first place&#44; we would like to thank you for your interest in our work&#46; The goal of this work was to use the methodology from the Modal Analysis of Errors and Effects and implement a series of measures in order to improve this process and optimize the patient&#39;s safety &#40;PS&#41; on everything that has to do with the venous thromboembolic disease &#40;VTED&#41;&#46; One of these measures was the implementation of a 2014 protocol that was not fully developed in our paper because it was not the main goal of our work&#46; However&#44; while we were developing such protocol&#44; seven special situations were established&#44; among them&#44; the management of renal failure &#40;RF&#41; that suggested the adjustment of enoxaparin based on the creatinine clearance &#40;CrCl&#41; rate&#44; and according to the recommendations established by the Spanish Agency of Medicine and Medical Devices&#44; and the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> At the same time&#44; if the patient remained under continuous renal replacement therapy&#44; the same dose than without RF was used since no bioaccumulation has been confirmed so far&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Even so&#44; we rather measure the concentrations of the anti-factor Xa as a safety measure because even though it has some limitations such as the absence of a clear correlation between the levels of anti-Xa and adverse events&#44; or the poorly-established range of prophylactic levels&#44; until these issues are resolved&#44; it is still the best tool we have today to assess the effect of low-molecular-weight heparin &#40;LMWH&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enoxaparin was the only LMWH used in our study&#44; which is the usual practice in 90 per cent of the intensive care units &#40;ICU&#41; in Madrid and nationwide&#44; where enoxaparin and bemiparin are used in 95&#46;2 per cent of ICUs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Such a decision may be triggered by a lack of evidence favoring one particular molecule over another in terms of effectiveness&#46; All the indications for enoxaparin have already been approved as its technical label confirms and&#44; in these cases&#44; we can reduce its dose as long as we follow the guidelines for VTED prevention and those from the very paper they mention&#46; Also&#44; while enoxaparin&#59; dalteparin&#59; tinzaparin&#59; or nadroparin are comparable&#44; they are not interchangeable&#44; require different doses and use different units of measurement&#46; This may be problematic when it comes to PS&#44; which is precisely what the Medication Errors Reporting Program claimed after confirming deaths of patients&#44; due to confusion when using different heparin molecules&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Finally&#44; there is still controversy on issues such as bioaccumulation&#44; and recent studies have concluded that the prophylactic use of enoxaparin in patients with CrCl rates &#8804;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;min<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> is safe&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the characteristics of the ICU patient is his dynamicity&#46; Just as we said in our work&#44; another one of the measures for improvement suggested was the introduction of one daily PS checklist&#44; and another bedside PS check-list&#44; which is when we will proceed to adjust the VTED prevention measures&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For all the aforementioned&#44; and with the only goal of optimizing the safety of our patients&#44; we believe that the strategy adopted is the right one based not only on the evidence available&#44; but also on our own experience after the implementation of the protocol&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grants for the development of research projects awarded by The Healthcare Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre&#44; i&#43;12&#44; sponsored by AMGEN S&#46;A&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Letter to the Editor
Improvement of the safety of a clinical process using failure mode and effects analysis: Prevention of venous thromboembolic disease in critically ill patients
Mejora en la seguridad de un proceso clínico utilizando el análisis modal de fallos y efectos: profilaxis de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en pacientes críticos
R. Viejo Moreno
Corresponding author
rviejo@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, J.A. Sánchez-Izquierdo Riera, E. Molano Álvarez, J.A. Barea Mendoza, S. Temprano Vázquez, L. Díaz Castellano, J.C. Montejo González
Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, UCI Polivalente, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the first place&#44; we would like to thank you for your interest in our work&#46; The goal of this work was to use the methodology from the Modal Analysis of Errors and Effects and implement a series of measures in order to improve this process and optimize the patient&#39;s safety &#40;PS&#41; on everything that has to do with the venous thromboembolic disease &#40;VTED&#41;&#46; One of these measures was the implementation of a 2014 protocol that was not fully developed in our paper because it was not the main goal of our work&#46; However&#44; while we were developing such protocol&#44; seven special situations were established&#44; among them&#44; the management of renal failure &#40;RF&#41; that suggested the adjustment of enoxaparin based on the creatinine clearance &#40;CrCl&#41; rate&#44; and according to the recommendations established by the Spanish Agency of Medicine and Medical Devices&#44; and the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> At the same time&#44; if the patient remained under continuous renal replacement therapy&#44; the same dose than without RF was used since no bioaccumulation has been confirmed so far&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Even so&#44; we rather measure the concentrations of the anti-factor Xa as a safety measure because even though it has some limitations such as the absence of a clear correlation between the levels of anti-Xa and adverse events&#44; or the poorly-established range of prophylactic levels&#44; until these issues are resolved&#44; it is still the best tool we have today to assess the effect of low-molecular-weight heparin &#40;LMWH&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enoxaparin was the only LMWH used in our study&#44; which is the usual practice in 90 per cent of the intensive care units &#40;ICU&#41; in Madrid and nationwide&#44; where enoxaparin and bemiparin are used in 95&#46;2 per cent of ICUs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Such a decision may be triggered by a lack of evidence favoring one particular molecule over another in terms of effectiveness&#46; All the indications for enoxaparin have already been approved as its technical label confirms and&#44; in these cases&#44; we can reduce its dose as long as we follow the guidelines for VTED prevention and those from the very paper they mention&#46; Also&#44; while enoxaparin&#59; dalteparin&#59; tinzaparin&#59; or nadroparin are comparable&#44; they are not interchangeable&#44; require different doses and use different units of measurement&#46; This may be problematic when it comes to PS&#44; which is precisely what the Medication Errors Reporting Program claimed after confirming deaths of patients&#44; due to confusion when using different heparin molecules&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Finally&#44; there is still controversy on issues such as bioaccumulation&#44; and recent studies have concluded that the prophylactic use of enoxaparin in patients with CrCl rates &#8804;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;min<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> is safe&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the characteristics of the ICU patient is his dynamicity&#46; Just as we said in our work&#44; another one of the measures for improvement suggested was the introduction of one daily PS checklist&#44; and another bedside PS check-list&#44; which is when we will proceed to adjust the VTED prevention measures&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For all the aforementioned&#44; and with the only goal of optimizing the safety of our patients&#44; we believe that the strategy adopted is the right one based not only on the evidence available&#44; but also on our own experience after the implementation of the protocol&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Grants for the development of research projects awarded by The Healthcare Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre&#44; i&#43;12&#44; sponsored by AMGEN S&#46;A&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 21735727
Original language: English
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