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    "titulo" => "Nebulized colistin treatment of multi-resistant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acinetobacter baumannii</span> pulmonary infection in critical ill patients"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To analyze the efficacy of nebulized colistin in the microbiological eradication and clinical improvement of patients with pulmonary infection by multi-resistant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acinetobacter baumannii</span> &#40;MAB&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Design</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective study&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Setting</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary hospital&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hospitalized patients on invasive mechanical ventilation with positive MAB cultures of the airway&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Interventions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All received treatment with colistin &#40;CL&#41;&#46; Nosocomial pneumonia &#40;NP&#41; or Tracheobronchitis &#40;TB&#41; was determined according to routine criteria and colonization &#40;CO&#41; was determined in the case of a positive culture in the absence of infection criteria&#46; Three groups of patients were defined&#58; those treated with nebulized CL&#44; those treated with IV CL and those treated with IV CL plus nebulized CL&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Main measurements</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Baseline characteristics&#46; Microbiological eradication and clinical recovery were evaluated according to routine criteria&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">83 patients were studied&#44; 54 of whom were treated&#44; with the following diagnoses&#58; 15 &#40;27&#46;8&#37;&#41; with NP&#44; 16 &#40;29&#46;6&#37;&#41; with TB and 23 patients &#40;42&#46;6&#37;&#41; with CO&#46; Nebulized CL was used in 36 patients &#40;66&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#58; 66&#46;7&#37; of which for CO&#44; 33&#46;3&#37; in treatment for TB and in no case of NP&#46; In 61&#46;1&#37; of the patients&#44; IV CL was used&#58; 22&#46;2&#37; of which for CO&#44; 38&#46;9&#37; for TB and 38&#46;9&#37; in NP&#46; The combination of IV CL and nebulized CL was used in 15 patients &#40;27&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#58; 5 patients &#40;33&#46;3&#37;&#41; CO&#44; 2 patients &#40;13&#46;3&#37;&#41; TB and 8 patients &#40;53&#46;3&#37;&#41; NP&#46; Microbiological eradication was achieved in 32 patients &#40;59&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; with the following distribution&#58; 8 &#40;47&#46;1&#37;&#41; with IV CL&#44; 15 &#40;83&#46;3&#37;&#41; with nebulized CL and 9 patients &#40;69&#46;2&#37;&#41; with a combination of IV CL and nebulized CL&#46; Clinical recovery was achieved in 42 patients &#40;77&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#58; 12 &#40;80&#37;&#41; with IV CL&#44; 18 &#40;94&#46;7&#37;&#41; with nebulized CL and 12 &#40;85&#46;7&#37;&#41; with a combination of nebulized and IV CL&#46; These differences were not significant&#46; In the group of patients with infection due to TB and NP &#40;31 patients&#44; 57&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; microbiological eradication was achieved in 5 patients &#40;100&#37;&#41; treated with nebulized CL and in 6 of the 9 patients &#40;42&#46;9&#37;&#41; treated with IV CL&#44; the difference being significant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05&#41;&#46; Clinical recovery in this group was 100&#37; &#40;6 patients&#41; treated with nebulized CL and 75&#37; &#40;9 of the 12 patients&#41; in the IV CL group&#46; This difference was not significant&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Our study suggests that treatment with colistin in patients with pulmonary infection with multi-resistant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acinetobacter baumannii</span> could be more efficient if it were to be administrated solely nebulized or in combination with IV colistin rather than administered solely intravenously&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar la eficacia de la colistina nebulizada en la erradicaci&#243;n microbiol&#243;gica y la mejor&#237;a cl&#237;nica de pacientes con Acinetobacter baumannii en v&#237;as respiratorias&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio retrospectivo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">&#193;mbito</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Servicio de medicina intensiva en hospital terciario&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pacientes ingresados en ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva con cultivos positivos en v&#237;a a&#233;rea para <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; baumannii</span> multirresistente&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Intervenciones</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Todos recibieron tratamiento con colistina &#40;CL&#41;&#46; Se determin&#243; neumon&#237;a nosocomial &#40;NN&#41; o traqueobronquitis &#40;TB&#41; seg&#250;n criterios habituales y colonizaci&#243;n &#40;CO&#41; si hab&#237;a cultivo positivo en ausencia de criterios de infecci&#243;n&#46; Se definieron 3 grupos de pacientes&#58; tratados con CL nebulizada&#44; con CL i&#46;v&#46; y con CL i&#46;v&#46; m&#225;s nebulizada&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Variables de inter&#233;s</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas basales&#46; Se consider&#243; erradicaci&#243;n microbiol&#243;gica y curaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica seg&#250;n criterios habituales&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudi&#243; a 83 pacientes&#59; 54 fueron tratados&#44; con los diagn&#243;sticos&#58; 15 &#40;27&#44;8&#37;&#41; con NN&#44; 16 &#40;29&#44;6&#37;&#41; con TB y 23 pacientes &#40;42&#44;6&#37;&#41; con CO&#46; La CL nebulizada fue utilizada en 36 pacientes &#40;66&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#58; en el 66&#44;7&#37; en CO&#44; el 33&#44;3&#37; en tratamiento de TB y en ning&#250;n caso de NN&#46; En el 61&#44;1&#37; de los pacientes se utiliz&#243; CL i&#46;v&#46;&#58; en la CO en el 22&#44;2&#37;&#44; en la TB en el 38&#44;9&#37; y en las NN en el 38&#44;9&#37;&#46; La combinaci&#243;n de CL i&#46;v&#46; m&#225;s nebulizada fue utilizada en 15 pacientes &#40;27&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; que se emple&#243;&#58; 5 &#40;33&#44;3&#37;&#41; CO&#44; 2 &#40;13&#44;3&#37;&#41; TB y 8 &#40;53&#44;3&#37;&#41; NN&#46; La erradicaci&#243;n microbiol&#243;gica se consigui&#243; en 32 pacientes &#40;59&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#44; con la distribuci&#243;n&#58; 8 &#40;47&#44;1&#37;&#41; con CL i&#46;v&#46;&#44; 15 &#40;83&#44;3&#37;&#41; con CL nebulizadas y 9 pacientes &#40;69&#44;2&#37;&#41; con la combinaci&#243;n CL i&#46;v&#46; m&#225;s nebulizada&#46; La curaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica se consigue en 42 pacientes &#40;77&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#58; 12 &#40;80&#37;&#41; con CL i&#46;v&#46;&#44; 18 &#40;94&#44;7&#37;&#41; con CL nebulizada y 12 &#40;85&#44;7&#37;&#41; con la combinaci&#243;n de CL nebulizada e intravenosa&#46; Estas diferencias no fueron significativas&#46; En el grupo de pacientes con infecci&#243;n por TB y NN &#40;31 pacientes&#44; 57&#44;4&#37;&#41; la erradicaci&#243;n microbiol&#243;gica se consigui&#243; en 5 pacientes &#40;100&#37;&#41; tratados con CL nebulizada y en 6 de 14 &#40;42&#44;9&#37;&#41; tratados con CL i&#46;v&#46;&#59; esta diferencia fue significativa &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; La curaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica en este grupo fue del 100&#37; &#40;6 pacientes&#41; tratados con CL nebulizada y del 75&#37; &#40;9 de 12&#41; en el grupo de CL i&#46;v&#46; Esta diferencia no fue significativa&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro estudio se&#241;ala que el tratamiento con colistina en pacientes con infecci&#243;n pulmonar por A&#46; baumannii multirresistente podr&#237;a ser m&#225;s eficaz si se administra nebulizada o en combinaci&#243;n con colistina i&#46;v&#46; que si se administra de forma intravenosa solamente&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 35. Issue 4.
Pages 226-231 (January 2011)
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Vol. 35. Issue 4.
Pages 226-231 (January 2011)
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Nebulized colistin treatment of multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii pulmonary infection in critical ill patients
Utilización de la colistina nebulizada en la colonización e infección respiratoria por Acinetobacter baumannii en pacientes críticos
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M.J. Pérez-Pedrero, M. Sánchez-Casado
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marcel55@terra.es

Corresponding author.
, S. Rodríguez-Villar
Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

To analyze the efficacy of nebulized colistin in the microbiological eradication and clinical improvement of patients with pulmonary infection by multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MAB).

Design

A retrospective study.

Setting

Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary hospital.

Patients

Hospitalized patients on invasive mechanical ventilation with positive MAB cultures of the airway.

Interventions

All received treatment with colistin (CL). Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) or Tracheobronchitis (TB) was determined according to routine criteria and colonization (CO) was determined in the case of a positive culture in the absence of infection criteria. Three groups of patients were defined: those treated with nebulized CL, those treated with IV CL and those treated with IV CL plus nebulized CL.

Main measurements

Baseline characteristics. Microbiological eradication and clinical recovery were evaluated according to routine criteria.

Results

83 patients were studied, 54 of whom were treated, with the following diagnoses: 15 (27.8%) with NP, 16 (29.6%) with TB and 23 patients (42.6%) with CO. Nebulized CL was used in 36 patients (66.7%): 66.7% of which for CO, 33.3% in treatment for TB and in no case of NP. In 61.1% of the patients, IV CL was used: 22.2% of which for CO, 38.9% for TB and 38.9% in NP. The combination of IV CL and nebulized CL was used in 15 patients (27.8%): 5 patients (33.3%) CO, 2 patients (13.3%) TB and 8 patients (53.3%) NP. Microbiological eradication was achieved in 32 patients (59.3%), with the following distribution: 8 (47.1%) with IV CL, 15 (83.3%) with nebulized CL and 9 patients (69.2%) with a combination of IV CL and nebulized CL. Clinical recovery was achieved in 42 patients (77.8%): 12 (80%) with IV CL, 18 (94.7%) with nebulized CL and 12 (85.7%) with a combination of nebulized and IV CL. These differences were not significant. In the group of patients with infection due to TB and NP (31 patients, 57.4%), microbiological eradication was achieved in 5 patients (100%) treated with nebulized CL and in 6 of the 9 patients (42.9%) treated with IV CL, the difference being significant (P<.05). Clinical recovery in this group was 100% (6 patients) treated with nebulized CL and 75% (9 of the 12 patients) in the IV CL group. This difference was not significant.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that treatment with colistin in patients with pulmonary infection with multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii could be more efficient if it were to be administrated solely nebulized or in combination with IV colistin rather than administered solely intravenously.

Keywords:
Colistin
Nebulized colistin
Multi-resistant germs
Acinetobacter baumannii
Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar la eficacia de la colistina nebulizada en la erradicación microbiológica y la mejoría clínica de pacientes con Acinetobacter baumannii en vías respiratorias.

Diseño

Estudio retrospectivo.

Ámbito

Servicio de medicina intensiva en hospital terciario.

Pacientes

Pacientes ingresados en ventilación mecánica invasiva con cultivos positivos en vía aérea para A. baumannii multirresistente.

Intervenciones

Todos recibieron tratamiento con colistina (CL). Se determinó neumonía nosocomial (NN) o traqueobronquitis (TB) según criterios habituales y colonización (CO) si había cultivo positivo en ausencia de criterios de infección. Se definieron 3 grupos de pacientes: tratados con CL nebulizada, con CL i.v. y con CL i.v. más nebulizada.

Variables de interés

Características basales. Se consideró erradicación microbiológica y curación clínica según criterios habituales.

Resultados

Se estudió a 83 pacientes; 54 fueron tratados, con los diagnósticos: 15 (27,8%) con NN, 16 (29,6%) con TB y 23 pacientes (42,6%) con CO. La CL nebulizada fue utilizada en 36 pacientes (66,7%): en el 66,7% en CO, el 33,3% en tratamiento de TB y en ningún caso de NN. En el 61,1% de los pacientes se utilizó CL i.v.: en la CO en el 22,2%, en la TB en el 38,9% y en las NN en el 38,9%. La combinación de CL i.v. más nebulizada fue utilizada en 15 pacientes (27,8%), que se empleó: 5 (33,3%) CO, 2 (13,3%) TB y 8 (53,3%) NN. La erradicación microbiológica se consiguió en 32 pacientes (59,3%), con la distribución: 8 (47,1%) con CL i.v., 15 (83,3%) con CL nebulizadas y 9 pacientes (69,2%) con la combinación CL i.v. más nebulizada. La curación clínica se consigue en 42 pacientes (77,8%): 12 (80%) con CL i.v., 18 (94,7%) con CL nebulizada y 12 (85,7%) con la combinación de CL nebulizada e intravenosa. Estas diferencias no fueron significativas. En el grupo de pacientes con infección por TB y NN (31 pacientes, 57,4%) la erradicación microbiológica se consiguió en 5 pacientes (100%) tratados con CL nebulizada y en 6 de 14 (42,9%) tratados con CL i.v.; esta diferencia fue significativa (p<0,05). La curación clínica en este grupo fue del 100% (6 pacientes) tratados con CL nebulizada y del 75% (9 de 12) en el grupo de CL i.v. Esta diferencia no fue significativa.

Conclusiones

Nuestro estudio señala que el tratamiento con colistina en pacientes con infección pulmonar por A. baumannii multirresistente podría ser más eficaz si se administra nebulizada o en combinación con colistina i.v. que si se administra de forma intravenosa solamente.

Palabras clave:
Colistina
Colistina nebulizada
Microorganismos multirresistentes
Acinetobacter baumannii
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