Original
Respiratory muscle strength and state of consciousness values measured prior to the decanulation in different levels of complexity. A longitudinal prospective case series study
Valores de fuerza muscular respiratoria y estado de conciencia medido previo a la decanulación en diferentes niveles de complejidad. Estudio de serie de casos longitudinal y prospectiva
L.P. Diaz-Ballvea,
, D.S. Villalbab, M.F. Andreuc, M.A. Escobard, G. Morel-Vulliezd, J.M. Lebusd,e, E.S. Rositid,f
Corresponding author
a Gabiente de Producción de Información Hospitalaria (GAPIH), Coordinación de Docencia e Investigación, Hospital Nacional Prof. Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
b Coordinación de Docencia e Investigación, Clínica Basilea, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
c Servicio de Kinesiología, Hospital Donación Francisco Santojanni, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
d Servicio de Kinesiología Respiratoria, Centro del Parque, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
e Servicio de Kinesiología, Clínica de La Sagrada Familia, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
f Unidad de Kinesiología, H.I.G.A: Petrona V. de Cordero, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Participant researchers and their research centers, Researchers and their respective centers , Díaz-Ballve Ladislaoaa, Turón Gonzaloaa, Villalba Daríobb, Escobar Miguelcc, Morel-Vulliez Gastóncc, Rositi Emiliocc, Gussoni Marianacc, Lebus Janinadd, Falduti Alejandraee, Tenasczuk Karinaff, Reinoso Mayragg, Quijano Agustinahh, Bustamante Paolahh, Di Pierro Mercedesii, Santini Marcelajj, Borello Silvinakk, Aguirre Marianakk, Gracia Guadalupell, Setten Marianomm..., Di-Nardo Soledadnn, Navarro Emilianooo, Ruggeri Federicopp, Camargo Marcelqq, Franco Leandroqq, Funes Juanqq, García Lucianoqq, Sosa Adrianaqq, Uberti Marianorr, Mogadouro Marielass, Rapetti Leticiatt, Baqueiro Ayelenuu, Garzón Gustavovv, Cervantes Violetaww, Revelli Rosanaxx, Moreno Martínyy, Hassan Ana Paulazz, Busico Marinaab, Luponio Marceloac, Gelabert Deborahad, González Luisae, Rojas Vanesaaf, Kaspar Guillerminaag, Veronesi Magdalenaah, Verduguez Martaai, Seguil Yaninaaj, Terán EduardoakVer más
aa Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
bb Clínica Basilea, CABA, Argentina
cc Centro Parque, CABA, Argentina
dd Clínica La Sagrada Familia, CABA, Argentina
ee Hospital Juan A. Fernández, CABA, Argentina
ff Alta Complejidad en Red, Hospital El Cruce, Dr. Néstor C. Kirchner, Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, Argentina
gg Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
hh Clínica de Internación Aguda en Rehabilitación y Cirugía [CIAREC], CABA, Argentina
ii Hospital Regional Dr. Ramón Carrillo, Ciudad de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
jj Clínica Pasteur, Ciudad de Neuquén, Neuquén, Argentina
kk Hospital Donación Francisco Santojanni, CABA, Argentina
ll Sanatorio Colegiales, CABA, Argentina
mm Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas «Norberto Quirno» [CEMIC], CABA, Argentina
nn Clínica Santa Isabel, CABA, Argentina
oo Hospital Carlos G. Durand, CABA, Argentina
pp Hospital Escuela José de San Martín, Cdad. de Corrientes Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina
qq Hospital San Luis, Ciudad de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
rr Clínica San Agustín, Ciudad de Neuquén, Neuquén, Argentina
ss Sanatorio de La Trinidad Palermo, CABA, Argentina
tt Hospital Universitario UAI, CABA, Argentina
uu Hospital Regional Artémides Zatti, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
vv Sanatorio Nuestra Señora del Rosario, San salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
ww Hospital María Ferrer, CABA, Argentina
xx Hospital Privado Universitario, Cdad. de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
yy Hospital Regional, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina
zz Hospital Zonal, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
ab Clínica Olivos – SMG, Olivos, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
ac Hospital Julio C. Perrando, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
ad Hospital Óscar Alende, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
ae Clínica ALCLA, CABA, Argentina
af HIGA Petrona Villegas de Cordero, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina
ag Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo A. Lanari, CABA, Argentina
ah Clínica Altergarten, CABA, Argentina
ai Hospital Simplemente Evita, González Catán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
aj Hospital Municipal de Trauma y Emergencias Dr. Federico Abete. Malvinas Argentinas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
ak Hospital Central, Ciudad de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
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Ruggeri Federico, Camargo Marcel, Franco Leandro, Funes Juan, García Luciano, Sosa Adriana, Uberti Mariano, Mogadouro Mariela, Rapetti Leticia, Baqueiro Ayelen, Garzón Gustavo, Cervantes Violeta, Revelli Rosana, Moreno Martín, Hassan Ana Paula, Busico Marina, Luponio Marcelo, Gelabert Deborah, González Luis, Rojas Vanesa, Kaspar Guillermina, Veronesi Magdalena, Verduguez Marta, Seguil Yanina, Terán Eduardo" "autores" => array:47 [ 0 => array:1 [ "colaborador" => "Participant researchers and their research centers, Researchers and their respective centers" ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Díaz-Ballve" "apellidos" => "Ladislao" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">aa</span>" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Turón" "apellidos" => "Gonzalo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">aa</span>" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Villalba" 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class="elsevierStyleSup">ah</span>" "identificador" => "aff0195" ] ] ] 44 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Verduguez" "apellidos" => "Marta" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">ai</span>" "identificador" => "aff0200" ] ] ] 45 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Seguil" "apellidos" => "Yanina" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">aj</span>" "identificador" => "aff0205" ] ] ] 46 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Terán" "apellidos" => "Eduardo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">ak</span>" "identificador" => "aff0210" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:36 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "aa" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clínica Basilea, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "bb" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro Parque, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "cc" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clínica La Sagrada Familia, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "dd" "identificador" => "aff0050" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Juan A. Fernández, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ee" "identificador" => "aff0055" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Alta Complejidad en Red, Hospital El Cruce, Dr. Néstor C. Kirchner, Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ff" "identificador" => "aff0060" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "gg" "identificador" => "aff0065" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clínica de Internación Aguda en Rehabilitación y Cirugía [CIAREC], CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "hh" "identificador" => "aff0070" ] 8 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Regional Dr. Ramón Carrillo, Ciudad de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ii" "identificador" => "aff0075" ] 9 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clínica Pasteur, Ciudad de Neuquén, Neuquén, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "jj" "identificador" => "aff0080" ] 10 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Donación Francisco Santojanni, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "kk" "identificador" => "aff0085" ] 11 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sanatorio Colegiales, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ll" "identificador" => "aff0090" ] 12 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas «Norberto Quirno» [CEMIC], CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "mm" "identificador" => "aff0095" ] 13 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clínica Santa Isabel, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "nn" "identificador" => "aff0100" ] 14 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Carlos G. Durand, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "oo" "identificador" => "aff0105" ] 15 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Escuela José de San Martín, Cdad. de Corrientes Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "pp" "identificador" => "aff0110" ] 16 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital San Luis, Ciudad de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "qq" "identificador" => "aff0115" ] 17 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clínica San Agustín, Ciudad de Neuquén, Neuquén, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "rr" "identificador" => "aff0120" ] 18 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sanatorio de La Trinidad Palermo, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ss" "identificador" => "aff0125" ] 19 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Universitario UAI, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "tt" "identificador" => "aff0130" ] 20 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Regional Artémides Zatti, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "uu" "identificador" => "aff0135" ] 21 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sanatorio Nuestra Señora del Rosario, San salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "vv" "identificador" => "aff0140" ] 22 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital María Ferrer, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ww" "identificador" => "aff0145" ] 23 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Privado Universitario, Cdad. de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "xx" "identificador" => "aff0150" ] 24 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Regional, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "yy" "identificador" => "aff0155" ] 25 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Zonal, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "zz" "identificador" => "aff0160" ] 26 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clínica Olivos – SMG, Olivos, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ab" "identificador" => "aff0165" ] 27 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Julio C. Perrando, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ac" "identificador" => "aff0170" ] 28 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Óscar Alende, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ad" "identificador" => "aff0175" ] 29 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clínica ALCLA, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ae" "identificador" => "aff0180" ] 30 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "HIGA Petrona Villegas de Cordero, San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "af" "identificador" => "aff0185" ] 31 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo A. Lanari, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ag" "identificador" => "aff0190" ] 32 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clínica Altergarten, CABA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ah" "identificador" => "aff0195" ] 33 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Simplemente Evita, González Catán, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ai" "identificador" => "aff0200" ] 34 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Municipal de Trauma y Emergencias Dr. Federico Abete. Malvinas Argentinas, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "aj" "identificador" => "aff0205" ] 35 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Central, Ciudad de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "ak" "identificador" => "aff0210" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Valores de fuerza muscular respiratoria y estado de conciencia medido previo a la decanulación en diferentes niveles de complejidad. Estudio de serie de casos longitudinal y prospectiva" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1734 "Ancho" => 2171 "Tamanyo" => 102145 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Box plot representing the values of maximum expiratory pressure based on the decannulation setting. The line shows the cut-off value of 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O. We can see how this value is reached in different percentages in the different settings: by 9.7% of the patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit, 5.6% of the patients hospitalized in the general ward, and by 13.0% of the patients hospitalized in the mechanical ventilation weaning and rehabilitation center (MVWRC).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The decision to remove the tracheostomy cannula or the decannulation procedure is influenced by multiple factors. Since it is a complex procedure, it is usually guided by algorithms or protocols that may vary from one center to the next and that establish the criteria to be followed to move ahead with the decannulation procedure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–7</span></a> Although it is true that not all centers develop decannulation protocols, decannulation failure is a rare event and according to the percentages published in the medical literature it is between 0% and 6%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8–12</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The criteria that we usually find in most protocols have to do with the capacity to protect the airway with an effective cough, the proper passage of air through the airway, and a proper swallowing function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13–15</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The protection of the airway is assessed through the state of consciousness and the capacity to cough.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The state of consciousness is usually recommended as a variable to take into account when making the decision to decannulate a patient. However, there is no consensus on how to assess it and what the minimum state is to be able to predict successful decannulations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,13,14</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When it comes to the capacity to produce cough, the main indicators that are usually evaluated in the process of decannulation are the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and the maximum espiratory pressure (MEP). The relevant clinical values for these predictors are usually cause for controversy since different authors speak of different values.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13,14</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another relevant factor is the heterogeneity of the settings where tracheostomized patients can be hospitalized such as intensive care units (ICU), general wards (GW), and mechanical ventilation weaning and rehabilitation centers (MVWRC). In these settings, the process of decannulation is usually started and, at times, completed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Although, in these proposed settings, we find different populations and the complexity of healthcare provided is different, the decannulation criteria followed are usually similar or even identical.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16–18</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To this date there are no studies describing the relevant clinical variables in different settings where the tracheostomized patient has been hospitalized. That is why we wish to describe the different variables associated with the capacity to produce an effective cough and the state of consciousness frequently used in the process of decannulation and compare the values measured at different healthcare settings such as the ICU, the GW and the MVWRC. Also, we wish to study the progression of patients following decannulation.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One multicenter study designed as a series of longitudinal prospective cases was conducted including 31 polyvalent ICUs and 5 MVWRCs in Argentina from June 1, 2004 to January 31, 2015.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prior to recruitment, each center obtained the approvals from each center's teaching and research committee and ethics committee.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample was defined by the following eligibility criteria:</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inclusion criteria</span>: patients over 18 years old tracheostomized during their stay at an ICU or GW and who were already tracheostomized by the time they were admitted to the MVWRCs. Also, they should not be on mechanical ventilation and they should be eligible for decannulation (patients with a decision to decannulate by the treating team).</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Exclusion criteria</span>: patients who had never been decannulated. Decannulated patients whose data came from centers that do not make MEP and PEFR assessments using the technique recommended by this study.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Elimination criteria</span>: data missing from the three variables of the main outcome. In the case of data missing from one or two variables of the main outcome (GCS, PEFR or MEP), the patient was only excluded for the analysis of the variable with the missing data.</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Study variables</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Predictive variables</span>: age, sex, Charlson score at admission, associated prior medical history, reason for ICU admission, type of procedure to perform the tracheostomy (percutaneous or surgical).</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients were followed up to 30 days after decannulation and there were variables during the patient's progression such as lack of decannulation (recannulation within 7 days from decannulation for whatever reason), days on tracheostomy (ever since the tracheostomy was performed and up until the patient was decannulated), total stay (from ICU and/or MVWRC admission and up to meeting one criterion for study completion such as discharge, referral to other centers, or termination of follow-up 30 days after decannulation and 30-day mortality rate).</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Independent variables</span>: decannulation setting (ICU, GW, or MVWRC).</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Outcome variables</span>: state of consciousness measured using the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), and cough capacity measured using the PEFR and the MEP.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Procedures</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients were categorized into different levels of healthcare and depending on the healthcare setting where decannulation actually happened. Three levels were found here: patients decannulated at the ICU, GW, and MVWRC settings.</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given this is an observational pragmatic study, the typical protocols used by the centers for measuring purposes were not asked to change. However, centers were actually urged to describe the methods used to measure the PEFR, the MEP, and the GCS.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to make homogeneous and comparable measurements, only patients from centers that had already measured the outcome variables following the procedures described in the <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0055">Annex 1 (supplementary data associated with this article can be found in the online version)</a> were taken into consideration.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Categorical variables are expressed as absolute count and percentage. The variables measured using the discrete or continuous numerical scales are expressed as measures of the main trend and dispersion based on the distribution found.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to test the goodness-of-it (GOF). The equality of variances was established using Levenne statistical test.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To study the comparisons among the different levels of healthcare, the chi-squared test for nominal variable comparison and the Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variable comparison among the different levels of healthcare provided were used. In order to identify pairs with significant differences, one <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> analysis using Dunn–Bonferroni's test was used to draw pairwise multiple comparisons for continuous variables. On the other hand, the proportion difference test was used for the categorical variables.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, patients were categorized based on whether or not they had met the proposed cut-off criterion (GCS, 8 points; PEFR, 160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L/m; MEP, 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O) and the distribution of the progression variables was compared using the Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for nominal variables.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistical package for Windows Version 22.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> values<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05 were considered significant values.</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Results</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two hundred and seven (207) patients from 36 research centers were studied. Of these, 31 came from ICUs or GWs and 5 from MVWRCs (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0055">Annex 1</a>). <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a> shows the flow of patients during the study.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristics of the sample and every independent group are shown on <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statistically significant differences were seen in the PEFR and the GCS among the different healthcare settings (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.028 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01, respectively) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the progression variables, significant differences were seen in the days wearing the tracheostomy cannula.</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the progression variables, significant differences were found in the days wearing the tracheostomy cannula (ICU, Mn 26 days; GW, Mn 30 days; MVWRC, Mn 56 days, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01), the hospital stay (days) (ICU, Mn 53 days; GW, Mn 57 days; MVWRC, Mn 129.5 days, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01) and the number of patients who were discharged to their homes (ICU, 81 patients [38.9%]; GW, 24 patients [11.5%]; MVWRC, 10 patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,8</span></a>; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.02). No differences were seen in the number of patients in whom decannulation failed or in the 30-day mortality either.</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> shows the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> comparisons among the different healthcare settings.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a> shows the comparison of the progression variables by categorizing patients into different groups based on whether or not they had met the cut-off criteria for PEFR and MEP. The GCS variable was not analyzed since no patient was decannulated below the cut-off point established. Also, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a> shows a graphic representation of the GCS mean with its corresponding minimum and maximum based on the hospitalization setting. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0015">Figs. 3 and 4</a> show the box plot of PEFR and MEP based on the hospitalization setting.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Discussion</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main finding was that the values of PEFR and MEP for several patients did not meet the cut-off point suggested by the medical literature (160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L/min and 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O, respectively). On the other hand, the cut-off point for the GCS reported by the medical literature was actually respected in all decannulations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,13,19–22</span></a> Also, it was significant to find that the GCS and PEFR values assessed prior to the decannulation procedure were significantly different based on the hospitalization setting where the decannulation occurred.</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contrary to what was observed with the PEFR, the MEP showed differences based on the decannulation setting, which may have to do with the procedure used to obtain both variables. While the measurement of the PEFR has to do with effort, for the measurement of the MEP, one unidirectional valve is used while the patient's voluntary effort is not needed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19–22</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The hospitalization setting that showed the lowest PEFR values of all was the ICU. This may be due to the fact that, at the ICU setting, patients are in the process of recovering from acute events and they usually show a highly prevalent condition such as ICU-acquired frailty with accompanied disorders such as peripheral muscle strength and respiratory strength.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23–25</span></a></p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For evaluation purposes, all study researchers reported, one PEFR cut-off point of 160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L/min as suggested by Bach and Saporito.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Nevertheless, we saw that in all hospitalization settings, patients with values below the cut-off point were decannulated. Similarly, in a population of neurosurgical postoperative patients, Chan et al. defined PEFR values significantly lower than 29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L/min that still ended up leading to successful decannulation procedures.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> The difference between both studies is in the methodology used for the measurements. In Chan et al.’s study the possible air leakage around the cannula was not monitored which may have underestimated the actual PEFR value in these patients. Due to this procedural weakness, we chose as the reference value, the 160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L/m value suggested by Bach that, by the way, is widely accepted in the routine daily practice.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,13</span></a> Given all this and bearing in mind that the normal rate of decannulation failure is between 0% and 6%,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,8,9,12,26</span></a> we believe that the threshold PEFR value to consider it a predictor of successful decannulation should, therefore, be revisited.</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Other authors assessed the strength of coughing through the MEP exerted by respiratory muscles. Ceriana et al. prospectively assessed a MEP cut-off point<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>to 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O in a decannulation protocol.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Santus et al. suggest one qualiquantitative algorithm to weigh the capacity to cough assessed through the MEP and use the same threshold to define the pattern.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> In our study there were no differences in the MEP value with respect to decannulation rate among the different healthcare settings studied. This contradictory finding may be explained by what we’ve just explained above when it comes to the use of the unidirectional valve method to measure the MEP.</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The differences observed in the GCS between the GW compared to the ICU and the MVWRC suggest that in the GW setting lower GCS values are tolerated for decannulation purposes compared to the ICU. We believe that this observation may show different stages in the progression of a patient who has left his critical stage behind. One may argue that patients who leave the ICU for an inpatient hospital room already had failed decannulation attempts. This may condition a state of consciousness with lower scores when it is time to decannulate. Also, this may vary in tracheostomized patients who are referred to a MVWRC where the therapeutic goals and the hospital stays are different compared to the GW setting. Also, the patient is re-categorized as a chronically ill patient, which may result in more strict criteria for decannulation. This issue has not been discussed in any the references from the medical literature yet.</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study, the GCS at the moment of decannulation was not below the cut-off point chosen in any of the settings evaluated. This finding reinforces the claims made by several authors such as Stelfox et al. who gathered the opinion of experts on the management of tracheostomized patients being the state of consciousness one of the determinants for safe decannulation procedures.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Hernandez et al. found longer decannulation times in patients with GCS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 points<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>. In another study among neurosurgical patients, Chan et al. assessed the GCS prior to decannulation, and they associated it with successful decannulations. The authors conclude that although the GCS does not increase the risk of decannulation failure, there is a certain trend that suggests that patients who failed showed lower GCS (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.06).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> In sum, even though the observed or chosen values to define the state of consciousness vary from one author to the other, all of them take the GCS-defined state of consciousness into account when performing safe decannulation procedures.</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Progression variables in the series of patients decannulated showed the anticipated results. Mortality and decannulation failure were not significant among the different settings. This is consistent with what other authors claim about patients who have been successfully weaned and who are eligible for decannulation, that the result of the decannulation procedure is not influenced by the treating center.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Contrary to this claim there are studies that attribute higher mortality rates to decannulations performed in the general ward.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28,29</span></a></p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Both the hospital stays and the days to decannulation were significantly and numerically higher in the general ward compared to the MVWRC. This may be explained by the fact that these are usually referral settings that typically follow the ICU stay.</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, when comparing the patients’ progression based on whether they had been decannulated following the criteria proposed by the medical literature,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,8,13,27</span></a> we observed that those who did not meet these parameters had longer hospital stays, more decannulation days, and that a greater number of these patients were discharged from the hospital. However, this difference was not statistically significant among the different hospital settings.</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has some limitations that should be taken into consideration here. In the first place, there is no control group (decannulated patients) to make comparisons among the variables commonly used to guide decannulation and then be able to define the diagnostic criteria of the variables studied. Another limitation would be the variability of the devices used to measure the peak cough expiratory flow, since several centers lacked pneumotachographs to measure the peak flow and used mechanical sensors instead. On the other hand, the PEFR values may have been underestimated since peristomal leakage at the moment of the measurement was not monitored, unlike what happened with the MEP where the balloon was overinflated to take the measurements.</p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Yet despite the limitations exposed here we believe that this study is an important one because of the data presented that are used on a daily basis by high-ranking centers for the management of tracheostomized patients. Although decannulation may by influenced by a great number of variables, several authors agree that the strength of coughing and the state of consciousness are usually the most important variables when it comes to making decannulation decisions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,8,27</span></a></p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These findings should be assessed prospectively through controlled trials in order to establish efficacy criteria for the variables suggested. We believe that it is important to assess the safety of decannulation while taking into account that unnecessary long tracheostomy cannulation times may bring complications.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conclusion</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study we saw differences in the PEFR and GCS values among the different hospital settings that perform traqueostomy cannula removals. A significant number of patients were decannulated with PEFR and MEP values below the cut-off points suggested by the medical literature as predictors of decannulation failure. No patient in our series was decannulated with GCS below 8 points, indicative of how important the state of consciousness really is when making the decision to decannulate. The follow-up of this series shows the prolonged time of the presence of a tracheostomy cannula and that decannulation is associated with greater chances of being discharged from the hospital.</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Authors/collaborators</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ladislao Díaz Ballve participated in the study idea and design, data mining, and in the analysis and interpretation of data. Also, he conducted the paper draft or the critical review of the intellectual content and participated in the definitive approval of the final version.</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Darío Villalba participated in the study idea and design, data mining, and in the analysis and interpretation of data. Also, he conducted the paper draft or a critical review of the intellectual content and participated in the definitive approval of the final version.</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mauro Andreu participated in the study idea and design, data mining, and in the analysis and interpretation of data. Also, he conducted the paper draft or the critical review of the intellectual content and participated in the definitive approval of the final version.</p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Miguel Escobar participated in the study idea and design, data mining, and in the analysis and interpretation of data. Also, he conducted the critical review of the intellectual content and participated in the definitive approval of the final version.</p><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gastón Morel Vulliez participated in the study idea and design, data mining, and in the analysis and interpretation of data. Also, he conducted the critical review of the intellectual content and participated in the definitive approval of the final version.</p><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Janina Lebus participated in the study idea and design, data mining, and in the analysis and interpretation of data. Also, he conducted the critical review of the intellectual content and participated in the definitive approval of the final version.</p><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Emilio Rositi participated in the study idea and design, data mining, and in the analysis and interpretation of data. Also, he conducted the critical review of the intellectual content and participated in the definitive approval of the final version.</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest whatsoever.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1198445" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Design" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Scope" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Patients" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Measurements" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Results" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1116945" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1198444" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Diseño" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Ámbito" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0055" "titulo" => "Pacientes" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0060" "titulo" => "Mediciones" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0065" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0070" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1116944" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Study variables" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Procedures" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Authors/collaborators" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2017-12-20" "fechaAceptado" => "2018-02-25" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1116945" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Decannulation" 1 => "Level of consciousness" 2 => "Maximal expiratory pressure" 3 => "Cough peak expiratory flow" 4 => "Mortality" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1116944" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Decanulación" 1 => "Nivel de consciencia" 2 => "Presión espiratoria máxima" 3 => "Pico flujo espiratorio tosido" 4 => "Mortalidad" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To describe the variables related to effective cough capacity and the state of consciousness measured prior to decannulation and compare their measured values between the different areas of care such as the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), General ward and Mechanical Ventilation Weaning and Rehabilitation Centers (MVWRC). Secondarily analyze the evolution of patients once decannulated.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Design</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Case series, longitudinal and prospective.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Scope</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multicentric 31 ICUs (polyvalent) and 5 MVWRC.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Patients</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tracheostomized adults prior to decannulation.</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Measurements</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Maximum expiratory pressure, peak expiratory flow coughed (PEFC), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Results</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Two hundred and seven decannulated patients, 124 (60%) in ICU, 59 (28%) General ward and 24 (12%) in MVWRC. The PEFC presented differences between the patients (ICU 110–190<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>l/min <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> MVWRC 167.5–232.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>l/min, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01). The GCS was different between General ward (9–15) <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> ICU (10–15) and MVWRC (12–15); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01, respectively. There were differences in the days of hospitalization (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01), days with tracheostomy (<0.01) and the number of patients referred at home (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.02) between the different scenarios.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There are differences in the values of PEFC and GCS observed when decannulating between different areas. A considerable number of patients are decannulated with values of PEFC and maximum expiratory pressure below the suggested cut-off points as predictors of failure in the literature. No patient in our series was decanulated with an GCS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8, this reflects the importance that the treating team gives to the state of consciousness prior to decannulation.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Design" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Scope" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Patients" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Measurements" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Results" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Describir las variables relacionadas con la capacidad tusígena efectiva y el estado de la conciencia medidas previo a la decanulación y comparar sus valores medidos entre los diferentes ámbitos de atención como la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), sala general y centros de desvinculación de la ventilación mecánica y rehabilitación (CDVMR). Secundariamente analizar la evolución de los pacientes una vez decanulados.</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Diseño</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Serie de casos, longitudinal y prospectiva.</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Ámbito</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multicéntrico 31 UCI (polivalentes) y en 5 CDVMR.</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Pacientes</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Adultos traqueostomizados previos a la decanulación.</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Mediciones</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presión espiratoria máxima, pico flujo espiratorio tosido (PFET), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Doscientos siete pacientes decanulados, 124 (60%) en UCI, 59 (28%) en sala general y 24 (12%) en CDVMR. El PFET presentó diferencias entre los pacientes (UCI 110-190<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>l/min versus CDVMR 167,5-232,5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>l/min; p<0,01). El GCS fue diferente entre la sala general (9 -15) versus UCI (10-15) y CDVMR (12 - 15); p<0,01 y p<0,01, respectivamente. Hubo diferencias en los días de internación (p<0,01), los días con traqueostomía (<0,01) y la cantidad de pacientes derivados a domicilio (p=0,02) entre los distintos escenarios.</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Existen diferencias en los valores medidos de PFET y GCS entre los diferentes ámbitos. Una considerable cantidad de pacientes son decanulados con valores de PFET y presión espiratoria máxima por debajo de los puntos de corte sugeridos como predictores de falla en la literatura. Ningún paciente de nuestra serie fue decanulado con un SCG <8 puntos, esto refleja la importancia que le otorga el equipo tratante al estado de conciencia al momento de la decanulación.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Diseño" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Ámbito" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0055" "titulo" => "Pacientes" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0060" "titulo" => "Mediciones" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0065" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0070" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Please cite this article as: Diaz-Ballve LP, Villalba DS, Andreu MF, Escobar MA, Morel-Vulliez G, Lebus JM, et al. Valores de fuerza muscular respiratoria y estado de conciencia medido previo a la decanulación en diferentes niveles de complejidad. Estudio de serie de casos longitudinal y prospectiva. Med Intensiva. 2019;43:270–280.</p>" ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Researchers and their respective centers</p> <p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Díaz-Ballve Ladislao and Turón Gonzalo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires)</span>; Villalba Darío <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Clínica Basilea, CABA)</span>; Escobar Miguel, Morel-Vulliez Gastón, Rositi Emilio and Gussoni Mariana <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Centro Parque, CABA)</span>; Lebus Janina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Clínica La Sagrada Familia, CABA)</span>; Falduti Alejandra <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Juan A. Fernández, CABA)</span>; Tenasczuk Karina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Alta Complejidad en Red, Hospital El Cruce, Dr. Néstor C. Kirchner, Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires)</span>; Reinoso Mayra <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, CABA)</span>; Quijano Agustina and Bustamante Paola <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Clínica de Internación Aguda en Rehabilitación y Cirugía [CIAREC], CABA)</span>; Di Pierro Mercedes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Regional Dr. Ramón Carrillo, Ciudad de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero)</span>; Santini Marcela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Clínica Pasteur, Ciudad de Neuquén, Neuquén)</span>; Borello Silvina and Aguirre Mariana <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Donación Francisco Santojanni, CABA)</span>, Gracia Guadalupe <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Sanatorio Colegiales, CABA)</span>; Setten Mariano <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas «Norberto Quirno» [CEMIC], CABA)</span>; Di-Nardo Soledad <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Clínica Santa Isabel, CABA)</span>; Navarro Emiliano <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Carlos G. Durand, CABA)</span>; Ruggeri Federico <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Escuela José de San Martín, Cdad. de Corrientes Provincia de Corrientes)</span>; Camargo Marcel, Franco Leandro, Funes Juan, García Luciano and Sosa Adriana <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital San Luis, Ciudad de San Luis, San Luis)</span>; Uberti Mariano <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Clínica San Agustín, Ciudad de Neuquén, Neuquén)</span>; Mogadouro Mariela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Sanatorio de La Trinidad Palermo, CABA)</span>; Rapetti Leticia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Universitario UAI, CABA)</span>; Baqueiro Ayelen <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Regional Artémides Zatti, Viedma, Río Negro)</span>; Garzón Gustavo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Sanatorio Nuestra Señora del Rosario, San salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy)</span>; Cervantes Violeta <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital María Ferrer, CABA)</span>; Revelli Rosana <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Privado Universitario, Cdad. de Córdoba, Córdoba)</span>; Moreno Martín <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Regional, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut)</span>; Hassan Ana Paula <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Zonal, Esquel, Chubut)</span>; Busico Marina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Clínica Olivos - SMG, Olivos, Provincia de Buenos Aires)</span>; Luponio Marcelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Julio C. Perrando, Resistencia, Chaco)</span>; Gelabert Deborah <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Óscar Alende, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires)</span>; González Luis <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Clínica ALCLA, CABA)</span>; Rojas Vanesa <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(HIGA Petrona Villegas de Cordero, San Fernando, Buenos Aires)</span>; Kaspar Guillermina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo A. Lanari, CABA)</span>; Veronesi Magdalena <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Clínica Altergarten, CABA)</span>; Verduguez Marta <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Simplemente Evita, González Catán, Buenos Aires)</span>; Seguil Yanina <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Municipal de Trauma y Emergencias Dr. Federico Abete. Malvinas Argentinas, Buenos Aires)</span>; Terán Eduardo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Hospital Central, Ciudad de Mendoza, Mendoza)</span>.</p>" "etiqueta" => "Annex 1" "titulo" => "Participant researchers and their research centers" "identificador" => "sec0055" ] 1 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following are the supplementary data to this article:<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix B" "titulo" => "Supplementary data" "identificador" => "sec0065" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:9 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2144 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 193580 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow diagram of the study patients.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1882 "Ancho" => 2201 "Tamanyo" => 108990 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Chart of maximum and minimum Glasgow Coma Scores prior to decannulation based on the setting where decannulation occurred. No patient was decannulated with GCS below 8 points. This value is represented here by the line which is dotted. This was the same for all settings including the intensive care unit, the general ward, and the mechanical ventilation weaning and rehabilitation center.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1748 "Ancho" => 2178 "Tamanyo" => 114315 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Box plot representing the values of the peak cough expiratory flow based on the decannulation setting. The line shows the cut-off value of 160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L/min. We can see how this value is reached in different percentages in the different settings: by 46.1% of the patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit, 31.1% of the patients hospitalized in the general ward, and by 17.4% of the patients hospitalized in the mechanical ventilation weaning and rehabilitation center (MVWRC).</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1734 "Ancho" => 2171 "Tamanyo" => 102145 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Box plot representing the values of maximum expiratory pressure based on the decannulation setting. The line shows the cut-off value of 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O. We can see how this value is reached in different percentages in the different settings: by 9.7% of the patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit, 5.6% of the patients hospitalized in the general ward, and by 13.0% of the patients hospitalized in the mechanical ventilation weaning and rehabilitation center (MVWRC).</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AWO, airway obstruction; HOT, home oxygen therapy; ICU, intensive care unit; MVWRC, mechanical ventilation weaning and rehabilitation centers; PMH, past medical history; PMV, prolonged mechanical ventilation; TBI, traumatic brain injury; TCT: tracheostomy.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">All<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>207 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ICU<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>124 (60%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">General ward<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>59 (28%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MVWRC<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24 (12%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age, X (±SD), years</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53 (17.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54.3 (17.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49.4 (17.85) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59.5 (17.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Feminine sex, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77 (37) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 (32.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 (50.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (29.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Charlson score, Mn (Q25-Q75)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0–3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0–3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.7 (1–4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.12–3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Respiratory PMH, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 (20.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26 (21.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (11.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (37.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cardiovascular PMH, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">99 (47.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">62 (50.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27 (45.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (41.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neurological PMH, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34 (16.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 (16.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (15.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (20.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Metabolic PMH, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65 (31.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 (33.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (28.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (25.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Psychiatric PMH, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (5.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (6.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (6.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Oncologic PMH, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 (8.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (8.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (5.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (16.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tobacco PMH, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67 (32.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43 (34.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (28.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (29.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HOT, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (4.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reason for ICU admission</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Medical, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">87 (41.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 (48) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (27.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (45.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Urgent surgery, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">46 (22.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27 (21.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (28.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (8.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Scheduled surgery, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 (14.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 (16) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (13.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (8.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Trauma, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (2.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (3.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (4.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Trauma with TBI, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 (19.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (11.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 (30.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (33.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Percutaneous TCT, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">91 (43.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70 (56.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (20.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (15.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Reason to perform TCT</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Early TCT, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">79 (38.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">47(37.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21(35.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11(55.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Prolonged weaning, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54 (26.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30(24.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20(33.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (20.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PMV, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39 (19.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 (24.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (13.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (5.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Failed extubations, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 (11.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12(9.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7(11.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4(20.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AWO, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (4.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (4.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (5.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2046749.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Patients tracheostomized before the seven (7) days on mechanical ventilation.</p>" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Patients on mechanical ventilation for over 21 days.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Baseline characteristics of the series.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">GCS, Glasgow Coma Score; MEP, maximum espiratory pressure; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Statistics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ICU \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">GW \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MVWRC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PEFR (L/min) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Md (Q<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25–75</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">152.5 (110–190) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">177 (117–214.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">200 (167.5–232.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MEP (cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Md (Q<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25–75</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 (40–80) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">56 (40–62.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">62.5 (43.7–75.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GCS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Md (Max–Min) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15(10–15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (9–15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (12–15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Days to decannulation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Md (Q<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25–75</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26 (14–41) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 (20–47) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">56 (32–91) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hospital stay (days) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Md (Q<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25–75</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38 (38–83) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53 (39–86) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83 (76–130.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Decannulation failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hospital discharge \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">81 (38.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 (11.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (4.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30-Day mortality \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (3.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2046750.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Outcome variables.</p>" ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All pairs were compared using the Dunn–Bonferroni's test <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05 except indicated otherwise.</p><p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">GCS, Glasgow Coma Score; GW, general ward; ICU, intensive care unit; MVWRC, mechanical ventilation weaning and rehabilitation centers; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Decannulation setting</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PEFRMd (Q25–75)</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICU 152.5 (110–190) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GW177 (117–214.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.198 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICU 152.5 (110–190) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MVWRC200 (167.5–232.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GW 177 (117–214.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MVWRC200 (167.5–232.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.159 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GCSMd (Max–Min)</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICU 15 (10–15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GW10 (9–15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICU 15 (10–15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MVWRC15 (12–15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.211 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GW 10 (9–15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MVWRC15 (12–15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Days to decannulationMd (Q25–75)</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICU26 (14–41) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GW30 (20–47) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICU26 (14–41) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MVWRC56 (32–91) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GW30 (20–47) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MVWRC56 (32–91) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hospital stay (days)(Q25–75)</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICU38 (38–83) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GW53 (39–86) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICU38 (38–83) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MVWRC83 (76–130.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GW53 (39–86) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MVWRC83 (76–130.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hospital discharge at 30 days, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICU81 (38.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GW24 (11.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICU81 (38.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MVWRC10 (4.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GW24 (11.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MVWRC10 (4.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2046748.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Bonferroni correction test for multiple proportion comparison.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Post hoc</span> analysis.</p>" ] ] 7 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison according to the setting of hospitalization of patients’ progression based on whether or not they met the criterion for decannulation.</p><p id="spar0140" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">GW, general ward; ICU, intensive care unit; MEP, maximum espiratory pressure; MVWRC, mechanical ventilation weaning and rehabilitation centers; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="9" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. (%) or median [Q25–Q75]</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">ICU</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">GW</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">MVWRC</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PEFR <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>81</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PEFR <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PEFR <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">≥160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L/m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L/m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">≥160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L/m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L/m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">≥160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L/m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><160<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>L/m \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Days to decannulation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.5 [13–36] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33 [19–46] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.04</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">36.5 [20–47] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 [19–38] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.77</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">56 [31–77] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51 [51.2–71] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.45</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hospital stay (days) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49 [31–66] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77.5 [53–98] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><.01</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 [30–77] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54 [43–76] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.32</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97 [73–150] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">135 [119–163] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.79</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Decannulation failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (2.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (2.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.49</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (2.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (2.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.99</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">NA</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hospital discharge \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 (38.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 (27.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.06</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (19.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (10.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.99</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (30) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.53</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mortality \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (2.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (6.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.26</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (5.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.51</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">NA</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2046752.png" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MEP<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>94</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MEP<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>48</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MEP<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">≥40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">≥40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">≥40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Days to decannulation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 [13.5–44] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 [21.5–49.5] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.17</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28 [21.2–49] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32 [18.5–37] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.57</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51 [31–72] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">140 [132–197] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><.01</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hospital stay (days) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">52 [36.5–90] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">74 [54.5–92] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.17</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55.5 [39–86.7] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51 [33–59] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.33</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">123 [67–150] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">221 [200–257] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><.01</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Decannulation failure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (4.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.99</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (4.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">.99</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">NA</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hospital discharge \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 (60) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (4.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 8 | 12 | 20 |
| 2024 October | 39 | 49 | 88 |
| 2024 September | 51 | 27 | 78 |
| 2024 August | 55 | 43 | 98 |
| 2024 July | 219 | 29 | 248 |
| 2024 June | 45 | 48 | 93 |
| 2024 May | 41 | 46 | 87 |
| 2024 April | 45 | 33 | 78 |
| 2024 March | 63 | 27 | 90 |
| 2024 February | 37 | 38 | 75 |
| 2024 January | 35 | 28 | 63 |
| 2023 December | 69 | 35 | 104 |
| 2023 November | 52 | 43 | 95 |
| 2023 October | 44 | 25 | 69 |
| 2023 September | 26 | 41 | 67 |
| 2023 August | 35 | 13 | 48 |
| 2023 July | 36 | 23 | 59 |
| 2023 June | 27 | 24 | 51 |
| 2023 May | 47 | 29 | 76 |
| 2023 April | 45 | 27 | 72 |
| 2023 March | 75 | 34 | 109 |
| 2023 February | 51 | 32 | 83 |
| 2023 January | 33 | 18 | 51 |
| 2022 December | 69 | 29 | 98 |
| 2022 November | 54 | 34 | 88 |
| 2022 October | 80 | 45 | 125 |
| 2022 September | 41 | 33 | 74 |
| 2022 August | 46 | 44 | 90 |
| 2022 July | 64 | 38 | 102 |
| 2022 June | 70 | 33 | 103 |
| 2022 May | 80 | 39 | 119 |
| 2022 April | 132 | 33 | 165 |
| 2022 March | 174 | 51 | 225 |
| 2022 February | 166 | 36 | 202 |
| 2022 January | 137 | 36 | 173 |
| 2021 December | 78 | 41 | 119 |
| 2021 November | 94 | 46 | 140 |
| 2021 October | 55 | 78 | 133 |
| 2021 September | 44 | 33 | 77 |
| 2021 August | 53 | 37 | 90 |
| 2021 July | 40 | 32 | 72 |
| 2021 June | 50 | 16 | 66 |
| 2021 May | 49 | 43 | 92 |
| 2021 April | 71 | 76 | 147 |
| 2021 March | 70 | 37 | 107 |
| 2021 February | 78 | 27 | 105 |
| 2021 January | 60 | 19 | 79 |
| 2020 December | 60 | 28 | 88 |
| 2020 November | 46 | 23 | 69 |
| 2020 October | 43 | 36 | 79 |
| 2020 September | 40 | 21 | 61 |
| 2020 August | 26 | 17 | 43 |
| 2020 July | 31 | 27 | 58 |
| 2020 June | 59 | 15 | 74 |
| 2020 May | 48 | 15 | 63 |
| 2020 April | 35 | 16 | 51 |
| 2020 March | 23 | 13 | 36 |
| 2020 February | 66 | 30 | 96 |
| 2020 January | 49 | 30 | 79 |
| 2019 December | 44 | 24 | 68 |
| 2019 November | 45 | 27 | 72 |
| 2019 October | 20 | 5 | 25 |
| 2019 September | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2019 June | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2019 May | 0 | 3 | 3 |
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