Letter to the Editor
Usefulness of the PIRO system to predict mortality in patients with severe infection in the emergency department
Utilidad del sistema PIRO para predecir mortalidad en el paciente con infección grave en el servicio de urgencias
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Analysis of the VNICat registry»" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "659" "paginaFinal" => "660" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Respuesta a puntualizaciones sobre «Características de la ventilación no invasiva prolongada en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios y su impacto en la eficacia. Análisis del registro VNICat»" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J. Jacob Rodríguez, M. Arranz Betegón, J. Zorrilla Riveiro" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Jacob Rodríguez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Arranz Betegón" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Zorrilla Riveiro" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0210569122000304" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2022.01.015" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210569122000304?idApp=WMIE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572722002594?idApp=WMIE" "url" => "/21735727/0000004600000011/v1_202211050704/S2173572722002594/v1_202211050704/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Usefulness of the PIRO system to predict mortality in patients with severe infection in the emergency department" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Editor:" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "660" "paginaFinal" => "661" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "R. Rubio Díaz, A. Julián-Jiménez" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Rubio Díaz" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Julián-Jiménez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "agustinj@sescam.jccm.es" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Urgencias, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Utilidad del sistema PIRO para predecir mortalidad en el paciente con infección grave en el servicio de urgencias" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The management of patients with infectious processes admitted to Spanish emergency rooms (ER) represented 15% of all daily care provided before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Also, the severity of infectious processes at their clinical presentation (patients with sepsis, relevant comorbidities, neutropenia, elderly patients with suspected bacteremia, that is, what is known as severe infection), and the 30-day short-term mortality rate have also increased over the last decade.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We carefully read the article recently published by Caramello et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> and we wish to congratulate the authors over their results and comments they make revealing the difficulties and limitations of the PIRO system (predisposition, infection, response, organ failure)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> used at the ER as a mortality risk stratification tool and to see the need for ICU admission on a routine daily basis. At the ER, both suspicion and diagnosis of severe infection or sepsis is essential. However, it is also necessary to estimate the prognosis of the patient. To this date, this is often done using the quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We used the database of a recent study conducted at our ER<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> with a similar profile of patients to that used by Caramello et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> to see the predictive capabilities regarding mortality and ICU admission of the PIRO system that obtained better results compared to those analyzed by Howell et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and compared to the qSOFA score and the 5MPB-Toledo model to predict bacteremia. Therefore, we have reproduced both the inclusion criteria and the methodology published by the authors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Our series included 1263 patients aged >18 years from July 1 2018 through August 1 2019 who met the criteria of sepsis from whom hemocultures were obtained. A total of 57% of these patients were men with a mean age of 59 ± 19 years. The overall mortality rate within the first 24 h was 1.5% while the 30-day mortality rate was 9.8%. The hemocultures of 18% of these patients tested positive while 9% had to be admitted to the ICU. The rate of dead patients according to the PIRO categories was scores <5 (4%); scores from 5 to 9 (12%); scores from 10 to 14 (21%); scores from 15 to 20 (43%), and scores >20 (73%). In our sample, the area under the ROC curve of the PIRO system, the qSOFA score, and the 5MPB-Toledo model score regarding the 30-day mortality rate were 0.753 (95%CI, 0.689–0.817), 0.741 (95%CI, 0.678–0.805), and 0.732 (95%CI, 0.668–0.796), respectively. Regarding the ICU admission, the scores were 0.598 (95%CI, 0.546–0.650), 0.612 (95%CI, 0.560–0.664), and 0.587 (95%CI, 0.535–0.639), respectively. The study was evaluated and approved by the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Toledo (Spain) clinical research ethics committee (reference No.: 2019/398).</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With these data added to the results obtained from the authors, we believe that the limitations of the PIRO system are enough for us to not back up its use compared to the qSOFA score or even the 5MPB-Toledo model that also predicts the presence of bacteremia.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Authors’ contribution</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declared that they have designed, developed, and drafted this manuscript.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Funding</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This manuscript received no funding whatsoever from any public or private organizations.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None reported.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Authors’ contribution" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 3 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Key issues in emergency department management of COVID-19: proposals for improving care for patients in Latin America" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Julián-Jiménez" 1 => "D.E. García" 2 => "J. González del Castillo" 3 => "H.P. Guimarães" 4 => "E.J. García-Lamberechts" 5 => "E. Menéndez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Emergencias." "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "42" "paginaFinal" => "58" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33496399" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Validation of the Predisposition Infection Response Organ (PIRO) dysfunction score for the prognostic stratification of patients with sepsis in the Emergency Department" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V. Caramello" 1 => "A. Macciotta" 2 => "V. Beux" 3 => "A.V. De Salve" 4 => "F. Ricceri" 5 => "A. Boccuzzi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.medine.2020.04.012" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Intensiva." "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "459" "paginaFinal" => "469" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34717884" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Proof of principle: the predisposition, infection, response, organ failure sepsis staging system" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M.D. Howell" 1 => "D. Talmor" 2 => "P. Schuetz" 3 => "S. Hunziker" 4 => "A.E. Jones" 5 => "N.I. Shapiro" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182037a8e" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Crit Care Med." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "322" "paginaFinal" => "327" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21099424" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Patients with infections in the emergency department: what should we look for?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "Y. Freund" 1 => "A.L. Philippon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Emergencias." 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