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Available online 15 July 2024
Risk factors and outcome of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a multicenter study
Factores de riesgo y pronóstico de la insuficiencia renal aguda en pacientes críticos con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2: estudio multicéntrico
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Iban Olivaa,
Corresponding author
iban_84@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Cristina Ferréa, Xavier Daniela, Marc Cartanyàa, Christian Villavicencioa, Melina Salgadoa, Loreto Vidaurb, Elisabeth Papiolc, FJ González de Molinad, María Bodía, Manuel Herrerae, Alejandro Rodrígueza, on behalf of the COVID-19 SEMICYUC Working Group
a Critical Care Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
b Critical Care Department, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
c Critical Care Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
d Critical Care Department, Mútua Terrasa University Hospital, Terrasa, Spain
e Critical Care Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with and without AKI.
Table 2. Risk factors associated with ICU mortality (for all AKI categories).
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Abstract
Objective

To assess incidence, risk factors and impact of acute kidney injury(AKI) within 48 h of intensive care unit(ICU) admission on ICU mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. To assess ICU mortality and risk factors for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in AKI I and II patients.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Setting

Sixty-seven ICU from Spain, Andorra, Ireland.

Patients

5399 patients March 2020 to April 2022.

Main variables of interest

Demographic variables, comorbidities, laboratory data (worst values) during the first two days of ICU admission to generate a logistic regression model describing independent risk factors for AKI and ICU mortality. AKI was defined according to current international guidelines (kidney disease improving global outcomes, KDIGO).

Results

Of 5399 patients included 1879 (34.8%) developed AKI. These patients had higher ICU mortality and AKI was independently associated with a higher ICU mortality (HR 1.32 CI 1.17–1.48; p < 0.001).

Male gender, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic heart failure, myocardial dysfunction, higher severity scores, and procalcitonine were independently associated with the development of AKI.

In AKI I and II patients the need for CRRT was 12.6% (217/1710). In these patients, APACHE II, need for mechanical ventilation in the first 24 h after ICU admission and myocardial dysfunction were associated with risk of needing CRRT. AKI I and II patients had a high ICU mortality (38.5%), especially if CRRT were required (64.1% vs. 34,8%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and AKI have a high ICU mortality. Even AKI I and II stages are associated with high risk of needing CRRT and ICU mortality.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
Acute kidney injury
Continuous renal replacement therapy
Intensive care unit
Resumen
Objetivo

Describir incidencia, factores de riesgo e impacto de insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) en primeras 48 horas de ingreso en unidad de cuidados intensivos(UCI) sobre la mortalidad en UCI en pacientes con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2. Evaluar mortalidad en UCI y factores de riesgo para técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal (TCRR) en pacientes con IRA I y II.

Diseño

Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo.

Ámbito

UCI España, Andorra, Irlanda.

Pacientes

Pacientes marzo 2020 abril 2022.

Variables de interés principals

Variables demográficas, comorbilidades, datos de laboratorio (valores peores) durante los dos primeros días de ingreso en UCI para generar modelo de regresión logística que describa factores de riesgo de IRA y mortalidad en UCI. Se definió IRA según guías Internacionales actuales (Kidney disease improving global outcomes, KDIGO).

Resultados

De 5.399 pacientes incluidos 1879 (34,8%) desarrollaron IRA. Estos pacientes presentaron mayor mortalidad en UCI; la IRA se asoció con mayor riesgo de mortalidad en UCI (HR 1,32 IC 1,17−1,48; p < 0,001).

El sexo masculino, hipertensión, diabetis, obesidad, insuficiencia cardíaca crónica, disfunción miocárdica, scores de gravedad mayores, y procalcitonine se asociaron con desarrollo de IRA.

El 12.6% de pacientes con IRA I y II precisaron TCRR. En éstos el APACHE II, necesidad de VM en primeras 24 horas de ingreso en UCI y la disfunción miocárdica se asociaron al riesgo de necesitar TCRR. Estos pacientes tuvieron una elevada mortalidad en UCI (38.5%) sobre todo si precisaron TCRR (64.1% vs. 34,8%; p < 0.001).

Conclusiones

Los pacientes críticos con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 e IRA tienen elevada mortalidad. Incluso IRA I y II se asocia a mayor necesidad de TCRR y mortalidad en UCI.

Palabras clave:
Neumonía por SARS-CoV-2
Insuficiencia renal aguda
Técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal
Unidad de cuidados intensivos

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