Letter to the Editor
Living evidence for SARS-CoV-2
Evidencia viva frente al SARS-CoV-2
A. Santillan-Garcia
Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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Santillan-Garcia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Santillan-Garcia" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "ebevidencia@gmail.com" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Evidencia viva frente al SARS-CoV-2" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 994 "Ancho" => 1463 "Tamanyo" => 71449 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Typology of the scientific evidence available on COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 found in PubMed.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The current health crisis due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has triggered a need for answers that exceeds the actual capacity of producing scientific knowledge. Very few landmark studies on COVID-19 have been completed to this date, and those with preliminary results published provide very low levels of evidence. Under the current situation of uncertainty, the wise thing to do is to be cautious when it comes to interpreting the evidence available and avoid making rush decisions that may be more detrimental than beneficial.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> But, do we have such evidence available for an adequate management of COVID-19? The Chinese experience can help us solve the problems we have been having to deal with at the ICU setting in record time and with serious limitations in the human resources and equipment available.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Consensus documents are also very important since they provide an agile and effective support to all the healthcare professionals while admitting that reviews and updates may be necessary based on the epidemiological situation of the pandemic, and changes necessary in the therapeutic alternatives used.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand, different research working groups have been publishing protocols, and preprints that adds to the amount of currently available reports in the repositories (SSRN and medRxiv) that have not been approved during the review process. What this tells us is that we should be very cautious about this information. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the different sources of scientific information and the number of entries found with search terms relative to COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 as of April 10, 2020. Results are significantly larger in unarbitrated references.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Also, to this point, the scientific evidence available on this topic is still associated with low levels of evidence. Most of the 586 findings obtained through Pubmed are comments, letters to the editor, and editorials. No meta-analyses, clinical trials or observational studies have been found (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The so-called «living systematic review» is a tool that helps in the decision-making process in the daily routine clinical practice with the highest level of evidence and the capacity to solve the problem of the ongoing publication of new data. It is based on a systematic review of the scientific literature available while leaving the review window open to add new evidence as it becomes available. Also, this can lead to changes in the recommendations made based on new data that may have appeared.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Several international groups are working on this type of living evidence that may provide an easy and updated answer to the problems found in the management of COVID-19 by combining methodological rigor and new technologies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This pandemic has taught us quite a few lessons. One of them is that scientific knowledge needs to be spread fast and on an ongoing basis to provide timely answers to the doubts and questions physicians may have during their routine clinical practice. In a changing and specific environment like the ICU setting, this premise may be considered an interesting strategy to be developed through the so-called «living systematic review».</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Santillan-Garcia A. Evidencia viva frente al SARS-CoV-2. Med Intensiva. 2021;45:321–322.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 994 "Ancho" => 1463 "Tamanyo" => 71449 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Typology of the scientific evidence available on COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 found in PubMed.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Keywords \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Results \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Database</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PubMed \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">((«COVID-19»[All Fields] OR «COVID-2019»[All Fields] OR «severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2»[Supplementary Concept] OR «severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2»[All Fields] OR «2019-nCoV»[All Fields] OR «SARS-CoV-2»[All Fields] OR «2019nCoV»[All Fields] OR ((«Wuhan»[All Fields] AND («coronavirus»[MeSH Terms] OR «coronavirus»[All Fields])) AND (2019/12[PDAT] OR 2020[PDAT]))) AND («severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2»[Supplementary Concept] OR «severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2»[All Fields] OR «sars cov 2»[All Fields])) AND «humans»[MeSH Terms] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">586 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">COVID-19 AND SARS-CoV-2 AND CORONAVIRUS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Protocol and systematic review repository and rapid reviews</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>International prospective register of systematic reviews, rapid reviews, and overviews/umbrella reviews (PROSPERO) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">«2019 nCoV» OR 2019nCoV OR «2019 novel coronavirus» OR «COVID 19» OR COVID19 OR «new coronavirus» OR «novel coronavirus» OR «SARS CoV-2» OR (Wuhan AND coronavirus) OR «COVID 19» OR «SARS-CoV» OR «2019-nCoV» OR «SARS-CoV-2» NOT Animal:DB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">193 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preprint repository</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Social Science Research Network (SSRN) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">COVID-19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">387 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>medRxiv \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1059 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2605353.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results on article searches on COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 from different sources.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Coronavirus disease 2019: the harms of exaggerated information and non-evidence-based measures" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.P.A. Ioannidis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Clin Invest" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "e13223" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Covid-19 in China: ten critical issues for intensive care medicine" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L. Li" 1 => "S. Gong" 2 => "J. Yan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s13054-020-02848-z" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Critical Care" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "24" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698853" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Recomendaciones de consenso respecto al soporte respiratorio no invasivo en el paciente adulto con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda secundaria a infección por SARS-CoV-2" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Cinesi Gomez" 1 => "O. Peñuelas Rodríguez" 2 => "M. Luján Torné" 3 => "C. Egea Santaolalla" 4 => "J.F. Masa Jiménez" 5 => "J. García Fernández" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2020.03.005" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Intensiva" "fecha" => "2020" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Living systematic review: 1. Introduction—the why, what, when, and how" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Elliott" 1 => "A. Synnot" 2 => "T. Turner" 3 => "M. Simmonds" 4 => "E. Akl" 5 => "S. McDonald" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.08.010" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Epidemiol" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "91" "paginaInicial" => "23" "paginaFinal" => "30" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28912002" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evidence synthesis relevant to COVID-19: a protocol for multiple systematic reviews and overviews of systematic reviews" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "G. Rada" 1 => "F. Verdugo-Paiva" 2 => "C. Ávila" 3 => "M. Morel-Marambio" 4 => "R. Bravo-Jeria" 5 => "F. Pesce" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.5867/medwave.2020.03.7867" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Medwave" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "e7867" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735727/0000004500000005/v1_202105290657/S2173572721000400/v1_202105290657/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "64604" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735727/0000004500000005/v1_202105290657/S2173572721000400/v1_202105290657/en/main.pdf?idApp=WMIE&text.app=https://medintensiva.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572721000400?idApp=WMIE" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2024 October | 58 | 37 | 95 |
| 2024 September | 69 | 26 | 95 |
| 2024 August | 73 | 42 | 115 |
| 2024 July | 43 | 24 | 67 |
| 2024 June | 55 | 39 | 94 |
| 2024 May | 69 | 30 | 99 |
| 2024 April | 55 | 26 | 81 |
| 2024 March | 54 | 26 | 80 |
| 2024 February | 53 | 41 | 94 |
| 2024 January | 54 | 32 | 86 |
| 2023 December | 40 | 34 | 74 |
| 2023 November | 58 | 41 | 99 |
| 2023 October | 38 | 23 | 61 |
| 2023 September | 42 | 33 | 75 |
| 2023 August | 37 | 15 | 52 |
| 2023 July | 57 | 25 | 82 |
| 2023 June | 67 | 13 | 80 |
| 2023 May | 67 | 32 | 99 |
| 2023 April | 43 | 13 | 56 |
| 2023 March | 57 | 28 | 85 |
| 2023 February | 47 | 24 | 71 |
| 2023 January | 36 | 23 | 59 |
| 2022 December | 70 | 36 | 106 |
| 2022 November | 59 | 39 | 98 |
| 2022 October | 82 | 38 | 120 |
| 2022 September | 58 | 35 | 93 |
| 2022 August | 61 | 35 | 96 |
| 2022 July | 48 | 42 | 90 |
| 2022 June | 42 | 26 | 68 |
| 2022 May | 62 | 30 | 92 |
| 2022 April | 50 | 37 | 87 |
| 2022 March | 60 | 55 | 115 |
| 2022 February | 47 | 47 | 94 |
| 2022 January | 52 | 35 | 87 |
| 2021 December | 57 | 57 | 114 |
| 2021 November | 44 | 38 | 82 |
| 2021 October | 63 | 80 | 143 |
| 2021 September | 39 | 31 | 70 |
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