Letter to the Editor
In reply to “Fastrach™ intubating laryngeal mask for traumatic cervical spinal cord injury”
En respuesta a «Mascarilla laríngea para intubación Fastrach® en la lesión medular cervical postraumática»
a Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
b Unidad de Lesionados Medulares, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
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Galeiras, M. Mourelo, M.E. Ferreiro, S. Salvador, A. Montoto" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Galeiras" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "ritagaleiras@hotmail.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Mourelo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.E." "apellidos" => "Ferreiro" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Salvador" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Montoto" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Lesionados Medulares, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "En respuesta a «Mascarilla laríngea para intubación Fastrach<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> en la lesión medular cervical postraumática»" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It has taken decades to develop and refine the main principles for the stabilization of the cervical spinal cord in patients with suspected or confirmed cervical damage. Under urgent circumstances in the extra-hospital setting, the endotracheal intubation is preferred over the ventilation with Ambu bag, or cricothyroidotomy. The in-line stabilization of the cervical spinal cord guarantees safe intubations when conducted through direct laryngoscopy. In the critical care and emergency settings it is advisable to have a good theoretical and practical command of five (5) basic instrumental modalities: the facial mask, one direct laryngoscope and its complements, one indirect laryngoscope/video laryngoscope, one extraglottic device (being the Fastrach<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> laryngeal mask the most efficient of all), and one technique with urgent subglottic access for non-intubable and non-ventilable patients. There is a double target here: be able to stop the progressive drop of SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> levels until reaching dramatic values and be “ready to fail”.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Even when the manual in-line stabilization is being used, the intubation with laryngeal mask exerts forces to the cervical spinal cord that are different from the ones exerted by the direct laryngoscopy. Sawin et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> showed that the direct laryngoscopy elongates every cervical segment, particularly at atlantoaxial level. A study conducted by Kihara et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> showed that intubations with laryngeal masks produce the flexion and posterior displacement of the cervical spine cord even when the manual in-line stabilization is being used. Keller et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and Brimacombe et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> used cadavers to study the forces exerted during intubations with laryngeal masks with and without manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spinal cord, respectively, and confirmed the presence of posterior displacement.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These recent findings can have several clinical implications. Sawin et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> speculate with the possibility that the direct laryngoscopy can be potentially more harmful in patients whose cervical segments are more unstable when elongated, while Kihara et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> believe that intubations with laryngeal masks can be more harmful in patients whose necks are unstable on flexion – the most common lesion. But these risks have not been quantified yet, and the priorities during the management of the airways, in urgent situations, in patients with real or potential cervical spinal cord injuries are the ventilation and protection of such airways. The direct laryngoscopy is still the technique of choice for urgent intubations in most of these patients who suffer flexion injuries in their necks. This technique is faster, less affected by the application of cricoid pressure, and less likely to negatively damage the biomechanics of the neck commonly hurt by flexion. We would consider the intubation with laryngeal mask as the first option for the urgent endotracheal intubation of patients with a known mechanism of neck injury resulting from excessive elongation. We would use the intubation with laryngeal mask as a second option for the tracheal intubation of patients when the direct laryngoscopy has failed to succeed. Yet this requires not only the immediate availability of the device, but also training on how to use it – two requirements that are not always present.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However, the indirect methods of intubation cause less cervical movements than conventional laryngoscopies, and today they are preferred during the elective intubation of patients at risk of cervical spine cord injuries, because they allow intubations in neutral positions, improve the field of view of the glottal region, and minimize laryngeal traumas.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Galeiras R, Mourelo M, Ferreiro ME, Salvador S, Montoto A. En respuesta a «Mascarilla laríngea para intubación Fastrach<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> en la lesión medular cervical postraumática». Med Intensiva. 2018;42:200–201.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cervical spine motion with direct laryngoscopy and orotracheal intubation: an in vivo cinefluoroscopic study of subjects without cervical abnormality" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P.D. Sawin" 1 => "M.M. Todd" 2 => "V.C. Traynelis" 3 => "S.B. Farrell" 4 => "A. Nader" 5 => "Y. Sato" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesthesiology" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "85" "paginaInicial" => "26" "paginaFinal" => "36" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8694378" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Segmental cervical spine movement with the intubating laryngeal mask during manual in-line stabilisation in patients with cervical pathology undergoing cervical spine surgery" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Kihara" 1 => "S. Watanabe" 2 => "J. Brimacombe" 3 => "N. Taguchi" 4 => "Y. Yaguchi" 5 => "Y. Yamasaki" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesth Analg" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "91" "paginaInicial" => "195" "paginaFinal" => "200" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10866912" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pressures exerted against the cervical vertebrae by the standard and intubating laryngeal mask airways: a randomised, controlled, cross-over study in fresh cadavers" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C. Keller" 1 => "J. Brimacombe" 2 => "K. Keller" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesth Analg" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "89" "paginaInicial" => "1296" "paginaFinal" => "1300" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10553855" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cervical spine motion during airway management: a cinefluoroscopic study of the posteriorly destabilised third cervical vertebrae in human cadavers" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Brimacombe" 1 => "C. Keller" 2 => "K.H. Kunzel" 3 => "O. Gaber" 4 => "M. Boehler" 5 => "F. Puhringer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesth Analg" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "91" "paginaInicial" => "1274" "paginaFinal" => "1278" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11049921" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735727/0000004200000003/v1_201803310417/S2173572718300286/v1_201803310417/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "64604" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735727/0000004200000003/v1_201803310417/S2173572718300286/v1_201803310417/en/main.pdf?idApp=WMIE&text.app=https://medintensiva.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572718300286?idApp=WMIE" ]
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