Letter to the Editor
Teaching tools in critical care: chatGPT
Herramientas docentes en medicina intensiva: chatGPT
Marcos Valiente Fernández
, Francisco de Paula Delgado Moya, Amanda Lesmes González de Aledo, Isaías Martín Badía, Lidia Orejón García
Corresponding author
Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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We understand that education involves the translation of theoretical concepts into practice. "Practice" can be developed through simulation by allowing "repeated exposure" to clinical challenges. However, the effective communication of theoretical concepts is hindered by time or organizational problems, workload, or scientific tasks.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The addition of theoretical foundations has changed: access to a plethora of scientific medical journals through the internet, applications that systematically address medical topics (such as UptoDate), and the emergence of online resources (such as Free Open Access Medicine [FOAM]). In all of these, individuals have to look for answers, thus wasting time and not necessarily getting to solutions to the problem. This access to information is a "common" thing, but not a "natural" thing as curiosity has always been demonstrated by asking questions to someone capable of providing the necessary information (parents-children, attending physician-resident).</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Perhaps the current circumstances of theoretical study can be overcome thanks to AI systems based on natural language models (NLM). ChatGPT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> is a NLM that introduces numerous innovations the most significant one being the adaptation of responses to questions in real-time, minimizing the search time, and allowing more study time. It enables guided learning based on the answers we need so that the student becomes more actively engaged compared to traditional methods.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These could be the limitations of ChatGPT:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The quality of the response depends on the type of question. Better questions yield better answers.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ChatGPT has "accumulated knowledge" up until 2021.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It should be considered as a complement rather than a substitute for conventional techniques, as it is still in a testing stage.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is a useful tool for developing theoretical concepts but may be less effective for decision-making processes.</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present examples of information searches that a young resident interested in learning on traumatic disease might undertake (see supplementary data).</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our usage, we have seen the following:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1)</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The interaction with the bibliography is interesting including article selection, article synthesis, other references, and critiques.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2)</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It allows "online simulation," serving as a guide to explore different clinical settings.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3)</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ChatGPT exhibits "caution" and provides inconclusive answers regarding ethical, cultural, or organizational aspects.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4)</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We found discrepancies in the responses it offers for complex scenarios. While it can suggest a re-sequencing of early care, it does not adequately address traumatic cardiac arrest.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5)</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We also found that it is a "non-confrontational" AI, which diminishes its teaching capabilties.</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AI will change the way we search for information, leading to educational opportunities that we must investigate.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Authors’ contributions</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the authors were involved in the drafting of this manuscript and interacted with the artificial intelligence chatGPT.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None reported.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Authors’ contributions" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following is Supplementary data to this article:<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Supplementary data" "identificador" => "sec0020" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.docx" "ficheroTamanyo" => 38447 ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "ChatGPT and antimicrobial advice: the end of the consulting infection doctor?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Howard" 1 => "W. Hope" 2 => "A. Gerada" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00113-5" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet Infect Dis." "fecha" => "2023" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "405" "paginaFinal" => "406" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36828004" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Can artificial intelligence help for scientific writing?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Salvagno" 1 => "ChatGPT" 2 => "F.S. Taccone" 3 => "A.G. Gerli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s13054-023-04380-2" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Crit Care." "fecha" => "2023" "volumen" => "27" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "75" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36841840" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "ChatGPT: the future of discharge summaries?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S.B. Patel" 1 => "K. 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OpenAI. 2022. <a target="_blank" href="https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/">https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/</a> (accessed Dec 27, 2022)." ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735727/0000004700000008/v1_202308021216/S2173572723000814/v1_202308021216/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "64604" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735727/0000004700000008/v1_202308021216/S2173572723000814/v1_202308021216/en/main.pdf?idApp=WMIE&text.app=https://medintensiva.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572723000814?idApp=WMIE" ]
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