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Reduced thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and enhanced proinflammatory cytokines in acute coronary syndrome
Reducción del inhibidor de la fibrinólisis activado por trombina y aumento de las citocinas proinflamatorias en pacientes son síndrome coronario agudo
a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Ling Gong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian city 116024, China
b Vasculocardiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2 of Street 5, Guta District, Jinzhou city 121000, China
c Technology Center of Liaoning MEDI Biological Company, No. 166 of Xianghuai Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Benxi city 117004, China
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A significant negative correlation existed in acute coronary syndrome patients between the serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "H. Pang, C. Zhang, F. Liu, X. Gong, X. Jin, C. Su" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "H." "apellidos" => "Pang" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Zhang" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Liu" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "X." "apellidos" => "Gong" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "X." "apellidos" => "Jin" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." 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"tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "483" "paginaFinal" => "486" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "¿Por qué deberíamos seguir midiendo la presión venosa central?" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2290 "Ancho" => 3168 "Tamanyo" => 417606 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between changes in central venous pressure and cardiac output. Central venous pressure (CVP) is defined by the relationship between the right ventricular function (red) and venous return curves (blue). Intersection of both curves (black dot) determines a unique value of CVP and cardiac output. Changes in cardiac output and CVP in the same direction mainly reflect variations in the venous return (peripheral function). Changes in cardiac output and CVP in opposite directions are usually the result of a variation in cardiac function (central function). A: cardiac function improvement; B*: cardiac function worsening; C: venous return increase; D: venous return decrease. *In this particular scenario, an increase in extravascular pressure should be also considered (air trapping, intraabdominal hypertension, etc.). In these circumstances, transmural pressure and cardiac preload could be reduced.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M.I. Monge García, A. 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"apellidos" => "Jin" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Su" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Ling Gong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian city 116024, China" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Vasculocardiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2 of Street 5, Guta District, Jinzhou city 121000, China" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Technology Center of Liaoning MEDI Biological Company, No. 166 of Xianghuai Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Benxi city 117004, China" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Reducción del inhibidor de la fibrinólisis activado por trombina y aumento de las citocinas proinflamatorias en pacientes son síndrome coronario agudo" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2809 "Ancho" => 2588 "Tamanyo" => 267036 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in healthy controls. The serum concentration of TAFI had a strong negative correlation with the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PCT and CRP.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Coronary heart diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term representing the main clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic progression in the coronary plaque.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In the pathological process of ACS, thrombosis plays a critical role. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque exposes flowing blood to subendothelial collagen, tissue factor, and other procoagulant substances that trigger the activation of platelets and the formation of fibrin within the local vessel lumen. Endothelial damage, inflammation and coagulation are closely related to the patho-physiology of acute coronary syndrome and might be inter-related.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a zymogen that links coagulation and fibrinolysis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> When activated, it potently inhibits fibrinolysis through the removal of the carboxy-terminal lysine and arginine residues from partially degraded fibrin polymers. In addition, TAFI has a suppressive effect on conversion of inactive plasminogen to plasmin.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Since impaired fibrinolysis is a well established risk factor for cardiovascular events, detecting TAFI concentration in ACS patients may be helpful to the risk assessment of this life threatening disease. However, the results of current investigation are paradoxical. Some studies showed a trend for increased TAFI level in coronary artery disease, while others found decreased level of TAFI in these patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5–7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inflammation plays an important role in the onset and development of atherosclerosis which is the underlying cause of ACS.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Coagulation and inflammation are closely inter-related processes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines promote blood coagulation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Inflammation leads to activation of coagulation, and activated coagulation considerably affects inflammatory activities. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators are capable of activating coagulation system and downregulating important physiological anticoagulant pathways.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since TAFI is a connector of blood coagulation and inflammation, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that TAFI might be an indicator which comprehensively reflexes coagulation and inflammation status, and maybe it is possible to use TAFI as a risk factor to ACS patients. Thus, the present study was designed to test and verify this hypothesis.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Subjects and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Study design</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed a case–control study with prospective inclusion of the participants. Cases were consecutively recruited 211 patients with acute coronary syndrome, admitted to the Cardiovascular Department of Jinzhou Medical University between September 2014 and August 2015. No patient died during hospitalization, and all patients finished the study. Control subjects were normal volunteer subjects, recommended by Medical Examination Center of the hospital, and had no previous history of thromboembolic disease and were matched to the patients in age and sex. All subjects in this study were given informed consent according to a protocol approved by the local ethics committee.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Inclusion criteria</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with ACS enrolled in this experiment included acute myocardial infarction (AMI, total of 153 patients) and unstable angina (UA, total of 58 patients). AMI was defined according to the universal definitions of MI though characteristic symptoms and ECG changes, as well as cardiac marker elevation. The elevation of cardiac biomarker included that CK-MB fraction level increased at least twice the upper limit of normal or the level of troponin I or T increased above the cut-off level for MI. Unstable angina was diagnosed through symptoms and ECG changes complied with ACS, and cardiac marker levels in UA patients were lower than cut-off or normal levels. The standard for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) diagnosis included evidence of AMI as above mentioned, and ST-segment elevation and/or new left bundle branch block on the initial ECG. The classification of Non-STEMI (NSTEMI) patients included those with ischemic symptoms, ST-segment depression or T-wave abnormalities in the absence of ST elevation on the initial ECG.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,12</span></a> All patients underwent coronary angiography and only those whose coronary artery occlusion area exceeded 50% were included.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Blood samples and procedures</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All venous blood samples were taken in about six o’clock in the morning after an overnight fast. The blood collection of patients was within twenty-four hours after admission. The blood samples were taken from the femoral vein into 0.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M trisodium citrate, and kept on ice and centrifuged within one hour at 2500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g for 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min at 6°<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C. Plasma samples were stored at −80°<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C until analysis.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Laboratory assays</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analysis was done blinded to the case identity. The samples were assayed by corresponding kits. TAFI, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) kits were from Liaoning MEDI Biotechnological Company (Benxi, China). TAFI level was assayed by immunoturbidimetry kit; PCT and CRP levels were determined by gold-immunochromatographic assay. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Jingmei Biological Technology Company, Jiangsu, China). For immunoturbidimetry assay, automatic biochemical analyzer (Beckman Coulter, USA) was applied. For ELISA assay, microplate reader (Biotek ELx808, USA) was used. For gold-immunochromatographic assay, Colloidal Gold Immunoassay Analyzer was used (HY Triage, Taizhou, China). The coefficient of variations for all kits were less than 15%. All operations were carried out in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Statistical analyses</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All descriptive data were shown as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation. Statistical analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 19. The data were analyzed by an ANOVA. We used the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test for independent samples to assess the differences between two groups. Pearson's correlation was used to calculate correlations between TAFI and plasma cytokine levels. Multivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify the independent risk factors associated with ACS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of TAFI for ACS and determine the best cut-off value of TAFI. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Basic clinical characteristics of patients</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study population consisted of 211 ACS patients and 211 controls. Basic clinical characters of patients and controls were showed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. Patients with ACS were subdivided into STEMI, NSTEMI and UA. There was no significant difference in age, gender, history of hypertension, diabetes or tobacco use between ACS patients and healthy controls. Further analysis of the clinical classification of ACS patients showed no remarkable difference in lipid, lipoprotein fractions and fasting glucose among patients with STEMI, NSTEMI, UA and healthy controls.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Plasma level of TAFI decreased, while pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase reactive protein level increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As an initial attempt to explore whether TAFI could be used as a possible risk factor to ACS, we detected the variety of TAFI and inflammation status in ACS patients. The results were shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>. TAFI level in ACS patients was significantly lower than in controls. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased when compared with that in controls. PCT and CRP levels in ACS patients were also notably higher than in controls. Collectively, these data suggest that the serum level of TAFI changes in opposite direction against pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in ACS patients.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Serum TAFI level showed strong negative correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein levels in ACS patients</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To explore the relationship of TAFI and inflammatory parameters in ACS, we evaluated the correlation between serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in patients with ACS. A significant negative correlation was found between TAFI and IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PCT and CRP in acute coronary patients (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). This discovery strongly implies a negative relationship exists between TAFI and inflammation parameters.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Serum TAFI level negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein levels in healthy controls</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As a strong negative correlation existed between TAFI and inflammatory parameters in ACS patients, we further analyzed the relationship of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in healthy controls. Just as expected, we found that TAFI level in healthy controls was also negatively correlated with the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PCT and CRP. Combined with the correlation analysis results in ACS patients, we speculated that maybe there exists an intrinsic regulation among serum TAFI concentration and IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PCT and CRP levels (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Serum TAFI level for ACS risk assessment</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To further investigate the association between serum TAFI and ACS, multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>). Only those parameters that were significantly differentiated between ACS and controls were considered as impacting factors. The results showed that after adjusting for IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PCT and CRP, decreased TAFI was still significantly associated with an increased risk of ACS (OR, 9.459; 95% CI, 2.306–38.793; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.002). Additionally, increased IL-1β (OR, 67.918; 95% CI, 4.072–1132.738; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.003), TNF-α (OR, 46.437; 95% CI, 5.835–369.532; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001) and CRP (OR, 5.038; 95% CI, 2.629–9.657; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001) were also risk factors of ACS.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Specificity and sensitivity of serum TAFI on predicting ACS</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since TAFI is the center among the parameters in this study, we put special emphasis on analyzing its role in ACS risk assessment. In order to calculate cut-off point of TAFI, ROC analysis was performed. The ROC curve analysis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>) showed that the area under the curve of TAFI for predicting ACS was 0.872 (95% CI, 0.787–0.909; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001). The optimum cut-off point of TAFI was under 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μg/mL, with sensitivity of 75.83% and specificity of 72.57%.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Discussion</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In present study, we demonstrated that plasma TAFI level decreases, while the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins increase in patients with ACS. There exists a strong negative correlation between TAFI level and IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PCT and CRP concentration. After adjusting for pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased TAFI is still associated with an increased risk of ACS. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation on the correlation between TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and exploring TAFI as a possible independent risk factor to ACS patients.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">TAFI, a carboxypeptidase B (CPB)-like zymogen, activated by thrombin during coagulation, is synthesized by liver and released into circulating plasma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Thrombin cleaves TAFI into activation peptide and catalytic domain, the latter leads to decreased plasmin formation and enhanced stabilization of the clot.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> It seems that the elevated level of TAFI zymogen is associated with coronary heart disease. However, according to the course of TAFI activation, it is more likely that the active form of TAFI instead of TAFI zymogen, is responsible for clot stabilization effect. In fact, the reported serum levels of TAFI were ambiguous in coronary heart disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,6</span></a> The reasons for the difference of TAFI levels among researchers might can be explained as different cardiovascular disease stages<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> or different assays or different antibody reactivity toward different TAFI isoforms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In present study, we found decreased serum TAFI level in ACS patients. Although definite evidence concerning the mechanisms of plasma TAFI decline is not available, it seems rational to partially explain the decrease as huge consumption of TAFI in the acute stage of ACS. This explanation gets support from a recent report, in which the continuously decreased serum TAFI concentration was shown to be closely associated with extensive TAFI activation, more severe initial stroke, and unfavorable stroke evolution in subacute phase and poor long-term stroke outcome.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Genotyping analysis of TAFI promoter and 3′-untranslated regions showed polymorphisms, which might contribute to decreased serum TAFI level.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The 2 main polymorphisms that closely associated with TAFI concentration are 1542C and Thr147 in the 3′-untranslated region. The carriers of these two alleles had higher serum TAFI levels.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> The GG genotype of the C<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1542G polymorphism, the TT (Ile/Ile) genotype of the Thr325Ile polymorphism and the GG (Ala/Ala) genotype of the Ala147Thr polymorphism are associated with lower TAFI Ag and TAFI activity levels.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> We do not conduct TAFI polymorphism detection in present research, thus it is difficult for us to rule out the genetic impact on TAFI level. However, there is no report concerning significant difference of genotype distribution between case and control. Maybe it is justified to assume the influence of genetic factor on plasma TAFI level between case and control is ignorable in present research.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A recent research showed that TAFI expression can also be regulated by inflammatory mediators. Cultured HepG2 cells treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines of IL-6, TNFα and IL-1β, reduce TAFI production by half. In contrast, when treated with anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, HepG2 cells double TAFI expression. The mechanism for this modulation concerns binding of tristetraprolin to TAFI 3′-UTR, mediating TAFI mRNA destabilization.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> In present study, we found the increase of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in ACS patients. Maybe it is rational to partially attribute the decrease of plasma TAFI concentration to the inhibition effect of high level pro-inflammatory cytokines on TAFI expression in ACS patients.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Activated TAFI has a broad range of anti-inflammatory activities. It inactivates the activated inflammatory mediators, including complement elements of C5a and C3a, osteopontin and bradykinin.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Inflammation in vascular wall is crucial to the development of atherosclerosis, and is responsible for several adverse vascular events, such as coronary artery disease and stroke. The expression of endothelial pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules greatly accelerates atherosclerotic lesion formation in animal atherosclerosis model.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-a, act as mediators of innate and adaptive immunity in the formation and progression of atherosclerosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In the progression of atherosclerosis plaque, macrophage cells accumulate in arterial intima and adventitia, releasing vasoactive factors and inflammatory cytokines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Thus it can be inferred that decreased plasma TAFI weakens its inhibition effect on vascular wall inflammation in ACS patients. The negative correlation between serum TAFI and IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PCT and CRP levels strongly suggests the existence of an intrinsic regulation network. However, the precise mechanisms for this regulation are still unclear.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main limitation for present study is the absence of follow-up. This limitation weakens the predictive capacity of TAFI in relation to cardiovascular risk. The second limitation is that this observation is based on a small number of patients and controls, so it is difficult to completely avoid the impact of individual difference of TAFI level between case and control.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary, this study found that plasma level of TAFI decreases, while the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PCT and CRP increase in acute stage ACS patients. TAFI concentration is negatively correlated with IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PCT and CRP. TAFI might be a prospective biomarker for the risk assessment of acute coronary syndrome.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Note:</span> The first and corresponding author Hongbo Pang is now working in College of Chemistry and Life Science, Shenyang Normal University (No. 253 Huanghebei Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, China).</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Ethical disclosures</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All subjects in this study were given informed consents according to a protocol approved by the local ethics committee. The contents of the consent included the aim of this research, the obligation and right of participants, the procedure of this research, and risk factors of this research.</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Authors contribution</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hongbo Pang designed the study and wrote manuscript. Chuanhai Zhang performed collection of subjects and clinical work. Feng Liu performed the assay of all index. Xiaoli Gong conducted determination of TAFI and data analysis. Xuehua Jin conducted determination of cytokines. Chunyang Su performed cytokine assays.</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:14 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres933239" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec907596" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres933238" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec907595" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Subjects and methods" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Study design" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Inclusion criteria" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Blood samples and procedures" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Laboratory assays" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Statistical analyses" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Basic clinical characteristics of patients" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Plasma level of TAFI decreased, while pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase reactive protein level increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Serum TAFI level showed strong negative correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein levels in ACS patients" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Serum TAFI level negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokine and acute phase protein levels in healthy controls" ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Serum TAFI level for ACS risk assessment" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Specificity and sensitivity of serum TAFI on predicting ACS" ] ] ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "Authors contribution" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0090" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 13 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-08-11" "fechaAceptado" => "2016-10-11" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec907596" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Acute coronary syndrome" 1 => "Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor" 2 => "Proinflammatory cytokine" 3 => "Acute phase protein" 4 => "Coronary disease" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec907595" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Síndrome coronario agudo" 1 => "Inhibidor de la fibrinólisis activado por trombina" 2 => "Citocina proinflamatoria" 3 => "Proteína de la fase aguda" 4 => "Cardiopatía coronaria" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A study was made of the changes in the serum levels of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in the acute stage of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in order to explore the possibility of using TAFI as a biomarker for ACS risk assessment.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 211 patients with ACS were enrolled, and healthy subjects were used as controls. Blood samples were taken within 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after admission. Serum TAFI levels were determined by immunoturbidimetry. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gold-immunochromatographic assay</span>.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Serum TAFI levels in ACS patients were significantly decreased versus the controls. The IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PCT and CRP levels were markedly higher in the ACS patients than in the controls. Correlation analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between TAFI concentration and the IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-а, PCT and CRP levels in ACS patients and in controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested decreased serum TAFI to be an independent risk factor for ACS (OR 9.459; 95% CI 2.306–38.793; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.002). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for TAFI was 0.872 (95% CI 0.787–0.909; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001). The optimum TAFI cutoff point for the prediction of ACS was 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μg/ml, with a sensitivity of 75.83% and a specificity of 72.57%.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">These findings suggest that TAFI can be useful as a potential biomarker for ACS risk assessment.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Esta investigación se ha diseñado para analizar el cambio en las concentraciones séricas del inhibidor de la fibrinólisis activado por trombina (TAFI), las citocinas proinflamatorias y las proteínas de la fase aguda en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) con el fin de explorar la posibilidad de utilizar TAFI como biomarcador para evaluar el riesgo de SCA.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyó un total de 211 pacientes diagnosticados de SCA y se seleccionó a voluntarios sanos como controles. Se extrajeron muestras de sangre de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h después de la admisión. La concentración sérica de TAFI se determinó mediante inmunoturbidimetría. Las concentraciones séricas de interleucina (IL)-1β, IL-6 y factor alfa de necrosis tumoral se determinaron mediante ensayo de inmunoabsorción enzimática. Las concentraciones de procalcitonina y de proteína C reactiva se evaluaron mediante ensayo inmunocromatográfico.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La concentración sérica de TAFI en los pacientes con SCA fue significativamente menor que en el grupo control. Las concentraciones de IL-1β, IL-6, factor alfa de necrosis tumoral, procalcitonina y proteína C reactiva fueron notablemente mayores en los pacientes con SCA que en el grupo control. Un análisis de correlación mostró que existía una sólida correlación negativa entre la concentración de TAFI y las concentraciones de IL-1β, IL-6, factor alfa de necrosis tumoral, procalcitonina y proteína C reactiva, tanto en los pacientes con SCA como en los del grupo control. El análisis de regresión logística multivariante evidenció que la disminución de la concentración sérica de TAFI constituía un factor de riesgo independiente de SCA (OR 9,459; IC 95% 2,306-38,793; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,002). El área bajo la curva de eficacia diagnóstica (curva ROC) del TAFI fue de 0,872 (IC 95% 0,787-0,909; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,001). El punto de corte óptimo del TAFI para la predicción del SCA fue de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μg/ml, con una sensibilidad del 75,83% y una especificidad del 72,57%.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estos hallazgos evidencian que el TAFI constituye un posible biomarcador del riesgo de SCA.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2552 "Ancho" => 2543 "Tamanyo" => 269719 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in patients with acute coronary syndrome. A significant negative correlation existed in acute coronary syndrome patients between the serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2809 "Ancho" => 2588 "Tamanyo" => 267036 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between serum level of TAFI and pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in healthy controls. The serum concentration of TAFI had a strong negative correlation with the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PCT and CRP.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1139 "Ancho" => 1472 "Tamanyo" => 93214 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Schematic of the ROC curve for ACS prediction by TAFI. The area under the ROC curve of TAFI for predicting ACS was 0.872 with sensitivity of 75.83% and specificity of 72.57%.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD. Data in STEMI, NSTEMI and UA are compared with controls respectively. TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglycerides; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; GLU, fasting glucose.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Characteristics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">STEMI (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NSTEMI (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">UA (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>58) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>211) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">62.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">63.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">61.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">62.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sex (male/female) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">78/52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">12/11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">28/30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">120/91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Hypertension, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">69 (53.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">13 (56.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">31 (53.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">112 (53.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">35 (26.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5 (21.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">12 (20.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">45 (21.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tobacco, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">37 (28.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6 (26.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16 (27.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">51 (24.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TC (mmol/L) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.91<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3.84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TG (mmol/L) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.66<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">LDL-C (mmol/L) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2.49<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HDL-C (mmol/L) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1.18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">GLU (mmol/L) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5.14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5.23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5.21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5.17<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1577173.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical characteristics of patients.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data are presented as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">STEMI (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>130) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NSTEMI (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">UA (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>58) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>211) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAFI (μg/mL) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.64 <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0026 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21.45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.63<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22.12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.42<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0012 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26.84<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IL-1β (pg/mL) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.94<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0031 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.73<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0034 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.53<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0036 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IL-6 (pg/mL) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">104.72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12.75<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">99.32<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10.34<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0034 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">101.43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11.43<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">82.14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TNF-α (pg/mL) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.76<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.28<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.13<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.24<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0016 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PCT (ng/mL) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.78<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.15 <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.79<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.14<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.16<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.44<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CRP (μg/mL) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.98<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.21<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16.87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.87<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17.23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.93<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">**</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1577172.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "**" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.01. Plasma levels of TAFI, pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in ACS patients compared with that in controls.</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">ACS, acute coronary syndrome; TAFI, thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukn-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; PCT, procalcitonin; CRP, C-reactive protein.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Plasma levels of TAFI, pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in ACS patients and controls.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">TAFI, thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; PCT, procalcitonin; CRP, C-reactive protein.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">B \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S.E \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Wals \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">df</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95% CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TAFI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.247 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.720 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.738 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.459 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.306–38.793 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IL-1β \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.218 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.436 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.632 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67.918 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.072–1132.738 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IL-6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.028 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.159 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.031 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.028 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.753–1.403 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.861 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TNF-α \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.838 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.058 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.154 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46.437 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.835–369.532 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.398 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.664 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.706 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1631.991 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.025–1.080 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.191 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CRP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.617 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.332 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23.739 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.039 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.629–9.657 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1577174.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multivariate logistic regression analysis of ACS risk factors.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:24 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pathology of coronary atherosclerosis and thrombosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "F. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 3 | 7 | 10 |
| 2024 October | 64 | 40 | 104 |
| 2024 September | 63 | 28 | 91 |
| 2024 August | 83 | 39 | 122 |
| 2024 July | 52 | 23 | 75 |
| 2024 June | 51 | 56 | 107 |
| 2024 May | 45 | 32 | 77 |
| 2024 April | 44 | 39 | 83 |
| 2024 March | 38 | 26 | 64 |
| 2024 February | 34 | 38 | 72 |
| 2024 January | 32 | 27 | 59 |
| 2023 December | 25 | 35 | 60 |
| 2023 November | 33 | 45 | 78 |
| 2023 October | 42 | 24 | 66 |
| 2023 September | 30 | 41 | 71 |
| 2023 August | 28 | 24 | 52 |
| 2023 July | 33 | 27 | 60 |
| 2023 June | 34 | 20 | 54 |
| 2023 May | 40 | 29 | 69 |
| 2023 April | 33 | 25 | 58 |
| 2023 March | 64 | 32 | 96 |
| 2023 February | 39 | 31 | 70 |
| 2023 January | 25 | 23 | 48 |
| 2022 December | 69 | 42 | 111 |
| 2022 November | 62 | 43 | 105 |
| 2022 October | 60 | 54 | 114 |
| 2022 September | 42 | 47 | 89 |
| 2022 August | 46 | 43 | 89 |
| 2022 July | 36 | 48 | 84 |
| 2022 June | 29 | 37 | 66 |
| 2022 May | 43 | 40 | 83 |
| 2022 April | 28 | 36 | 64 |
| 2022 March | 43 | 65 | 108 |
| 2022 February | 32 | 38 | 70 |
| 2022 January | 38 | 47 | 85 |
| 2021 December | 42 | 52 | 94 |
| 2021 November | 37 | 28 | 65 |
| 2021 October | 60 | 86 | 146 |
| 2021 September | 33 | 38 | 71 |
| 2021 August | 24 | 37 | 61 |
| 2021 July | 31 | 28 | 59 |
| 2021 June | 36 | 18 | 54 |
| 2021 May | 57 | 48 | 105 |
| 2021 April | 144 | 84 | 228 |
| 2021 March | 109 | 30 | 139 |
| 2021 February | 95 | 32 | 127 |
| 2021 January | 88 | 32 | 120 |
| 2020 December | 62 | 10 | 72 |
| 2020 November | 50 | 25 | 75 |
| 2020 October | 57 | 30 | 87 |
| 2020 September | 92 | 23 | 115 |
| 2020 August | 25 | 15 | 40 |
| 2020 July | 35 | 21 | 56 |
| 2020 June | 22 | 23 | 45 |
| 2020 May | 60 | 13 | 73 |
| 2020 April | 55 | 15 | 70 |
| 2020 March | 34 | 17 | 51 |
| 2020 February | 92 | 37 | 129 |
| 2020 January | 52 | 24 | 76 |
| 2019 December | 56 | 26 | 82 |
| 2019 November | 45 | 27 | 72 |
| 2019 October | 50 | 18 | 68 |
| 2019 September | 37 | 24 | 61 |
| 2019 August | 33 | 21 | 54 |
| 2019 July | 20 | 27 | 47 |
| 2019 June | 33 | 13 | 46 |
| 2019 May | 39 | 38 | 77 |
| 2019 April | 12 | 13 | 25 |
| 2019 March | 19 | 23 | 42 |
| 2019 February | 25 | 29 | 54 |
| 2019 January | 26 | 32 | 58 |
| 2018 December | 36 | 54 | 90 |
| 2018 November | 130 | 46 | 176 |
| 2018 October | 210 | 21 | 231 |
| 2018 September | 40 | 10 | 50 |
| 2018 August | 22 | 9 | 31 |
| 2018 July | 57 | 11 | 68 |
| 2018 June | 50 | 12 | 62 |
| 2018 May | 49 | 7 | 56 |
| 2018 April | 33 | 12 | 45 |
| 2018 March | 20 | 6 | 26 |
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