Journal Information
Vol. 41. Issue 9.
Pages 569-570 (December 2017)
Vol. 41. Issue 9.
Pages 569-570 (December 2017)
Scientific Letter
Full text access
Assessment of the reliability of the accelerometers feedback devices depending on the surface on which cardiopulmonary resuscitation is performed
Evaluación de la fiabilidad de los dispositivos acelerómetros de retroalimentación inmediata en función de la superficie en la que se realice la reanimación cardiopulmonar
Visits
4922
M. Freire Telladoa, R. Navarro Patónb,
Corresponding author
ruben.navarro.paton@usc.es

Corresponding author.
, M.P. Pavón Prietoa, J.D. Vázquez Lópezc, J. Mateos Lorenzod, M.A. Neira Pájaroe
a Médico del Servicio de Emergencias Médicas de la Fundación Pública Urgencias Sanitarias 061, Base 061 Lugo, Centro de Salud de Fingoy, Lugo, Spain
b Docente de la Facultad de Formación de Profesorado, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
c Enfermero del Servicio de Emergencias Médicas de la Fundación Pública Urgencias Sanitarias 061, Base 061 Foz, Lugo, Spain
d Técnico del Servicio de Emergencias Médicas de la Fundación Pública Urgencias Sanitarias 061, Base 061 Lugo, Centro de Salud de Fingoy, Lugo, Spain
e Técnico del Servicio de Emergencias Médicas de la Fundación Pública Urgencias Sanitarias 061, Base 061 Foz, Lugo, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Full Text
Dear Sir,

The current guides of the European Resuscitation Council 20151 recommend that whenever possible, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be performed on a hard surface. If this is not possible, a hard spinal board is considered to be acceptable,1 taking care to minimize CPR interruption and the inadvertent removal of the intravenous accesses and advanced airway management devices.

In relation to CPR feedback devices, the current guides1 consider that their use should only be contemplated as part of a broader patient care system. Despite the lack of evidence of any significant improvement in patient survival at hospital discharge, the studies in this field have reported significant improvement in percentage recovery of spontaneous circulation in the context of in-hospital CPR when the use of such devices is combined with an improvement system based on training and debriefing sessions.

Although several studies on elastic surfaces and their influence upon compression depth3–5 alert to the negative impact of accelerometer feedback devices when used on elastic surfaces commonly found in hospitals, the utilization of such systems has become widespread among out-hospital emergency care teams, and such devices presently contribute to data recording in both in- and out-hospital CPR studies,6,7 which have generated new information on the relationship between compression depth and patient survival in CPR.

In order to investigate whether the CPR guiding distortion effect of hospital bed elastic surfaces also occurs with ambulance stretchers, a study was carried out with the specific aim of determining the reliability of the Philips accelerometer feedback device HeartStart Mrx Q-CPR™ (Q-CPR) when used as CPR guiding element on a mannequin by the staff of an emergency care team on three different surfaces: floor, bed and ambulance stretcher.

Sixteen volunteers (11 men [68.75%] and 5 women [31.25%]) comprising physicians, nurses and emergency care technicians of the SEM FPUS 061 (Lugo, Spain), participated in the study. The Skill Reporter mannequin (Leardal) was used for the simulations, with a gyroscopic control device following feedback from the Q-CPR during two continuous chest compressions on a standard hospital bed with mattress (190cm in length, 90cm in width and 19cm in thickness); a Promeba 6107 ambulance transfer stretcher raised to a height of 57cm, with mattress (190cm×48cm×9cm); and on a non-elastic surface (floor). The primary outcome variable was the difference in compression depth (difference between the parameters recorded by the Q-CPR and the Skill Reporter mannequin accelerometer) on each of the three surfaces.

The statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 20 statistical package for MS Windows. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to assess normal distribution of the data. The differences in means among the different surfaces were explored by single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni post hoc testing.

The mean compression depth recorded with the Q-CPR accelerometer versus the gyroscopic recording was 51.68mm (standard deviation [SD] 6.11) (range 43–62mm) vs 56.06mm (SD 5.05) (range 46–63mm) on the floor; 54.93mm (SD 7.88) (range 43–69mm) vs 45.12mm (SD 4.88) (range 35–54mm) on the ambulance stretcher; and 57.18mm (SD 10.79) (range 40–78mm) vs 31.12mm (SD 4.16) (range 24–42mm) on the hospital bed. The differences in mean depth (in mm) between the two recording methods on the three surfaces were: MFloor=−4.41 (SD 7.34); MStretcher=9.81 (SD 5.92) MBed=26.06 (SD 9.39). These differences were considered to be statistically significant on all three surfaces (F(2.45)=62.38 (p<0.001), Eta2=0.7349).

The participants repeatedly failed to follow the indications of the device. These were health professionals used to performing cardiac compression on real-life victims: the subjective impression of performing compressions of little depth caused them to stop monitoring the device, and this tendency was seen to increase with the thickness of the elastic surface on which compression was performed.

The accelerometer proved adequate as a compression quality guide when used on a hard surface (floor), but not so on the elastic surfaces, since the device suggested that cardiac compression depth was correct, when in fact the depth fell short of the limit recommended by the CPR guides.1 This effect was attributable to the inertia of the low resistance of the elastic surface, and was related to the thickness of the latter–depth error increasing with the thickness of the elastic surface.

Despite the small sample size, which precludes generalization of the findings, this study obtained results similar to those of previous publications involving accelerometers on elastic surfaces commonly used in hospital. The findings are consistent with those of other authors3 and are less concordant with those of studies involving prior calibration.4,5

Recent studies offer encouraging data on new feedback devices not affected by elastic resistance, such as gyroscopic systems4 and flexible pressure sensors (Shinnosekuken),8,9 and on the potential advantages of using mechanical cardiac compression devices10 versus the human operator, especially on elastic surfaces. However, for the time being, it is probably advisable to strengthen the recommendation of the European Resuscitation Council1 to perform chest compression on a hard surface whenever possible, and to develop specific protocols for the use of these new and promising devices in the case of those Departments which because of their special characteristics are unable to maintain high quality compression1–such practice in all cases forming part of an integral patient management system.2

In sum, the Q-CPR accelerometer offered reliable guidance feedback when used on hard surfaces, though not so on surfaces with a degree of elasticity, such as hospital beds or ambulance stretchers, where the use of such devices should be avoided.

Authorship/collaborators

All the authors have participated in this study and in preparation of the article (study conception and design, data acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data, drafting of the manuscript, critical review of the intellectual content, and definitive approval of the paper).

Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to the physicians, nurses and emergency care technicians for their kind and selfless participation in this study.

References
[1]
L. Bossaert, R. Greif, I. Maconochie, K.G. Monsieurs, N. Nikolaou, J.P. Nolan, et al.
European Resuscitation Council Summary of the main changes in the Resuscitation Guidelines.
Resuscitation, 95 (2015), pp. 201-221
[2]
D.P. Edelson, B. Litzinger, V. Arora, D. Walsh, S. Kim, D.S. Lauderdale, et al.
Improving in-hospital cardiac arrest process and outcomes with performance debriefing.
Arch Intern Med, 168 (2008), pp. 1063-1069
[3]
G.D. Perkins, L. Kocierz, S.C.L. Smith, R.A. McCulloch, R.P. Davies.
Compression feedback devices over estimate chest compression depth when performed on a bed.
Resuscitation, 80 (2009), pp. 78-82
[4]
S.G. Beesems, R.W. Koster.
Accurate feedback of chest compression depth on a manikin on a soft surface with correction for total body displacement.
Resuscitation, 85 (2014), pp. 1439-1443
[5]
M. Sainio, H. Hellevuo, H. Huhtala, S. Hoppu, J. Eilevstjønn, J. Tenhunen, et al.
Effect of mattress and bed frame deflection on real chest compression depth measured with two CPR sensors.
Resuscitation, 85 (2014), pp. 840-843
[6]
I.G. Stiell, S.P. Brow, G. Nichol, S. Cheskes, C. Vaillancourt, C.W. Callaway, et al.
What is the optimal chest compression depth during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation of adults patients?.
Circulation, 130 (2014), pp. 1962-1970
[7]
H. Hellevuo, M. Sainio, R. Nevalinen, H. Huhtala, K.T. Olkkola, J. Tenhunen, et al.
Deeper chest compression – more complications for cardiac arrest patients.
Resuscitation, 84 (2013), pp. 760-765
[8]
K. Minami, Y. Kokubo, I. Maeda, S. Hibino.
Analysis of actual pressure point using the power flexible capacitive sensor during chest compression.
[9]
K. Minami, Y. Kokubo, I. Maeda, S. Hibino.
A flexible pressure sensor could correctly measure the depth of chest compression on a mattress.
Am J Emerg Med, 34 (2016), pp. 899-902
[10]
G. Putzer, A. Fiala, P. Braun, S. Neururer, K. Biechl, B. Keilig, et al.
Manual versus mechanical chest compressions on surfaces of varying softness with or without backboards: a randomized, crossover manikin study.
J Emerg Med, 50 (2016), pp. 594-600

Please cite this article as: Freire Tellado M, Navarro Patón R, Pavón Prieto MP, Vázquez López JD, Mateos Lorenzo J, Neira Pájaro MA. Evaluación de la fiabilidad de los dispositivos acelerómetros de retroalimentación inmediata en función de la superficie en la que se realice la reanimación cardiopulmonar. Med Intensiva. 2017;41:569–570.

Copyright © 2017. Elsevier España, S.L.U. and SEMICYUC
Idiomas
Medicina Intensiva (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?