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con un seguimiento estricto cl&#237;nico y anal&#237;tico durante las primeras 48-96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; e ingreso precoz en MI&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inicio de nutrici&#243;n artificial precoz &#40;en las primeras 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41;&#44; utilizando&#44; siempre que sea posible&#44; nutrici&#243;n enteral a trav&#233;s de sonda nasog&#225;strica&#44; nasoyeyunal o transpil&#243;rica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No emplear antibioterapia profil&#225;ctica&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Indicar el tratamiento quir&#250;rgico fundamentalmente en la necrosis pancre&#225;tica infectada o absceso&#44; intentando posponer la cirug&#237;a hasta el d&#237;a 21 de evoluci&#243;n&#44; si es posible<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el presente estudio quisimos verificar si la aplicaci&#243;n de un protocolo basado en esta Conferencia de Consenso influy&#243; en la evoluci&#243;n cl&#237;nica de los pacientes ingresados por PA en un servicio de MI&#46; Para ello planteamos realizar un an&#225;lisis retrospectivo durante 16 a&#241;os&#44; antes y despu&#233;s de la implantaci&#243;n de un protocolo basado en estas recomendaciones&#46;</p><p id="par0325" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo primario de este estudio es conocer si las recomendaciones propuestas en la 7&#170; Conferencia de Consenso de la SEMICYUC sobre la Pancreatitis aguda en Medicina Intensiva &#40;09&#47;05&#47;2007&#41;&#44; modificaron la mortalidad&#44; estancia intra UCI y estancia hospitalaria de los pacientes ingresados por PA en un Servicio de Medicina Intensiva&#59; mientras que el objetivo secundario es evaluar si dichas recomendaciones modificaron el manejo de estos pacientes en lo que respecta al ingreso precoz en UCI&#44; uso de nutrici&#243;n enteral precoz&#44; no administrar antibioterapia emp&#237;rica&#44; y posponer la cirug&#237;a hasta el d&#237;a 21 de evoluci&#243;n si es posible&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Objetivos primarios&#58;</span> reflejar si las recomendaciones propuestas en la 7&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> Conferencia de Consenso de la SEMICYUC sobre la PA en MI &#40;9&#47;05&#47;2007&#41; modificaron la mortalidad hospitalaria&#44; la estancia en MI y la estancia hospitalaria&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Objetivos secundarios&#58;</span> evaluar si las recomendaciones propuestas en la 7&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> Conferencia de Consenso de la SEMICYUC sobre la PA en MI &#40;9&#47;05&#47;2007&#41; modificaron el manejo de estos pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0330" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dise&#241;o de estudio</span>&#58; se trata de un estudio observacional&#44; retrospectivo&#44; con un dise&#241;o antes y despu&#233;s en lo que respecta a la 7&#170; Conferencia de Consenso de la SEMICYUC sobre la Pancreatitis aguda en Medicina Intensiva &#40;09&#47;05&#47;2007&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0335" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Poblaci&#243;n a estudio y &#225;mbito de referencia&#58;</span> se ha incluido a todos los pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Medicina Intensiva del Hospital Donostia por PA&#44; de forma consecutiva&#44; sin que existan criterios de exclusi&#243;n&#46; Se trata de un servicio de Medicina Intensiva con 48 camas&#44; que sirve de referencia a una poblaci&#243;n de 700&#46;000 habitantes&#46;</p><p id="par0340" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Periodos de estudio</span>&#58; se ha dividido el periodo de estudio&#44; que va desde el 1 de Enero 2001 hasta 31 Diciembre 2016&#44; en dos periodos&#46; El primero de ellos ser&#237;a el previo a la Conferencia de consenso&#44; entre los a&#241;os 2001 y 2007&#44; y el segundo posterior a la Conferencia de Consenso&#44; entre los a&#241;os 2008 y 2016&#46;</p><p id="par0345" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Variables</span>&#46; Se han recogido las siguientes variables en este estudio&#58; variables de filiaci&#243;n &#40;n&#250;mero de paciente&#44; edad&#44; sexo&#41;&#59; periodo de tiempo a estudio &#40;preconferencia de consenso o postconferencia de consenso&#41;&#59; tiempos de ingreso &#40;D&#237;as de ingreso hospital-ingreso UCI&#44; D&#237;as de estancia en UCI&#44; D&#237;as de estancia hospitalaria&#41;&#59; etiolog&#237;a que provoc&#243; el cuadro &#40;biliar&#44; alcoh&#243;lica&#44; idiop&#225;tica&#44; post-CPRE&#44; otras&#41;&#59; grado afectaci&#243;n radiol&#243;gica&#44; medida mediante la escala de Balthazar&#59; scores de gravedad&#44; que incluyen SOFA y APACHE II en las primeras 24 horas&#44; y escala de Ranson&#59; necesidad de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica &#40;VM&#41; y terapias de reemplazo renal continuas &#40;TRRC&#41;&#59; presi&#243;n intra-abdominal &#40;PIA&#41; m&#225;xima alcanzada durante la estancia en UCI&#59; nutrici&#243;n que se emplea en el paciente a las 48 horas del ingreso &#40;ninguna&#44; enteral&#44; parenteral&#44; mixta&#41;&#59; complicaciones locales que desarrolla el paciente en su estancia hospitalaria &#40;necrosis infectada&#44; hemorragia intraabdominal&#44; perforaci&#243;n de v&#237;scera hueca&#41;&#44; necesidad de cirug&#237;a&#59; fallecimiento y si se presenta&#44; su causa &#40;SIRS inicial&#44; infecci&#243;n pancre&#225;tica&#44; infecci&#243;n nosocomial extrapancre&#225;tica&#44; otros&#41;&#59; desarrollo de sepsis pancre&#225;tica&#59; desarrollo de sepsis extrapancre&#225;tica&#59; uso de antibioterapia emp&#237;rica al ingreso&#44; y gravedad medida mediante la Clasificaci&#243;n basada en Determinantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Definiciones aplicadas en este estudio</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">-</span></span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">D&#237;as ingreso hospital-ingreso MI&#58; d&#237;as que transcurrieron desde que el paciente ingres&#243; en un centro hospitalario hasta que ingres&#243; en el Servicio de MI&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">-</span></span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Periodo de protocolo de tratamiento&#58; se establecieron 2 periodos&#44; pre &#40;2001-2007&#41; y post &#40;2007-2016&#41; Conferencia de Consenso&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Etiolog&#237;a&#58;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alcoh&#243;lica&#58; consumo excesivo de alcohol &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;d&#237;a&#41; mantenido durante m&#225;s de 5 a&#241;os&#44; sin otra causa definida de pancreatitis&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#8226;</span></span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Biliar&#58; presencia de c&#225;lculos en la v&#237;a biliar&#44; sin otra causa de pancreatitis&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0050"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Poscolangiopancreatograf&#237;a retr&#243;grada endosc&#243;pica&#58; pancreatitis que se inici&#243; en los 7 d&#237;as siguientes a la realizaci&#243;n de una colangiopancreatograf&#237;a retr&#243;grada endosc&#243;pica&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0055"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#8226;</span></span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Otras&#58; resto de causas de pancreatitis&#46; Aqu&#237; se incluir&#237;an la pancreatitis postraum&#225;tica&#44; la posquir&#250;rgica y la PA por hipertrigliceridemia&#44; adem&#225;s de otras causas menos frecuentes&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0060"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#8226;</span></span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Idiop&#225;tica&#58; cuando no se cumplen los criterios del resto de las etiolog&#237;as&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0020"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0065"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">APACHE II y SOFA&#58; puntuaci&#243;n m&#225;xima obtenida mediante las escalas APACHE II y SOFA durante las primeras 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h de ingreso en MI&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0070"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Complicaciones locales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#58; desarrollo&#44; en cualquier momento de su ingreso hospitalario&#44; de necrosis infectada &#40;definida por la presencia de gas en tejido &#91;peri&#93;pancre&#225;tico&#44; un resultado positivo en una tinci&#243;n de Gram o en muestras obtenidas con punci&#243;n-aspiraci&#243;n con aguja fina mediante t&#233;cnicas de imagen&#44; o en muestras obtenidas en quir&#243;fano o en muestras de drenajes&#41;&#44; hemorragia intraabdominal &#40;definida por la presencia de una colecci&#243;n l&#237;quida de densidad sangre por t&#233;cnicas de imagen &#91;TC&#44; RMN&#93;&#44; especialmente si se objetiv&#243; extravasaci&#243;n activa tras la administraci&#243;n de contraste o por la visualizaci&#243;n directa de hemorragia en la cirug&#237;a&#41; o perforaci&#243;n de v&#237;scera hueca &#40;definida por visualizaci&#243;n directa en la cirug&#237;a o por la presencia de alguno de estos hallazgos en las t&#233;cnicas de imagen&#58; neumoperitoneo&#44; presencia de burbujas de gas agrupadas adyacentes a la pared intestinal de un asa&#44; engrosamiento mural y p&#233;rdida de continuidad o discontinuidad en la pared del asa intestinal&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0075"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Causa de fallecimiento&#58; SRIS inicial &#40;pacientes que fallecieron por fracaso org&#225;nico originado por la PA en los 7 primeros d&#237;as de ingreso hospitalario&#44; sin que hubiera datos que indicasen infecci&#243;n en la regi&#243;n pancre&#225;tica&#41;&#44; infecci&#243;n pancre&#225;tica &#40;seg&#250;n la definici&#243;n de necrosis infectada dada en el apartado de complicaciones locales&#41;&#44; complicaciones locales &#40;hemorragia intraabdominal o perforaci&#243;n de v&#237;scera hueca&#44; seg&#250;n las definiciones previas &#91;n&#243;tese que la causa de fallecimiento definida como &#171;complicaciones locales&#187; no recogi&#243; la infecci&#243;n pancre&#225;tica&#44; que por su trascendencia constituye una causa diferenciada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a>&#93;&#44; infecci&#243;n nosocomial extrapancre&#225;tica &#91;aquella que apareci&#243; durante el ingreso hospitalario&#44; que se manifest&#243; transcurridas 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h o m&#225;s del ingreso del paciente en el hospital&#44; y que en el momento de ingreso del paciente en el hospital no estaba presente ni en periodo de incubaci&#243;n&#93;&#59; en este apartado se incluyeron tanto la infecci&#243;n por cat&#233;ter como la infecci&#243;n respiratoria &#91;principalmente la neumon&#237;a asociada a VM&#93; y la infecci&#243;n urinaria&#46; Para su definici&#243;n se emplearon las definiciones utilizadas por el grupo de trabajo en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Sepsis de la SEMICYUC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a>&#46; Uso de VM&#58; definido como la necesidad de VM invasiva en cualquier momento durante la estancia en MI&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0085"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uso de TRRC&#58; definido como el uso de TRRC por fracaso renal agudo en cualquier momento de su estancia en MI&#46; En el primer periodo de protocolo &#40;2001-2007&#41; su uso no tuvo criterio definido y se inici&#243; seg&#250;n la decisi&#243;n del m&#233;dico responsable&#46; En el segundo periodo de protocolo &#40;2008-2016&#41; se estableci&#243; como criterio el nivel <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Failure</span> del RIFLE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#44; por cambios en los protocolos de nuestro servicio de MI para todos los pacientes&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0090"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medici&#243;n de PIA&#58; se realiz&#243; utilizando un cat&#233;ter urinario&#44; seg&#250;n las definiciones de la conferencia internacional de expertos en hipertensi&#243;n intraabdominal y s&#237;ndrome compartimental agudo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; Se registr&#243; el valor m&#225;s elevado medido durante la estancia en MI&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0095"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Necesidad de cirug&#237;a&#58; definida por la Conferencia de Consenso de la SEMICYUC sobre PA de 2012<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; Por protocolo de nuestro hospital&#44; toda cirug&#237;a realizada sobre la celda pancre&#225;tica por complicaciones de la PA exigi&#243; el ingreso previo del paciente en MI&#46; Las principales indicaciones fueron&#58; necrosis infectada o absceso pancre&#225;tico que no pudo ser tratado con t&#233;cnicas de drenaje menos invasivas &#40;step-up&#41;&#44; perforaci&#243;n de v&#237;scera hueca&#44; hemorragia intraabdominal que no pudo ser tratada con t&#233;cnicas endovasculares y s&#237;ndrome compartimental abdominal que no pudo ser tratado con t&#233;cnicas conservadoras&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El manejo de la necrosis est&#233;ril fue inicialmente conservador&#44; salvo en los casos de m&#225;s de 4 semanas de evoluci&#243;n y persistencia de afectaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica del paciente&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seg&#250;n el momento en el que se realiz&#243;&#44; la cirug&#237;a se clasific&#243; en precoz&#44; si fue realizada en menos de 21 d&#237;as desde el inicio de la sintomatolog&#237;a&#44; y tard&#237;a&#44; si fue realizada en m&#225;s de 21 d&#237;as desde el inicio de la sintomatolog&#237;a&#46;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0025"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0100"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clasificaci&#243;n Basada en Determinantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#58;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pancreatitis aguda leve&#58;</span> se caracteriz&#243; por la ausencia tanto de necrosis &#40;peri&#41;pancre&#225;tica como de fallo org&#225;nico&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pancreatitis aguda moderada&#58;</span> se caracteriz&#243; por la presencia de cualquier tipo de necrosis &#40;peri&#41;pancre&#225;tica est&#233;ril o fallo org&#225;nico transitorio&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pancreatitis aguda grave&#58;</span> se caracteriz&#243; por la presencia de cualquier grado de necrosis &#40;peri&#41;pancre&#225;tica infectada o fallo org&#225;nico persistente&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pancreatitis aguda cr&#237;tica&#58;</span> se caracteriz&#243; por la presencia de necrosis &#40;peri&#41;pancre&#225;tica infectada y fallo org&#225;nico persistente&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se cre&#243; una base de datos anonimizada que recog&#237;a toda la informaci&#243;n de este estudio&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron los datos seg&#250;n la metodolog&#237;a estad&#237;stica correspondiente&#46; Se estimaron las frecuencias absolutas y relativas de las variables cualitativas&#46; Para las variables cuantitativas que siguen una distribuci&#243;n normal&#44; se utiliz&#243; la media y la desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#46; Para las variables cualitativas con una distribuci&#243;n no param&#233;trica&#44; se emplearon la mediana y los percentiles p25-p75&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La comparaci&#243;n entre variables cuantitativas se llev&#243; a cabo mediante la prueba T de Student y se emple&#243; ANOVA para el contraste de medias&#46; Cuando las variables no se distribuyeron normalmente se utiliz&#243; el test de Kruskal-Wallis o la U de Mann-Whitney&#46; La comparaci&#243;n de proporciones se realiz&#243; mediante la prueba &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> o el test exacto de Fisher&#46;</p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para determinar la influencia del protocolo aplicado y el periodo de ingreso&#44; y con la idea de evitar factores de confusi&#243;n&#44; se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis univariante para conocer cu&#225;les fueron los factores que influyeron en la mortalidad&#46; Posteriormente&#44; aquellas variables con una p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1 se incluyeron en un an&#225;lisis multivariante de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica&#46; Los valores perdidos de las variables no recogidas fueron tratados mediante imputaci&#243;n m&#250;ltiple&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Aspectos &#233;ticos y legales</span><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio fue aprobado por el Comit&#233; de Ensayos Cl&#237;nicos del &#193;rea de Guip&#250;zcoa&#46; Se cumpli&#243; la Ley Org&#225;nica 15&#47;1999 de Protecci&#243;n de Datos de Car&#225;cter Personal y el Real Decreto 994&#47;1999&#44; por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de medidas de seguridad de ficheros automatizados que contengan datos de car&#225;cter personal&#46; Los datos de los pacientes fueron recogidos de forma anonimizada de la base de datos electr&#243;nica&#44; mediante un c&#243;digo num&#233;rico&#46; En ning&#250;n momento se registraron datos identificativos de los pacientes ni hubo forma de entrelazar su filiaci&#243;n y sus datos cl&#237;nicos&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Resultados</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se estudiaron 286 pacientes&#44; 94 en el periodo 2001-2007 y 192 en el periodo 2008-2016&#44; con una edad media de 59 a&#241;os&#44; con predominio de varones&#44; que han presentado un PA de origen principalmente biliar&#44; con una mortalidad hospitalaria global de 23&#44;07&#37;&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a> se muestran las caracter&#237;sticas generales de los pacientes incluidos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Aplicaci&#243;n del protocolo</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La introducci&#243;n del protocolo para el manejo de la PA supuso una disminuci&#243;n de los d&#237;as previos al ingreso en MI&#44; un aumento del uso de nutrici&#243;n enteral y una reducci&#243;n del uso de nutrici&#243;n parenteral&#44; as&#237; como una reducci&#243;n del uso de profilaxis antibi&#243;tica&#46; Sin embargo&#44; no hubo un aumento en la tasa de realizaci&#243;n de cirug&#237;a tard&#237;a &#40;31&#44;4 vs&#46; 26&#44;4&#37;&#44; ns&#41;&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a> se detallan los resultados de la aplicaci&#243;n del protocolo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Evoluci&#243;n cl&#237;nica seg&#250;n el periodo de estudio</span><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se observaron cambios entre ambos periodos en lo que respecta a las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes&#44; as&#237; como en el n&#250;mero de estos que fueron incluidos&#46; En el segundo periodo&#44; ingres&#243; un mayor n&#250;mero de pacientes y se objetiv&#243; una disminuci&#243;n de la puntuaci&#243;n de Ranson&#44; APACHE II y SOFA en las primeras 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; con un mayor grado de afectaci&#243;n radiol&#243;gica en la escala de Balthazar&#46; Asimismo&#44; los pacientes incluidos en el segundo periodo tuvieron un mayor porcentaje de PA de origen biliar&#44; con una PIA m&#225;xima menor&#44; un menor uso de VM y una mayor necesidad de TRRC&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En lo que respecta a los resultados cl&#237;nicos&#44; se evidenci&#243; un descenso de la mortalidad hospitalaria entre ambos periodos &#40;35&#44;1 vs&#46; 17&#44;18&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; con una variaci&#243;n a su vez en las causas de esta&#58; una disminuci&#243;n de infecciones extraabdominales y SRIS inicial en el periodo 2008-2016&#44; con un aumento de las complicaciones locales &#40;perforaci&#243;n intestinal&#44; hemorragia intraabdominal&#41; y otras causas&#46; Al realizar el an&#225;lisis de mortalidad seg&#250;n categor&#237;as de la Clasificaci&#243;n Basada en Determinantes&#44; se observ&#243; un descenso significativo en el subgrupo de las PA graves &#40;37 vs&#46; 19&#44;1&#37;&#41; en este periodo 2008-2016&#46; No se observaron cambios significativos en lo que respecta a la estancia en el Servicio de MI ni en la estancia hospitalaria&#46; La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a> muestra los resultados de forma comparativa entre ambos periodos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">An&#225;lisis univariante y multivariante de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica</span><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Como se describe en la metodolog&#237;a&#44; se realiz&#243; primeramente un an&#225;lisis univariante de los diferentes factores relacionados con la mortalidad&#44; tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#41;&#46; Las variables que se asociaron de forma estad&#237;sticamente significativa con la mortalidad fueron la edad&#44; el APACHE II&#44; la PIA&#44; el SOFA&#44; el Ranson&#44; el periodo de protocolo&#44; la etiolog&#237;a&#44; el uso de VM y TRRC&#44; y la gravedad seg&#250;n la Clasificaci&#243;n Basada en Determinantes&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el siguiente paso&#44; se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis multivariante de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a>&#41;&#46; Las variables que presentaron p&#233;rdidas fueron las siguientes&#58; SOFA m&#225;xima en las primeras 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;87 casos&#44; 30&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; PIA m&#225;xima durante su estancia en MI &#40;216 casos&#44; 75&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#44; &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;19 casos&#44; 6&#44;64&#37;&#41;&#44; puntuaci&#243;n seg&#250;n la escala de Balthazar &#40;6 casos&#44; 2&#44;10&#37;&#41;&#44; Ranson &#40;37 casos&#44; 12&#44;93&#37;&#41;&#46; Los valores perdidos se trataron mediante imputaci&#243;n m&#250;ltiple para evitar la exclusi&#243;n de casos&#44; salvo la PIA&#44; que debido a su alto porcentaje de p&#233;rdidas fue eliminado directamente del an&#225;lisis multivariante&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El periodo de aplicaci&#243;n del protocolo mostr&#243; una relaci&#243;n estad&#237;sticamente significativa con la mortalidad&#44; para el ingreso en el periodo 2008-2016 frente al periodo 2001-2007 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a>&#41;&#46; Otros factores que se relacionaron de forma estad&#237;sticamente significativa fueron la edad&#44; el APACHE II&#44; el uso de VM y la no realizaci&#243;n de cirug&#237;a&#46; La Clasificaci&#243;n Basada en Determinantes mostr&#243; una p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;054&#44; por lo que se consider&#243; no significativo&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En este art&#237;culo se analiz&#243; la influencia cl&#237;nica que pudiera tener la aplicaci&#243;n de un protocolo para el manejo de los pacientes con PA que ingresan en un servicio de MI&#44; basado en la Conferencia de Consenso SEMICYUC de 2007<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; Para ello se emple&#243; una serie retrospectiva de 286 pacientes&#44; con un alto porcentaje de formas graves y cr&#237;ticas seg&#250;n la Clasificaci&#243;n Basada en Determinantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; lo que supone una de las series m&#225;s grandes publicadas hasta la actualidad&#46;</p><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las Recomendaciones de la Conferencia de Consenso describieron varios puntos de mejora para el manejo de los pacientes con PA en MI&#44; como el uso de nutrici&#243;n enteral precoz&#44; el ingreso precoz en MI&#44; el retraso en la cirug&#237;a y el cese de la profilaxis antibi&#243;tica&#46; En este estudio el grado de cumplimentaci&#243;n de los objetivos fue importante en lo que respecta al ingreso precoz&#44; el uso de nutrici&#243;n enteral precoz<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> y el cese en el uso de la profilaxis antibi&#243;tica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a>&#44; pero no en la realizaci&#243;n de cirug&#237;a tard&#237;a&#44; lo que supone un punto de mejora para nuestra unidad&#46; La monitorizaci&#243;n protocolizada de la PIA fue otra mejora incluida a partir del a&#241;o 2012&#44; a ra&#237;z del cambio en las Recomendaciones SEMICYUC de ese a&#241;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;21</span></a>&#44; ya que es conocida su influencia sobre el curso cl&#237;nico de la PA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; dado que la recogida de datos fue retrospectiva&#44; hubo un alto porcentaje de casos en los que no se pudo registrar&#44; y se decidi&#243; no incluirlo como resultado de cambio en el manejo de los pacientes ni incluirlo en el an&#225;lisis multivariante&#46; El manejo mediante t&#233;cnicas no invasivas o m&#237;nimamente invasivas de la necrosis pancre&#225;tica infectada se inici&#243; el a&#241;o 2013<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> y pudo haber influido en los resultados finales&#44; pero no se estudi&#243; espec&#237;ficamente en este trabajo&#46;</p><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En lo que respecta a los resultados cl&#237;nicos&#44; se observaron cambios importantes entre los periodos 2001-2007 y 2008-2016&#58; un aumento en el n&#250;mero de casos&#44; con una reducci&#243;n en los marcadores de gravedad&#44; y un descenso llamativo de la mortalidad hospitalaria&#44; con cambios en sus causas&#46; De forma llamativa&#44; no hubo cambios significativos en lo que se refiere a la estancia en MI y la estancia hospitalaria entre ambos periodos&#46; Es por ello que la interpretaci&#243;n de los datos debe hacerse con mucha precauci&#243;n&#46; Se registr&#243; una reducci&#243;n relativa de la mortalidad del 50&#37; entre ambos periodos de protocolo&#44; con una mortalidad hospitalaria absoluta inferior al 20&#37; en el segundo&#46; Esta mortalidad fue muy inferior a la descrita en otras series&#58; por ejemplo&#44; Bumbasirevic et al&#46; describieron una mortalidad del 53&#44;6&#37; para pacientes con PA en MI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#59; un estudio multic&#233;ntrico reciente en 46 servicios de MI present&#243; una mortalidad del 28&#44;7&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; Si se analizan las categor&#237;as de la Clasificaci&#243;n Basada en Determinantes&#44; la reducci&#243;n de la mortalidad fue significativa en el caso de las PA graves&#44; y la mortalidad que presentaron los pacientes con PA grave y cr&#237;tica en este estudio fue inferior a la recogida en otras series<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#8211;28</span></a>&#46; Con ello&#44; parece que el descenso de la mortalidad no se debi&#243; &#250;nicamente a un mayor ingreso de formas m&#225;s leves en el periodo 2008-2016&#44; sino que pudiera estar tambi&#233;n en relaci&#243;n con un mejor manejo de los pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asimismo&#44; se registraron cambios en la causa de mortalidad&#44; ya que se redujo mucho tanto la debida a infecci&#243;n extraabdominal como por SRIS inicial&#44; y aument&#243; la mortalidad por complicaciones locales &#40;perforaci&#243;n intestinal&#44; hemorragia intraabdominal&#41;&#46; Creemos que el ingreso precoz&#44; junto con la mejora en las medidas de soporte&#44; pudo justificar la reducci&#243;n de mortalidad por SRIS inicial&#44; tal y como han descrito otros autores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;29&#8211;31</span></a>&#46; En lo que respecta a las complicaciones locales&#44; no hubo cambios significativos en el porcentaje de pacientes que desarrollaron las mismas entre ambos periodos&#44; ni en su mortalidad&#44; siendo similar al descrito en otras series<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#8211;32</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; hubo un aumento en el peso porcentual sobre la mortalidad global de los pacientes fallecidos por perforaci&#243;n intestinal y hemorragia intraabdominal&#46; En ello pudo haber contribuido el descenso de la mortalidad por SRIS inicial e infecci&#243;n extraabdominal&#44; y la dificultad de tratamiento que presentan estas complicaciones&#44; adem&#225;s de su aparici&#243;n tard&#237;a&#44; en pacientes que ya mostraban una afectaci&#243;n org&#225;nica importante&#44; y necrosis infectada&#44; previamente tratada en muchas ocasiones&#46;</p><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dado que pudo haber factores de confusi&#243;n que explicaran la reducci&#243;n de la mortalidad entre ambos periodos&#44; se llev&#243; a cabo un an&#225;lisis multivariante mediante regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica&#44; en el cual el periodo de tratamiento se mantuvo como variable&#44; relacionado de forma significativa con la mortalidad hospitalaria&#46; Este an&#225;lisis multivariante present&#243; varias limitaciones&#44; m&#225;s trat&#225;ndose de una recogida de datos retrospectiva&#46; Los valores perdidos fueron escasos&#44; salvo para la variable SOFA&#44; m&#225;xima en las primeras 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h de estancia en MI&#44; y fueron tratadas mediante imputaci&#243;n m&#250;ltiple&#46; Como se ha descrito previamente&#44; la PIA m&#225;xima recogida fue excluida directamente por su alto porcentaje de casos perdidos&#44; lo que pudo haber influido en el resultado final&#46;</p><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adem&#225;s de la naturaleza retrospectiva del estudio y la influencia potencial de los valores perdidos&#44; hubo otras limitaciones que hacen que los buenos resultados en la reducci&#243;n de la mortalidad deban ser interpretados con mucha cautela&#46; Como se ha indicado anteriormente&#44; en el periodo de protocolo 2008-2016 se registr&#243; un cambio en el perfil cl&#237;nico de los pacientes&#44; con un mayor n&#250;mero de estos y una reducci&#243;n de la gravedad medida mediante APACHE II&#44; SOFA y Ranson&#44; probablemente asociado a un ingreso m&#225;s precoz&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; hubo cambios en la etiolog&#237;a de estos pacientes&#44; un menor uso de VM y un mayor uso de TRRC&#46; El mayor uso de TRRC se debi&#243; a cambios generales de nuestro servicio de MI&#44; al establecer como criterio de inicio de TRRC el criterio <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Failure</span> del RIFLE&#46; Existen estudios que evidencian que el uso de TRRC puede reducir la mortalidad de los casos de PA m&#225;s graves&#44; lo que pude haber influido en nuestros resultados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#44;34</span></a>&#46; Por a&#241;adidura&#44; el largo periodo de recogida de datos y su naturaleza unic&#233;ntrica hizo que otros cambios generales pudieran haber condicionado nuestros resultados&#44; y no las hubi&#233;ramos estudiado&#44; como las pol&#237;ticas de seguridad&#44; o las campa&#241;as de reducci&#243;n de infecciones nosocomiales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0295" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Resultar&#237;a interesante que la experiencia recogida en nuestro centro fuera corroborada en otros hospitales o fuera estudiada en series multic&#233;ntricas amplias&#44; de forma prospectiva y en un menor periodo de tiempo&#44; para ver si se consigue una mejor&#237;a en la evoluci&#243;n cl&#237;nica de los pacientes con PA en MI&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0300" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La aplicaci&#243;n de un protocolo para el manejo de los pacientes con PA ingresados en MI&#44; basado en la 7&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> Conferencia de Consenso de la SEMICYUC&#44; tuvo como consecuencia un mejor abordaje de estos pacientes en lo que respecta a ingreso precoz en MI&#44; uso de nutrici&#243;n enteral y cese en el uso de antibioterapia profil&#225;ctica&#44; y pudo estar relacionado con un descenso de su mortalidad hospitalaria&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">Autor&#237;a</span><p id="par0305" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tanto Leyre Amas como Felix Zubia han contribuido en la recogida&#44; el an&#225;lisis y la interpretaci&#243;n de los datos&#44; el dise&#241;o del estudio y la redacci&#243;n del art&#237;culo&#44; habiendo ambos aprobado la versi&#243;n final de este&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0170">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0310" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n tipo de conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Conocer si la implantaci&#243;n de un protocolo para el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda &#40;PA&#41; en Medicina Intensiva &#40;MI&#41; redund&#243; en la mejora de los resultados cl&#237;nicos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Serie de casos&#44; observacional&#44; retrospectivo&#44; con un dise&#241;o antes-despu&#233;s&#46; Periodo de estudio&#58; 1&#47;01&#47;2001-31&#47;12&#47;2016&#44; dividido en 2 periodos &#40;preprotocolo 2001-2007&#59; posprotocolo 2008-2016&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">&#193;mbito</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un servicio de MI con 48 camas y poblaci&#243;n de 700&#46;000 habitantes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Participantes</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pacientes ingresados en MI con PA&#46; No hubo criterios de exclusi&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Intervenciones</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se aplicaron las recomendaciones propuestas en la 7&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> Conferencia de Consenso &#40;2007&#41; de la SEMICYUC sobre la PA en el segundo periodo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Variables de inter&#233;s principales</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; APACHE II&#44; SOFA&#44; periodo a estudio&#44; d&#237;as previos al ingreso en MI&#44; tipo de nutrici&#243;n&#44; cirug&#237;a&#44; profilaxis antibi&#243;tica&#44; mortalidad hospitalaria&#44; estancia en MI&#44; estancia hospitalaria&#44; clasificaci&#243;n basada en determinantes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Doscientos ochenta y seis pacientes &#40;94 preprotocolo&#44; 192 posprotocolo&#41;&#44; mortalidad hospitalaria de 66&#160;casos &#40;23&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#46; La aplicaci&#243;n del protocolo supuso una disminuci&#243;n de la estancia hospitalaria previa al ingreso en MI&#44; y de la profilaxis antibi&#243;tica&#44; con un aumento del uso de nutrici&#243;n enteral&#46; Se evidenci&#243; un descenso de la mortalidad hospitalaria en el segundo periodo &#40;35&#44;1 vs&#46; 17&#44;18&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; sin cambios significativos en la estancia en MI ni en la hospitalaria&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariante&#44; la variable &#171;periodo de tratamiento&#187; mantuvo significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica respecto a la mortalidad hospitalaria &#40;OR 0&#44;34 en 2008-2016&#44; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;15-0&#44;74&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El establecimiento de un protocolo podr&#237;a estar relacionado con un descenso de la mortalidad de los pacientes ingresados en MI por PA&#46;</p></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Objective</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine whether the implementation of a protocol for the management of patients with acute pancreatitis &#40;AP&#41; in an Intensive Care Unit &#40;ICU&#41; improves the clinical outcomes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Design</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective&#44; before-after observational case series study was carried out&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Study period</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">1 January 2001 to 31 December 2016&#44; divided in 2 periods &#40;pre-protocol 2001-2007&#44; post-protocol 2008-2016&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Scope</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An ICU with 48 beds and a recruitment population of 700&#44;000 inhabitants&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Participants</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AP patients admitted to the ICU&#44; with no exclusion criteria&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Interventions</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The recommendations proposed in the 7th Consensus Conference of the SEMICYUC on AP &#40;5 September 2007&#41; were applied in the second period&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Main variables of interest</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patient age&#44; sex&#44; APACHE II&#44; SOFA&#44; study period&#44; pre-ICU hospital stay&#44; nutrition&#44; surgery&#44; antibiotic prophylaxis&#44; hospital mortality&#44; ICU length of stay&#44; hospital length of stay&#44; determinant-based classification&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study comprised 286 patients &#40;94 in the pre-protocol period&#44; 192 in the post-protocol period&#41;&#44; with a global in-hospital mortality rate of 23&#46;1&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>66&#41;&#46; Application of the protocol decreased the pre-ICU hospital stay and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis&#44; and increased the use of enteral nutrition&#46; Hospital mortality decreased in the second period &#40;35&#46;1 vs&#46; 17&#46;18&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; with no significant changes in ICU and hospital stays&#46; In the multivariate logistic regression analysis&#44; the variable period of treatment remained as a variable of statistical significance in terms of hospital mortality &#40;OR 0&#46;34 for the period 2008-2016&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;15-0&#46;74&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The implementation of a protocol could result in decreased mortality among AP patients admitted to the ICU&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Scope"
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            "titulo" => "Participants"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">APACHE II&#58; Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II&#59; DE&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#59; ns&#58; no significativo&#59; PIA m&#225;xima&#58; presi&#243;n intraabdominal m&#225;xima registrada durante su estancia en Medicina Intensiva&#59; SOFA&#58; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment&#59; TRRC&#58; t&#233;cnicas de reemplazo renal continuo&#59; VM&#58; ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61 &#40;27&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2008-2016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">159 &#40;72&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#237;as hospital-MI&#44; mediana &#40;p25-p75&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0-4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;75-2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Etiolog&#237;a&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Alcoh&#243;lica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;23&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;13&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;017</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Biliar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">94 &#40;42&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;36&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hiperlipidemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;6&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;4&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Idiop&#225;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;14&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;34&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Post-CPRE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;10&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;9&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Otras&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;2&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;1&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">APACHE II m&#225;ximo en primeras 24</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h&#44; media</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DE</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SOFA m&#225;ximo en primeras 24</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h&#44; media</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DE &#40;valores perdidos</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">87 casos&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ranson&#44; media</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DE</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Puntos TC &#40;Balthazar&#41;&#44; media</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DE</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PIA m&#225;ximo en primeras 24</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h &#40;mmHg&#41;&#44; media</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#177;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DE &#40;valores perdidos</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#61;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">216 casos&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cirug&#237;a&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97 &#40;44&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;56&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ns&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#237;a IQ&#44; mediana &#40;p25-p75&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;4&#44;5-27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;2-20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nutrici&#243;n en primeras 48</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">ns</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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