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Available online 22 January 2025
Comparison of non-invasive ventilation on bilevel pressure mode and CPAP in the treatment of COVID-19 related acute respiratory failure. A propensity score–matched analysis
Comparación de ventilación no invasiva en modo doble nivel de presión y CPAP en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda relacionada con COVID-19. Análisis con emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión
Andrés Carrillo-Alcaraza, Miguel Guiab,c,&#¿;
Corresponding author
miguelguia7@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Laura Lopez-Gomeza, Pablo Bayoumya, Aurea Higon-Cañigrala, Elena Carrasco Gonzáleza, Pilar Tornero Yepeza, Juan Miguel Sánchez-Nietod
a Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
b Sleep and Non-Invasive Ventilation Unit, Thorax Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
c ISAMB, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
d Pulmonology Department, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
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Figures (1)
Tables (5)
Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Table 2. Neurologic, hemodynamic and respiratory variables.
Table 3. Complications related to non-invasive ventilatory device.
Table 4. Outcomes.
Table 5. Comparison between CPAP and BiPAP by Propensity Score–Matched Analysis.
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Additional material (1)
Abstract
Objective

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the effectiveness and complications of CPAP versus non-invasive ventilation on bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in the treatment of COVID-19 associated acute respiratory failure (ARF).

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Setting

ICU.

Patients

All COVID-19 patients, admitted to an ICU between March 2020 and February 2023, who required CPAP or BiPAP were analyzed.

Interventions

Use of CPAP or BiPAP in COVID-19 associated ARF.

Main variables of interest

Initial clinical variables, CPAP and BiPAP failure rate, complications, in-hospital mortality.

Results

429 patients were analyzed, of whom 328 (76.5%) initially received CPAP and 101 (23.5%) BiPAP. Initial respiratory rate was 30&#¿;±&#¿;8 in the CPAP group and 34&#¿;±&#¿;9 in BiPAP (p&#¿;<&#¿;0.001), while PaO2/FiO2 was 120&#¿;±&#¿;26 and 111&#¿;±&#¿;24&#¿;mmHg (p&#¿;=&#¿;0.001), respectively. The most frequent complication related to the device was claustrophobia/discomfort, 23.2% in CPAP and 25.7% in BiPAP (p&#¿;=&#¿;0.596), while the most frequent complications not related to the device were severe ARDS, 58.6% and 70.1% (p&#¿;=&#¿;0.044), and hyperglycemia, 44.5% and 37.6%, respectively (p&#¿;=&#¿;0.221). After adjusting by propensity score matched analysis, neither failure of the device (OR 1.37, CI 95% 0.72–2.62) nor in-hospital mortality (OR 1.57, CI 95% 0.73–3.42) differed between both groups.

Conclusions

Either non-invasive ventilatory device failure or mortality rate differed in patients initially treated with CPAP versus BiPAP.

Keywords:
COVID-19
Non-invasive ventilation
CPAP
Acute respiratory failure
Critical care
Resumen
Objetivo

El objetivo del estudio ha sido analizar las diferencias en la efectividad y complicaciones de CPAP versus ventilación no invasive en modo doble nivel de presión (BiPAP) en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) relacionada con COVID-19.

Diseño

Estudio observacional retrospectivo.

Ámbito

UCI.

Pacientes

Fueron analizados todos los pacientes COVID-19, ingresados en UCI entre Marzo de 2020 y Febrero de 2023, que requirieron CPAP o BiPAP.

Intervenciones

Uso de CPAP o BiPAP en la IRA relacionada con COVID-19.

Variables de interés principales

Variables clínicas iniciales, fracaso de la CPAP o BiPAP, complicaciones, mortalidad hospitalaria.

Resultados

Fueron analizados 429 pacientes, de ellos 328 (76,5%) inicialmente recibieron CPAP y 101 (23,5%) BiPAP. La frecuencia respiratoria inicial era de 30&#¿;±&#¿;8 en el grupo CPAP y 34&#¿;±&#¿;9 en BiPAP (p&#¿;<&#¿;0,001), mientras la PaO2/FiO2 era 120&#¿;±&#¿;26 y 111&#¿;±&#¿;24&#¿;mmHg (p&#¿;=&#¿;0,001), respectivamente. La complicación más frecuente relacionada con el dispositivo fue claustrofobia/malestar, 23,2% en CPAP y 25,7% en BiPAP (p&#¿;=&#¿;0,596), mientras que las complicaciones más frecuentes no relacionadas con el dispositivo fueron SDRA severo, 58,6% y 70,1% (p&#¿;=&#¿;0,044), e hiperglucemia, 44,5% y 37,6%, respectivamente (p&#¿;=&#¿;0,221). Tras ajustar mediante análisis de propensión apareado, ni el fracaso del dispositivo (OR 1.37, IC-95% 0,72 a 2,62) ni la mortalidad hospitalaria (OR 1,57, IC-95% 0,73 a 3,42) mostraron diferencias entre ambos grupos.

Conclusiones

Ni el fracaso del dispositivo no invasive ni la mortalidad difirieron entre los pacientes inicialmente tratados con CPAP o BiPAP.

Palabras clave:
COVID-19
Ventilación no invasiva
CPAP
Insuficiencia respiratoria aguda
Cuidados críticos

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