Scientific Letter
Attitudes of healthcare professionals towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Results of a survey
Actitudes de los profesionales sanitarios ante la resucitación cardiopulmonar. Resultados de una encuesta
J.M. Navalpotro-Pascuala, J.B. Lopez-Messab,
, C. Fernández-Pérezc, M. Prieto-Gonzálezb
Corresponding author
a Servicio de Emergencias Médicas (SUMMA112), Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia, Palencia, Spain
c Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Metodología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Read
4218
Timeswas read the article
1692
Total PDF
2526
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S2173572719302115" "issn" => "21735727" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medine.2018.09.016" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-03-01" "aid" => "1278" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and SEMICYUC" "copyrightAnyo" => "2018" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2020;44:125-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0210569118302730" "issn" => "02105691" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2018.09.011" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-03-01" "aid" => "1278" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEMICYUC" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2020;44:125-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 83 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 9 "HTML" => 42 "PDF" => 32 ] ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Carta científica</span>" "titulo" => "Actitudes de los profesionales sanitarios ante la resucitación cardiopulmonar. Resultados de una encuesta" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "125" "paginaFinal" => "127" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Attitudes of healthcare professionals towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Results of a survey" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J.M. Navalpotro-Pascual, J.B. Lopez-Messa, C. Fernández-Pérez, M. Prieto-González" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "Navalpotro-Pascual" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.B." "apellidos" => "Lopez-Messa" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Pérez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Prieto-González" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173572719302115" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medine.2018.09.016" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572719302115?idApp=WMIE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210569118302730?idApp=WMIE" "url" => "/02105691/0000004400000002/v1_202002230623/S0210569118302730/v1_202002230623/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173572719302346" "issn" => "21735727" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medine.2019.04.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-03-01" "aid" => "1336" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and SEMICYUC" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2020;44:128" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 1 "PDF" => 2 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "The diagnosis of delirium in pediatric intensive care: A burdensome yet essential task" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "paginaInicial" => "128" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Diagnóstico del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">delirium</span> en pediatría: una tarea ardua pero imprescindible" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Rodríguez-Rubio, E. Álvarez-Rojas, P. de la Oliva" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez-Rubio" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Álvarez-Rojas" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "de la Oliva" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0210569119301172" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2019.04.001" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210569119301172?idApp=WMIE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572719302346?idApp=WMIE" "url" => "/21735727/0000004400000002/v1_202002280724/S2173572719302346/v1_202002280724/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173572720300047" "issn" => "21735727" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medine.2019.03.016" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-03-01" "aid" => "1329" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and SEMICYUC" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2020;44:122-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Point of view</span>" "titulo" => "Humanizing care reduces mortality in critically ill patients" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "122" "paginaFinal" => "124" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Humanizar los cuidados reduce la mortalidad en el enfermo crítico" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:9 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "fuente" => "Source: taken from Heras la Calle G.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>" "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1571 "Ancho" => 1583 "Tamanyo" => 143822 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">H-evolution of intensive care units. Eight (8) research lines from the international research project for the humanization of intensive care at the ICU setting (HU-CI Project).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Á. Alonso-Ovies, G. Heras la Calle" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Á." "apellidos" => "Alonso-Ovies" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Heras la Calle" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S021056911930110X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2019.03.002" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S021056911930110X?idApp=WMIE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572720300047?idApp=WMIE" "url" => "/21735727/0000004400000002/v1_202002280724/S2173572720300047/v1_202002280724/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>" "titulo" => "Attitudes of healthcare professionals towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Results of a survey" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Sir," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "125" "paginaFinal" => "127" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "J.M. Navalpotro-Pascual, J.B. Lopez-Messa, C. Fernández-Pérez, M. Prieto-González" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "Navalpotro-Pascual" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "J.B." "apellidos" => "Lopez-Messa" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jlopezme@saludcastillayleon.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Pérez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Prieto-González" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Emergencias Médicas (SUMMA112), Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia, Palencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Metodología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Actitudes de los profesionales sanitarios ante la resucitación cardiopulmonar. Resultados de una encuesta" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is a vast body of literature on cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) referred to aspects such as management and the role of witnesses and first interveners.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In contrast, few studies have addressed whether to start CPR in the absence of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders or the presence of signs of doubtful usefulness.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> Guidelines have been published for not starting or suspending CPR,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> but the medical emergency service (ES) or hospital staff face decision-making dillemas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Moreover, factors such as the duration of CPA, prior CPR performed by witnesses, or age<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a> influence the start or continuation of advanced CPR. A study was therefore carried out to explore the attitudes of the professionals that assist CPA in the face of these situations, and the factors that may influence them.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An online survey was carried out among physicians and nurses assisting CPA in the out- and in-hospital settings. The study comprised two parts: one involving general questions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>) and another addressing attitudes, with questions referred to 7 possible circumstances for not starting CPR, one question about whether they would perform CPR when their own personal criterion would indicate otherwise, and a group of questions referred to those situations in which they could perform CPR even if not indicated (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0010">Tables 1–5, electronic supplementary material [ESM]</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A comparative analysis was made of the influence of the characteristics of the possible resuscitators based on the chi-squared test and a two-phase cluster analysis seeking natural data set clustering, using log-likelihood statistics and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) as cluster algorithm.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 1000 responses were obtained. The characteristics of those surveyed are reported in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. Sixty-six percent would not perform CPR upon arrival of the ES after more than 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min without CPR. This figure reached 86.7% if the time without CPR exceeded 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min. If basic CPR maneuvers had been started, these figures decreased to 14.9% and 43.8%, respectively. Age was not regarded as a reason for not starting CPR by 65.3% of those surveyed, and 72.5% would not start maneuvers in the case of terminal illness. In turn, 62.4% would not perform CPR in the presence of severe disability, while 19.6% did not consider this to be a reason for not starting CPR. On the other hand, 48.8% would not start CPR in the presence of DNR orders as presented by the family; 27.8% would not start CPR in response to express indication by the family of a patient wish against resuscitation; and 10.8% would not start CPR simply if so instructed by the family. Suicide was not considered a reason not to start CPR, while 36% would not start maneuvering in the presence of DNR orders (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0010">Table 1 ESM</a>).</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As to whether the surveyed professionals would perform CPR when not indicated, 18.7% stated that they would do so often or almost always. The cited reasons for performing CPR even when not indicated, in very few cases, never or almost never were environmental pressuring (53.5%), training (73.4%), teaching (69.0%), encountering staff performing basic CPR (68.3%), pediatric patients (34.9%), young victims (36.0%) and pregnant women (34.7%). In these latter three circumstances, 33.7%, 28.8% and 33.3%, respectively, would almost always perform resuscitation (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0010">Table 2 ESM</a>).</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The female participants in the survey (mostly nurses) showed a greater tendency to perform CPR in situations of terminal illness or poor basal condition, and also to perform CPR even when not indicated, in response to environmental pressuring and in the case of children, young victims or pregnant women. In accordance to teaching, the male participants were more inclined to perform CPR even when not indicated (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0010">Table 1 ESM</a>).</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the out-hospital setting, the age of the victim was less of a conditioning factor for starting CPR, and the professionals proved more demanding when it came to requesting DNR orders, while in the in-hospital setting the intention to start CPR was greater, even in the presence of terminal illness. There was a greater incidence of affirmative answers for starting CPR in the out-hospital setting, even when maneuvering was not indicated – the causes being environmental pressuring, team training, the performance of basic CPR, and pediatric, young or pregnant victims (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0010">Table 2 ESM</a>).</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The responders of the survey with less experience would start CPR more often in extreme circumstances, without prior CPR and after a longer elapsed period of time – the causes being environmental pressuring, team training, and pediatric or young victims. Those with greater experience were comparatively less inclined to start maneuvering when not indicated (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0010">Tables 3 and 4 ESM</a>).</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The age of the participants showed differences. Those of younger age would start CPR more often, even if a longer time had elapsed after CPA, if CPR had not been started, and if there were no DNR orders. These professionals were also more inclined to perform maneuvering even when not indicated, due to training, teaching, and in the case of young victims (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0010">Table 4 ESM</a>).</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although it would seem evident that CPR would not be indicated in terminal disease, the data obtained indicate that in such situations 72.5% of those surveyed would not start CPR. With regard to the prior condition of the patient, and although this factor was taken into account by 92% of those surveyed,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> it was not regarded as a conditioning element by 19.6%, and 37.6% would start maneuvers in patients with severe or total disability (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0010">Table 5 ESM</a>).</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These findings suggest that the general characteristics of the resuscitators, as well as age, gender, profession and experience, influence the attitudes towards CPR. In this respect, in general, women, out-hospital nurses, professionals with less experience and younger staff would be more inclined to perform CPR even when the indications are questionable – with the observation of a certain disparity of criteria among the professionals assisting CPA as to whether to start maneuvering or not.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is advisable to establish clear recommendations or protocols for starting or not starting CPR in the event of CPA,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> where the decision making process is influenced not only by the personal perspectives of the resuscitators but also by strict criteria such as the characteristics of CPA and of the patient, the place where CPA takes place, and the medical-legal implications involved.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,9,10</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, although the opinions regarding the reasons for not starting CPR were consistent and predominant, disparity was observed in the responses regarding the performance of CPR when not indicated. The ethical recommendations in CPR are not duly taken into account by many professionals, with the criteria being based more on personal values. This shows that it will not be easy to consolidate uniform attitudes among resuscitators performing CPR under similar conditions.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Navalpotro-Pascual JM, Lopez-Messa JB, Fernández-Pérez C, Prieto-González M. Actitudes de los profesionales sanitarios ante la resucitación cardiopulmonar. Resultados de una encuesta. Med Intensiva. 2020;44:125–127.</p>" ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following are the supplementary data to this article:<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Supplementary data" "identificador" => "sec0010" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IC: intermediate care; CPA: cardiopulmonary arrest; IQR: interquartile range; PCES: primary care emergency service (non-home, out-hospital emergency services); HCU: home care unit (vehicle with physician or nurse, but not both); CU: coronary unit; ICU: Intensive Care Unit; MEU: mobile emergencies unit (medical ambulance, nurse and one or two technicians); RIV: rapid intervention vehicle (vehicle with physician, nurse and technician).</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hospital, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>407 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Out-hospital, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>593 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Global, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age in years, median (IQR)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41 (34–50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 (36–49) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41 (35–49) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Males/females; %</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57/43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54.1/45.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55.3/44.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Physicians/nurses; %</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">74.9/25.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55.8/44.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">63.6/36.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Experience in years</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Up to 10 years; % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>From 11 to 20 years; % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">29.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Over 20 years; % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Out-hospital working unit</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MEU; % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not applicable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">74.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>RIV; % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not applicable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PCES/HCU; % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not applicable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In-hospital workplace</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emergency; % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not applicable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ICU/IC/CU; % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not applicable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Resuscitation; % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not applicable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hospitalization; % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not applicable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Participates in the hospital CPA response team?</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes; % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not applicable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No; % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not applicable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2249782.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of the surveyed professionals.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.pdf" "ficheroTamanyo" => 398228 ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bystander-initiated CPR by design, not by chance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "C.M.D. Sasson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMe1504659" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "372" "paginaInicial" => "2349" "paginaFinal" => "2350" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26061840" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The decision to terminate resuscitative efforts: results of a questionnaire" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M.B.J. Mohr" 1 => "J. Schmid" 2 => "W. Panzer" 3 => "D. Kettler" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Resuscitation" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "34" "paginaInicial" => "51" "paginaFinal" => "55" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ethics in preclinical emergency medicine – on the topic of medical futility and resuscitation efforts [Article in German]" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.K.D. Mohr" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anaesthesiol Reanim" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "20" "paginaFinal" => "26" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9553247" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 11. The ethics of resuscitation and end-of-life decisions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "colaboracion" => "Ethics of resuscitation and end-of-life decisions section Collaborators" "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L.L.P.G. Bossaert" 1 => "H. Askitopoulou" 2 => "V.I. Raffay" 3 => "R. Greif" 4 => "K.L. Haywood" 5 => "S.D. Mentzelopoulos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.033" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Resuscitation" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "95" "paginaInicial" => "302" "paginaFinal" => "311" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26477419" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ethics of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.L. Monzón" 1 => "R. Molina" 2 => "R. Abizanda" 3 => "M. Cruz Martín" 4 => "L. Cabré" 5 => "K. Martínez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2010.04.013" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Intensiva" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "34" "paginaInicial" => "534" "paginaFinal" => "549" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20542599" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "«Do not attempt resuscitation» (DNAR) in the out-of-hospital setting" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "colaboracion" => "ACEP Ethics Committee" "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R.M.M.C. Schears" 1 => "K.V. Iserson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.01.008" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Emerg Med" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "68" "paginaFinal" => "70" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15226711" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Age, sex, and hospital factors are associated with the duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospitalized patients who do not experience sustained return of spontaneous circulation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "colaboracion" => "American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation (GWTG-R) Investigators" "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A.M. Khan" 1 => "L. Yang" 2 => "P.W. Groeneveld" 3 => "V.M. Nadkarni" 4 => "R.M. Merchant" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1161/JAHA.114.000844" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Heart Assoc" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "3" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24870935" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Duration of prehospital resuscitation efforts after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Nagao" 1 => "H. Nonogi" 2 => "N. Yonemoto" 3 => "D.F. Gaieski" 4 => "N. Ito" 5 => "M. Takayama" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018788" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Circulation" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "133" "paginaInicial" => "1386" "paginaFinal" => "1396" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26920493" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Commence, continue, withhold or terminate? A systematic review of decision-making in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N.E. Anderson" 1 => "M. Gott" 2 => "J. Slark" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Emerg Med" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "80" "paginaFinal" => "86" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "¿Cuál debe ser la duración apropiada de los intentos de resucitación cardiopulmonar?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.B. LopezMessa" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2016.08.004" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Intensiva" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "188" "paginaFinal" => "190" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27773492" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735727/0000004400000002/v1_202002280724/S2173572719302115/v1_202002280724/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "64605" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Scientific Letter" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735727/0000004400000002/v1_202002280724/S2173572719302115/v1_202002280724/en/main.pdf?idApp=WMIE&text.app=https://medintensiva.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572719302115?idApp=WMIE" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2024 October | 47 | 56 | 103 |
| 2024 September | 48 | 43 | 91 |
| 2024 August | 56 | 70 | 126 |
| 2024 July | 46 | 37 | 83 |
| 2024 June | 57 | 49 | 106 |
| 2024 May | 48 | 38 | 86 |
| 2024 April | 46 | 35 | 81 |
| 2024 March | 39 | 24 | 63 |
| 2024 February | 37 | 35 | 72 |
| 2024 January | 31 | 41 | 72 |
| 2023 December | 23 | 28 | 51 |
| 2023 November | 43 | 35 | 78 |
| 2023 October | 47 | 29 | 76 |
| 2023 September | 25 | 29 | 54 |
| 2023 August | 23 | 16 | 39 |
| 2023 July | 31 | 21 | 52 |
| 2023 June | 34 | 15 | 49 |
| 2023 May | 43 | 32 | 75 |
| 2023 April | 32 | 27 | 59 |
| 2023 March | 56 | 29 | 85 |
| 2023 February | 61 | 28 | 89 |
| 2023 January | 39 | 15 | 54 |
| 2022 December | 52 | 32 | 84 |
| 2022 November | 55 | 30 | 85 |
| 2022 October | 57 | 42 | 99 |
| 2022 September | 47 | 32 | 79 |
| 2022 August | 53 | 39 | 92 |
| 2022 July | 33 | 36 | 69 |
| 2022 June | 36 | 26 | 62 |
| 2022 May | 43 | 24 | 67 |
| 2022 April | 37 | 44 | 81 |
| 2022 March | 61 | 63 | 124 |
| 2022 February | 61 | 37 | 98 |
| 2022 January | 58 | 31 | 89 |
| 2021 December | 47 | 41 | 88 |
| 2021 November | 67 | 34 | 101 |
| 2021 October | 102 | 57 | 159 |
| 2021 September | 68 | 29 | 97 |
| 2021 August | 60 | 29 | 89 |
| 2021 July | 47 | 17 | 64 |
| 2021 June | 40 | 20 | 60 |
| 2021 May | 45 | 51 | 96 |
| 2021 April | 119 | 71 | 190 |
| 2021 March | 97 | 33 | 130 |
| 2021 February | 64 | 32 | 96 |
| 2021 January | 56 | 14 | 70 |
| 2020 December | 37 | 19 | 56 |
| 2020 November | 36 | 14 | 50 |
| 2020 October | 13 | 10 | 23 |
| 2020 September | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2020 July | 31 | 9 | 40 |
| 2020 June | 30 | 21 | 51 |
| 2020 May | 30 | 6 | 36 |
| 2020 April | 27 | 12 | 39 |
| 2020 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Show all
