Comparison of severity score models based on different sepsis definitions to predict in-hospital mortality among sepsis patients in the Intensive Care Unit

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Mateos Rodríguez, D. Varillas Delgado, A. Villar Arias, C. Rubio Chacón, A. Andrés Belmonte" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A. Mateos" "apellidos" => "Rodríguez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Varillas Delgado" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Villar Arias" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Rubio Chacón" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A. 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ASA PS: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "T. Ogawa, S. Inoue, M. Inada, M. Kawaguchi" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "T." "apellidos" => "Ogawa" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Inoue" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Inada" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Kawaguchi" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572720300862?idApp=WMIE" "url" => "/21735727/0000004400000004/v1_202005050638/S2173572720300862/v1_202005050638/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:21 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Comparison of severity score models based on different sepsis definitions to predict in-hospital mortality among sepsis patients in the Intensive Care Unit" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "226" "paginaFinal" => "232" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "T. Songsangjinda, B. Khwannimit" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "T." "apellidos" => "Songsangjinda" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Khwannimit" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "kbordin@medicine.psu.ac.th" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Comparación de los modelos de puntuación de la intensidad basados en diferentes definiciones de la sepsis en cuanto a la predicción de la mortalidad intrahospitalaria de los pacientes con sepsis ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 814 "Ancho" => 1529 "Tamanyo" => 130331 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Receiving operating characteristic curves (ROC) of severity scores for predict in-hospital mortality." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionSepsis and septic shock are currently a leading problem among intensive care unit (ICU) patients worldwide.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155">1–5</a> The ICU as well as in-hospital mortality owing to sepsis and septic shock have also been significantly higher than other critical illness conditions over the past few decades.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155">1–5</a> Until now, there have been three sepsis definitions endorsed by international societies, according to update knowledge in sepsis pathogenesis and pathophysiology. The first sepsis definition (Sepsis-1) was established in 1992, and focused on sepsis as a syndrome of infection, with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS concept).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">6</a> The second definition of sepsis by International Sepsis Definitions in 2001 (Sepsis-2) was also based on the SIRS concept, but tried to revise and included a list of more signs and symptoms, more so than SIRS.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">7</a> Signs and symptoms of sepsis according to Sepsis-2 definition was also classified into four categories which were: Predisposition, Insult/Infection, Response, Organ dysfunction; this in turn introduced the PIRO concept as a staging system of sepsis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">7</a> However, the severity scoring system of sepsis was not unified, and so some authors tried to develop an individual score to predict mortality, based on the PIRO concept for both general sepsis patients,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190">8–14</a> and a more specific group such as; hospital acquired pneumonia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225">15,16</a> Unfortunately, the PIRO scores are not widely used nowadays owing to their complexity.The sepsis definition was change again in 2016, by the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic shock (Sepsis-3), the changed sepsis into an organ dysfunction syndrome, rather than SIRS, as the organ failure concept is better in mortality prediction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">17</a> This definition reintroduces Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">18</a> score into clinical use. The more simplified score or quick SOFA (qSOFA) was introduced for clinician alert for sepsis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">17</a> The later score was validated by Seymour et al. and reported better accuracy of discrimination in term of mortality other than SIRS, especially in non-ICU encounter situations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">19</a> The external validity was also conducted by other authors, who also reported better performance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250">20–24</a>Proof of accuracy, between the different sepsis concepts on the same population, may be useful for further development of a unified sepsis score. Thus, our study aimed to compare the accuracy between severity scores from 3 different definition concepts (SIRS, PIRO and SOFA-based scores), in term of in-hospital mortality prediction among sepsis patients admitted to an intensive care unit.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing data over a 10-year period (from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2016), using electronic records along with the sepsis and severity scores database of a single medical ICU of a teaching hospital of Prince of Songkla University, Thailand. The protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee on January 7, 2014 (Approval letter 57-366-14-4).PopulationPatients 18 years of age or older, who was admitted to our medical ICU with a diagnosis of severe sepsis and septic shock were enrolled regardless of the infection source or acquisition type. We defined sepsis terminology following the criteria of Sepsis-2 definition, according to the starting study period. Patients whose diagnosis was only sepsis using the terminology in Sepsis-2 definition without organ dysfunction were excluded. Organ failure was defined by an increase in the SOFA score of at least 2 points in each organ system. Patients for whom the length of stay was less than 4h were also excluded, because it was too early to evaluate for change in either physiologic response or organ dysfunction.Data CollectionData for all components of SIRS,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">6</a> Moreno PIRO,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">8</a> Rubulotta PIRO,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">9</a> Howell PIRO,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">10</a> and qSOFA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">19</a> (detail in Tables S1–S6), as described by the original articles, were collected from the electronic database and Hospital Information System (HIS) of our hospital. Database of the studying ICU was manually collected by a well-trained research assistant in our unit.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165">3,25</a> Parameters of patient predisposition (underlying diseases, age, gender, chronic illness etc.) were based on the admission data. Severity of illness was defined using Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) score.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">26</a> APACHE II and SOFA scores were derived from sepsis and severity scores database. Parameters of infection (infection source and acquisition type) were based on data from a final summary of hospital admission. Worst values of parameters within the first 24h of ICU admission, related to physiological change and laboratory data were used to calculate the scores. The primary outcome was all causes of in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome was ICU mortality. All parameters were electronically recorded using Epidata 3.1.Statistical analysisBaseline characteristic data were analyzed and represented with mean±SD, or median with interquartile range (IQR), according to data type and distribution. Student T-test was used for normal distribution data, and Wilcoxon's rank sum test for non-normal distribution data. We used the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to determine discrimination among scores. Discrimination is an ability of the score to distinguish between survivors and non-survivors. Pair-wise comparison between the AUC of each score using method by the Delong et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">27</a> and used Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons of the AUC. Stata version 11 was used for all of statistical analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 is accepted as a statistical significance. Serum lactate measurement, which is a component in Howell PIRO score,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">10</a> were available in our center only after 2011 owing to resource limitation before that period, causing 42.4% of missing data in serum lactate in our database. We also decided to perform sensitivity analysis for Howell PIRO score using the subgroup from the database collected after 2011.ResultsThere were 6986 patients in the database during the 10-year study period in our ICU. A total of 2234 patients had been diagnosed with severe sepsis and septic shock, using the Sepsis-2 criteria. After exclusion of 82 entries, which were diagnosed as sepsis without organ failure, 2152 patients were included into the primary analysis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). The mean APACHE-II score was 23.9±9.8. The ICU and hospital mortality was 33.3% and 45.9%, respectively. The baseline characteristics of the study population are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Mortality tended to be higher according to the score increasing, in all scores, except SIRS (Figures S1–S3). The Moreno PIRO score had the highest AUC for in-hospital mortality (0.835, 95%CI 0.818–0.852), followed by SOFA score (0.828, 95%CI 0.811–0.846), qSOFA (0.792, 95%CI 0.775–0.809), Rubulotta PIRO score (0.708, 95%CI 0.687–0.730), Howell PIRO score (0.706, 95%CI 0.685–0.728), and SIRS (0.578, 95%CI 0.556–0.600). However, the AUC of SOFA score was not statistically different with Moreno PIRO score (p=0.43). The AUC of SOFA and Moreno PIRO scores were significantly higher than that of other scores (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). Nevertheless, the APACHE II score provide the higher AUC (0.883, 95%CI 0.868–0.897) than SOFA and other PIRO scores.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The SOFA score present the best discrimination with an AUC with 95%CI of 0.838, 0.820–0.855 to predict ICU mortality. There were no differences of AUCs between Moreno PIRO score and qSOFA (AUC with 95%CI 0.804, 0.785–0.823 and 0.787, 0.770–0.805, respectively), but their performance were statistically higher than other scores to predict ICU mortality (Table S7). The AUCs of each score to predict the ICU mortality are shown in Figure S4 and Table S7.The discrimination of each score for subgroups analysis is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>. There was similar predictive ability of SOFA and Moreno PIRO to predict hospital mortality in all subgroup of sepsis patients, as well as, the AUCs of both scores were statistically higher than SIRS and other PIRO scores to predict hospital mortality in all subgroup of our sepsis patients.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>However, there were only 1239 patients having had their serum lactate values, so as to be included into subgroup analysis. In subgroup analysis, the AUC of Howell PIRO score was higher than the whole population (0.724 vs. 0.706). However, the performance of Howell PIRO to predict primary outcome was lower than Moreno PIRO and SOFA score and similarly to Rubulotta PIRO, as same as the entire population (Table S8).DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparison of severity scores derived from all sepsis definition concepts. We found both the SOFA and Moreno PIRO score had the highest mortality discrimination, additionally they were also higher than the value reported in original articles of both scores (AUC of SOFA and Moreno PIRO score in original article was 0.74<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">19</a> and 0.772,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">8</a> respectively). This finding may be owing to the higher mortality in our center, compared with worldwide epidemiologic data.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">2</a> Although, we hypothesized that both SOFA and Moreno PIRO scores still preserve their good performance, even in a more severe sepsis patients. This statement may not be true for other scores, as their AUC did not result in as good results, as in their original articles.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195">9,10,19</a> Actually, components of organ dysfunction in the Moreno PIRO score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">8</a> was derived from the original SOFA, hence, may explain why the Moreno PIRO score is better than other PIRO scores. Even though these results may not directly conclude that the organ failure concept is better than other concepts for sepsis, we found that scores that, focus around organ failure seem to have better mortality discrimination than other scores.In this study, we aimed to compare between different sepsis definitions. Thus, we excluded patients without organ dysfunction, in order to unify the study population into the same terminology, which preserves severe sepsis in Sepsis-1 and Sepsis-2 definition is actually the same as sepsis in Sepsis-3 definition. Fortunately, sepsis patients without organ dysfunction were the minority our study population (only 3.6%), and may not have affected the primary outcome.Previous studies from other investigators had conflicted results. MacDonald et al. compared Howell PIRO, SOFA, and Mortality in ED Sepsis (MEDS) in 240 sepsis patients, who visited an emergency department, and found that the Howell PIRO score performed better than the SOFA score, and similarly to the MEDS score to predict 30-day mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">28</a> We hypothesized that the SOFA score may have better performance in an ICU setting, rather than in an emergency department setting, which is too early to detect changes in organ functions during the diseases course. Thus, the PIRO concept that includes predisposition factors in the score should be used in this setting. The study also included infections with no organ dysfunction (18% of study population), which is not considered to be sepsis nowadays. Another study from de Groot et al. also found that the performance of Howell PIRO, qSOFA, MEDS, Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in an emergency department setting were poor and the AUC ranged from 0.56 to 0.64 in older patients, significantly lower than the good AUC range from 0.72 to 0.86 in younger patients (lower than 70 years). The qSOFA had a lower AUC than that of the Howell PIRO score.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">29</a> Although some of the study populations in this study were within the older age group, most of them were younger than 70 years of age. The difference in both the study population and setting may explain the different results. The study of de Groot et al. also reported lower mortality (9.5%)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">29</a> compare with ours, and qSOFA discrimination may not as good as our results. Tafelski et al. compared the accuracy between three PIRO scores, based on a model of the critically-ill in an ICU, and they found that Moreno PIRO and Howell PIRO were statistically different compared with Rubulotta PIRO.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">30</a> Most of the patients in this study were in the organ dysfunction group, much like our study, but hospital mortality was 16.2% lower than our results. Different PIRO scores may have different accuracy dependant on population settings and sepsis severity.Our findings also support that among the more severe sepsis patients, use of SOFA score, which focus on organ dysfunction has more advantage in mortality prediction. Moreover, SOFA score is more simplified and easier to use than Moreno PIRO score, even though all of them have a comparable discrimination performance. We support the use of the SOFA score more so, than the Moreno PIRO score for risk prediction in ICU sepsis patients.The limitation of our study was that it only included sepsis patients admitted into a medical ICU of a university teaching hospital; these results may some limitation in application in other sepsis patients in other ICU or sepsis in wards or emergency department. Secondly, our results had a higher prevalence of septic shock and high mortality rate; these findings may not be generalized to less severely-sepsis patients. More studies are required to clarify prognostic determination among these different phenotypes of sepsis patients. Thirdly, the accuracy of these scores for predicting mortality in sepsis patients diagnosed according to Sepsis-2 criteria may not be the same as those diagnosed using the new Sepsis-3.ConclusionSeverity scores derived from the Sepsis-3 concept that consists of organ dysfunction and organ failure assessment have better discrimination performance than other concepts. Our findings support SOFA score for risk prediction in medical-based ICU sepsis patients.Authors contributionThe study concept and design was created by all authors. TS and BK collected data and performed the statistical analysis. TS drafted the manuscript. BK has reviewed and revised manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Conflict of interestNone." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1332814" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Design" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Setting" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Patients" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Main variables of interest" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Results" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1227926" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1332815" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Diseño" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Ámbito" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0055" "titulo" => "Pacientes" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0060" "titulo" => "Variables de interés principales" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0065" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1227925" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Population" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Data Collection" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Authors contribution" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack460562" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 12 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2018-09-06" "fechaAceptado" => "2018-12-02" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1227926" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Septic shock" 1 => "Sequential organ failure assessment" 2 => "Predisposition, insult, response, organ dysfunction" 3 => "Systemic inflammatory response syndrome" 4 => "Outcome" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1227925" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Shock séptico" 1 => "Evaluación del fallo orgánico secuencial" 2 => "Predisposición, lesión, respuesta, disfunción orgánica" 3 => "Síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica" 4 => "Resultado" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveA comparison is made of the accuracy between severity models, based on different sepsis definitions (systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), predisposition, insult, response, organ dysfunction (PIRO), and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) concepts), in predicting outcomes among sepsis patients. DesignA retrospective study was carried out. SettingThe study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university teaching hospital. PatientsSeptic patients admitted to the ICU during 2007–2016. Main variables of interestThe primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, with ICU mortality being the secondary outcome. ResultsA total of 2152 septic patient were identified, with ICU and in-hospital mortality rates of 33.3% and 45.9%, respectively. The Moreno PIRO (AUC, 95%CI) (0.835; 0.818–0.852) showed the highest discriminating capacity, followed by SOFA (0.828; 0.811–0.846), qSOFA (0.792; 0.775–0.809), Rubulotta PIRO (0.708; 0.687–0.730), Howell PIRO (0.706; 0.685–0.728) and SIRS (0.578; 0.556–0.600). The AUC of the SOFA score was comparable to that of the Moreno PIRO (p=0.43), though the AUCs of both of these scores were significantly higher than those of the other scores (p<0.001 for all other comparisons). However, the SOFA score showed the best discriminating capacity in predicting ICU mortality (0.838; 0.820–0.855), followed by Moreno PIRO (0.804; 0.785–0.823) and qSOFA (0.787; 0.770–0.805). The accuracy of the qSOFA in predicting ICU mortality was comparable to that of the Moreno PIRO score (p=0.15). ConclusionThe SOFA score and Moreno PIRO score showed the best accuracy in predicting in-hospital mortality among septic patients admitted to the ICU." "secciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Design" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Setting" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Patients" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Main variables of interest" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Results" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "ObjetivoComparar la precisión entre varios modelos de intensidad, basándose en diferentes definiciones de la sepsis (síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica [SIRS, por sus siglas en inglés], predisposición, infección, respuesta, disfunción orgánica [PIRO por sus siglas en inglés] y puntuación de la evaluación del fallo orgánico secuencial [SOFA por sus siglas en inglés]) para predecir los desenlaces en los pacientes con sepsis. DiseñoEstudio retrospectivo. ÁmbitoEl estudio se llevó a cabo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) de un hospital universitario. PacientesEnfermos con sepsis ingresados en la UCI durante 2007-2016. Variables de interés principalesEl desenlace principal fue la mortalidad hospitalaria, mientras que la mortalidad en la UCI fue el desenlace secundario. ResultadosSe identificó un total de 2.152 pacientes con sepsis, con unas tasas de mortalidad en la UCI e intrahospitalaria del 33,3 y del 45,9%, respectivamente. El modelo Moreno-PIRO (AUC, IC del 95%) (0,835; 0,818-0,852) fue el que presentó una mayor capacidad de discriminación, seguido del modelo SOFA (0,828; 0,811-0,846), modelo qSOFA (0,792; 0,775-0,809), modelo Rubulotta-PIRO (0,708; 0,687-0,730), modelo Howell-PIRO (0,706; 0,685-0,728) y modelo SIRS (0,578; 0,556-0,600). El AUC de la puntuación SOFA fue comparable al de Moreno-PIRO (p=0,43), si bien el AUC de ambas puntuaciones fue significativamente superior al de otras puntuaciones (p<0,001 para todas las demás comparaciones). Sin embargo, la puntuación SOFA es la que presenta la mayor capacidad de discriminación para predecir la mortalidad en la UCI (0,838; 0,820-0,855), seguida de Moreno-PIRO (0,804; 0,785-0,823) y qSOFA (0,787; 0,770-0,805). La precisión de la puntuación qSOFA en cuanto a la predicción de la mortalidad en la UCI fue comparable a la de la puntuación Moreno-PIRO (p=0,15).Conclusión La puntuación SOFA y la puntuación Moreno-PIRO mostraron la mejor precisión en la predicción Mortalidad intrahospitalaria entre pacientes sépticos ingresados en la UCI." "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Diseño" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Ámbito" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0055" "titulo" => "Pacientes" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0060" "titulo" => "Variables de interés principales" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0065" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] ] ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "The following are the supplementary data to this article:<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Supplementary data" "identificador" => "sec0060" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1478 "Ancho" => 1250 "Tamanyo" => 105197 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Enrollment and exclusion of study population." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 814 "Ancho" => 1529 "Tamanyo" => 130331 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Receiving operating characteristic curves (ROC) of severity scores for predict in-hospital mortality." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "PIRO: Predisposition, Insult/Infection, Response, Organ dysfunction; qSOFA: quick sequential organ failure assessment; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">All patients (n=2152) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Survivors (n=1164) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Non-survivors (n=988) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age, year (Median, IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">61 (45–74) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">58 (44–74) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">62 (46–75) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1216 (56.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">686 (56.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">570 (46.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Presence of at least one chronic illness (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">901 (41.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">376 (32.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">525 (53.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hematologic malignancy (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">239 (11.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">74 (6.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">165 (16.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Immunosuppressive agent using (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">166 (7.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">86 (7.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">80 (8.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Liver cirrhosis (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">110 (5.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 (2.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">79 (8.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Septic shock (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1775 (82.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">853 (73.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">922 (93.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Positive blood culture \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">652 (30.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">325 (27.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">327 (33.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Community acquired infection (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1423 (66.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">907 (77.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">516 (52.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Source of infection</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Respiratory tract infection (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1067 (49.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">541 (46.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">526 (53.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gastrointestinal tract infection (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">303 (14.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">161 (13.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">142 (14.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Urinary tract infection (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">191 (8.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">137 (11.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54 (5.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ICU length of stay, day (Median, IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (2–8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (2–8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (1–9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Scores</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SIRS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.3±0.82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.2±0.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.4±0.73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moreno PIRO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34 (25–43) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27 (21–34) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 (35–49) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rubulotta PIRO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (4–7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (4–6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (5–8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Howell PIRO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (12–17) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (11–16) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (14–18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SOFA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (6–12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (4–9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (9–14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">qSOFA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.4±0.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.0±0.61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.8±0.19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2284569.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Patient characteristics data." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "PIRO: Predisposition, Insult/Infection, Response, Organ dysfunction; qSOFA: quick sequential organ failure assessment; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Scores (AUC, 95%CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SIRS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Moreno \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rubulotta \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Howell \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SOFA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SIRS (0.578, 0.556–0.600) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moreno PIRO (0.835, 0.818–0.852) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rubulotta PIRO (0.708, 0.687–0.730) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Howell PIRO (0.706, 0.685–0.728) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SOFA (0.828, 0.811–0.846) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">qSOFA (0.792, 0.775–0.809) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2284570.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Area under receiving operating characteristic (AUC) and p-value comparison between sepsis based-scores for in-hospital mortality." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "PIRO: Predisposition, Insult/Infection, Response, Organ dysfunction; qSOFA: quick sequential organ failure assessment; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Subgroup of patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SIRS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Moreno PIRO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rubulotta PIRO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Howell PIRO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SOFA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">qSOFA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe sepsis (n=377) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.586(0.516–0.656) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.769(0.702–0.836) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.689(0.612–0.768) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.646(0.569–0.724) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.769(0.695–0.840) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.713(0.647–0.779) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Septic shock (n=1775) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.558(0.533–0.582) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.821(0.803–0.840) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.678(0.654–0.703) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.690(0.666–0.714) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.820(0.800–0.839) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.782(0.763–0.802) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Respiratory tract infection (n=1076) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.580(0.548–0.611) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.835(0.811–0.858) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.712(0.681–0.742) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.704(0.674–0.735) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.847(0.824–0.870) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.781(0.756–0.806) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gastrointestinal tract infection (n=303) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.551(0.490–0.611) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.876(0.837–0.914) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.714(0.657–0.771) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.726(0.670–0.782) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.848(0.805–0.891) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.819(0.775–0.864) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Year 2007–2011 (n=1077) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.561(0.530–0.592) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.805(0.779–0.830) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.712(0.682–0.742) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.695(0.664–0.726) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.799(0.752–0.816) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.737(0.710–0.764) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Year 2012–2016 (n=1075) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.592(0.560–0.623) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.868(0.847–0.889) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.705(0.674–0.735) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.720(0.690–0.751) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.882(0.862–0.902) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.845(0.822–0.865) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2284571.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison of the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for sepsis based-scores for predict in-hospital mortality." ] ] 5 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.pdf" "ficheroTamanyo" => 346130 ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:30 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Assessment of the worldwide burden of critical illness: the Intensive Care Over Nations (ICON) audit" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.L. 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Abbas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Scand J Trauma Resusc Emer Med" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "91" ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0300" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of three models for sepsis patient discrimination according to PIRO: predisposition, infection, response and organ dysfunction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S. Tafelski" 1 => "I. Nachtigall" 2 => "S. Stengel" 3 => "K. Wernecke" 4 => "C. Spies" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Minerva Anestesiol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "81" "paginaInicial" => "264" "paginaFinal" => "271" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25220552" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack460562" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" "texto" => "This study was supported by a research grant from the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University. The authors would like to acknowledge Mr. Andrew Tait, of the International Affairs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University for his help in editing the manuscript." 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Comparison of severity score models based on different sepsis definitions to predict in-hospital mortality among sepsis patients in the Intensive Care Unit

Comparación de los modelos de puntuación de la intensidad basados en diferentes definiciones de la sepsis en cuanto a la predicción de la mortalidad intrahospitalaria de los pacientes con sepsis ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos

T. Songsangjindaa, B. Khwannimitb,

Corresponding author

kbordin@medicine.psu.ac.th

Corresponding author.

a Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand

b Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand

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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sepsis and septic shock are currently a leading problem among intensive care unit &#40;ICU&#41; patients worldwide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;5</span></a> The ICU as well as in-hospital mortality owing to sepsis and septic shock have also been significantly higher than other critical illness conditions over the past few decades&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;5</span></a> Until now&#44; there have been three sepsis definitions endorsed by international societies&#44; according to update knowledge in sepsis pathogenesis and pathophysiology&#46; The first sepsis definition &#40;Sepsis-1&#41; was established in 1992&#44; and focused on sepsis as a syndrome of infection&#44; with systemic inflammatory response syndrome &#40;SIRS concept&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The second definition of sepsis by International Sepsis Definitions in 2001 &#40;Sepsis-2&#41; was also based on the SIRS concept&#44; but tried to revise and included a list of more signs and symptoms&#44; more so than SIRS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Signs and symptoms of sepsis according to Sepsis-2 definition was also classified into four categories which were&#58; Predisposition&#44; Insult&#47;Infection&#44; Response&#44; Organ dysfunction&#59; this in turn introduced the PIRO concept as a staging system of sepsis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> However&#44; the severity scoring system of sepsis was not unified&#44; and so some authors tried to develop an individual score to predict mortality&#44; based on the PIRO concept for both general sepsis patients&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;14</span></a> and a more specific group such as&#59; hospital acquired pneumonia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a> Unfortunately&#44; the PIRO scores are not widely used nowadays owing to their complexity&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sepsis definition was change again in 2016&#44; by the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic shock &#40;Sepsis-3&#41;&#44; the changed sepsis into an organ dysfunction syndrome&#44; rather than SIRS&#44; as the organ failure concept is better in mortality prediction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> This definition reintroduces Sequential Organ Failure Assessment &#40;SOFA&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> score into clinical use&#46; The more simplified score or quick SOFA &#40;qSOFA&#41; was introduced for clinician alert for sepsis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> The later score was validated by Seymour et al&#46; and reported better accuracy of discrimination in term of mortality other than SIRS&#44; especially in non-ICU encounter situations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> The external validity was also conducted by other authors&#44; who also reported better performance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#8211;24</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Proof of accuracy&#44; between the different sepsis concepts on the same population&#44; may be useful for further development of a unified sepsis score&#46; Thus&#44; our study aimed to compare the accuracy between severity scores from 3 different definition concepts &#40;SIRS&#44; PIRO and SOFA-based scores&#41;&#44; in term of in-hospital mortality prediction among sepsis patients admitted to an intensive care unit&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing data over a 10-year period &#40;from January 1&#44; 2007 to December 31&#44; 2016&#41;&#44; using electronic records along with the sepsis and severity scores database of a single medical ICU of a teaching hospital of Prince of Songkla University&#44; Thailand&#46; The protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee on January 7&#44; 2014 &#40;Approval letter 57-366-14-4&#41;&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Population</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients 18 years of age or older&#44; who was admitted to our medical ICU with a diagnosis of severe sepsis and septic shock were enrolled regardless of the infection source or acquisition type&#46; We defined sepsis terminology following the criteria of Sepsis-2 definition&#44; according to the starting study period&#46; Patients whose diagnosis was only sepsis using the terminology in Sepsis-2 definition without organ dysfunction were excluded&#46; Organ failure was defined by an increase in the SOFA score of at least 2 points in each organ system&#46; Patients for whom the length of stay was less than 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h were also excluded&#44; because it was too early to evaluate for change in either physiologic response or organ dysfunction&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Data Collection</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data for all components of SIRS&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Moreno PIRO&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Rubulotta PIRO&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Howell PIRO&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and qSOFA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> &#40;detail in Tables S1&#8211;S6&#41;&#44; as described by the original articles&#44; were collected from the electronic database and Hospital Information System &#40;HIS&#41; of our hospital&#46; Database of the studying ICU was manually collected by a well-trained research assistant in our unit&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;25</span></a> Parameters of patient predisposition &#40;underlying diseases&#44; age&#44; gender&#44; chronic illness <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">etc&#46;</span>&#41; were based on the admission data&#46; Severity of illness was defined using Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II &#40;APACHE-II&#41; score&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> APACHE II and SOFA scores were derived from sepsis and severity scores database&#46; Parameters of infection &#40;infection source and acquisition type&#41; were based on data from a final summary of hospital admission&#46; Worst values of parameters within the first 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of ICU admission&#44; related to physiological change and laboratory data were used to calculate the scores&#46; The primary outcome was all causes of in-hospital mortality&#46; The secondary outcome was ICU mortality&#46; All parameters were electronically recorded using Epidata 3&#46;1&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Baseline characteristic data were analyzed and represented with mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#44; or median with interquartile range &#40;IQR&#41;&#44; according to data type and distribution&#46; Student <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>-test was used for normal distribution data&#44; and Wilcoxon&#39;s rank sum test for non-normal distribution data&#46; We used the area under receiver operating characteristic curve &#40;AUC&#41; to determine discrimination among scores&#46; Discrimination is an ability of the score to distinguish between survivors and non-survivors&#46; Pair-wise comparison between the AUC of each score using method by the Delong et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> and used Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons of the AUC&#46; Stata version 11 was used for all of statistical analysis&#46; A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value of less than 0&#46;05 is accepted as a statistical significance&#46; Serum lactate measurement&#44; which is a component in Howell PIRO score&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> were available in our center only after 2011 owing to resource limitation before that period&#44; causing 42&#46;4&#37; of missing data in serum lactate in our database&#46; We also decided to perform sensitivity analysis for Howell PIRO score using the subgroup from the database collected after 2011&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Results</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were 6986 patients in the database during the 10-year study period in our ICU&#46; A total of 2234 patients had been diagnosed with severe sepsis and septic shock&#44; using the Sepsis-2 criteria&#46; After exclusion of 82 entries&#44; which were diagnosed as sepsis without organ failure&#44; 2152 patients were included into the primary analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The mean APACHE-II score was 23&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;8&#46; The ICU and hospital mortality was 33&#46;3&#37; and 45&#46;9&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; The baseline characteristics of the study population are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mortality tended to be higher according to the score increasing&#44; in all scores&#44; except SIRS &#40;Figures S1&#8211;S3&#41;&#46; The Moreno PIRO score had the highest AUC for in-hospital mortality &#40;0&#46;835&#44; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;818&#8211;0&#46;852&#41;&#44; followed by SOFA score &#40;0&#46;828&#44; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;811&#8211;0&#46;846&#41;&#44; qSOFA &#40;0&#46;792&#44; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;775&#8211;0&#46;809&#41;&#44; Rubulotta PIRO score &#40;0&#46;708&#44; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;687&#8211;0&#46;730&#41;&#44; Howell PIRO score &#40;0&#46;706&#44; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;685&#8211;0&#46;728&#41;&#44; and SIRS &#40;0&#46;578&#44; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;556&#8211;0&#46;600&#41;&#46; However&#44; the AUC of SOFA score was not statistically different with Moreno PIRO score &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;43&#41;&#46; The AUC of SOFA and Moreno PIRO scores were significantly higher than that of other scores &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Nevertheless&#44; the APACHE II score provide the higher AUC &#40;0&#46;883&#44; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;868&#8211;0&#46;897&#41; than SOFA and other PIRO scores&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The SOFA score present the best discrimination with an AUC with 95&#37;CI of 0&#46;838&#44; 0&#46;820&#8211;0&#46;855 to predict ICU mortality&#46; There were no differences of AUCs between Moreno PIRO score and qSOFA &#40;AUC with 95&#37;CI 0&#46;804&#44; 0&#46;785&#8211;0&#46;823 and 0&#46;787&#44; 0&#46;770&#8211;0&#46;805&#44; respectively&#41;&#44; but their performance were statistically higher than other scores to predict ICU mortality &#40;Table S7&#41;&#46; The AUCs of each score to predict the ICU mortality are shown in Figure S4 and Table S7&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The discrimination of each score for subgroups analysis is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#46; There was similar predictive ability of SOFA and Moreno PIRO to predict hospital mortality in all subgroup of sepsis patients&#44; as well as&#44; the AUCs of both scores were statistically higher than SIRS and other PIRO scores to predict hospital mortality in all subgroup of our sepsis patients&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; there were only 1239 patients having had their serum lactate values&#44; so as to be included into subgroup analysis&#46; In subgroup analysis&#44; the AUC of Howell PIRO score was higher than the whole population &#40;0&#46;724 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 0&#46;706&#41;&#46; However&#44; the performance of Howell PIRO to predict primary outcome was lower than Moreno PIRO and SOFA score and similarly to Rubulotta PIRO&#44; as same as the entire population &#40;Table S8&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discussion</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To the best of our knowledge&#44; this is the first comparison of severity scores derived from all sepsis definition concepts&#46; We found both the SOFA and Moreno PIRO score had the highest mortality discrimination&#44; additionally they were also higher than the value reported in original articles of both scores &#40;AUC of SOFA and Moreno PIRO score in original article was 0&#46;74<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> and 0&#46;772&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> respectively&#41;&#46; This finding may be owing to the higher mortality in our center&#44; compared with worldwide epidemiologic data&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Although&#44; we hypothesized that both SOFA and Moreno PIRO scores still preserve their good performance&#44; even in a more severe sepsis patients&#46; This statement may not be true for other scores&#44; as their AUC did not result in as good results&#44; as in their original articles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10&#44;19</span></a> Actually&#44; components of organ dysfunction in the Moreno PIRO score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> was derived from the original SOFA&#44; hence&#44; may explain why the Moreno PIRO score is better than other PIRO scores&#46; Even though these results may not directly conclude that the organ failure concept is better than other concepts for sepsis&#44; we found that scores that&#44; focus around organ failure seem to have better mortality discrimination than other scores&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; we aimed to compare between different sepsis definitions&#46; Thus&#44; we excluded patients without organ dysfunction&#44; in order to unify the study population into the same terminology&#44; which preserves severe sepsis in Sepsis-1 and Sepsis-2 definition is actually the same as sepsis in Sepsis-3 definition&#46; Fortunately&#44; sepsis patients without organ dysfunction were the minority our study population &#40;only 3&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; and may not have affected the primary outcome&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Previous studies from other investigators had conflicted results&#46; MacDonald et al&#46; compared Howell PIRO&#44; SOFA&#44; and Mortality in ED Sepsis &#40;MEDS&#41; in 240 sepsis patients&#44; who visited an emergency department&#44; and found that the Howell PIRO score performed better than the SOFA score&#44; and similarly to the MEDS score to predict 30-day mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> We hypothesized that the SOFA score may have better performance in an ICU setting&#44; rather than in an emergency department setting&#44; which is too early to detect changes in organ functions during the diseases course&#46; Thus&#44; the PIRO concept that includes predisposition factors in the score should be used in this setting&#46; The study also included infections with no organ dysfunction &#40;18&#37; of study population&#41;&#44; which is not considered to be sepsis nowadays&#46; Another study from de Groot et al&#46; also found that the performance of Howell PIRO&#44; qSOFA&#44; MEDS&#44; Modified Early Warning Score &#40;MEWS&#41;&#44; National Early Warning Score &#40;NEWS&#41; in an emergency department setting were poor and the AUC ranged from 0&#46;56 to 0&#46;64 in older patients&#44; significantly lower than the good AUC range from 0&#46;72 to 0&#46;86 in younger patients &#40;lower than 70 years&#41;&#46; The qSOFA had a lower AUC than that of the Howell PIRO score&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Although some of the study populations in this study were within the older age group&#44; most of them were younger than 70 years of age&#46; The difference in both the study population and setting may explain the different results&#46; The study of de Groot et al&#46; also reported lower mortality &#40;9&#46;5&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> compare with ours&#44; and qSOFA discrimination may not as good as our results&#46; Tafelski et al&#46; compared the accuracy between three PIRO scores&#44; based on a model of the critically-ill in an ICU&#44; and they found that Moreno PIRO and Howell PIRO were statistically different compared with Rubulotta PIRO&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Most of the patients in this study were in the organ dysfunction group&#44; much like our study&#44; but hospital mortality was 16&#46;2&#37; lower than our results&#46; Different PIRO scores may have different accuracy dependant on population settings and sepsis severity&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our findings also support that among the more severe sepsis patients&#44; use of SOFA score&#44; which focus on organ dysfunction has more advantage in mortality prediction&#46; Moreover&#44; SOFA score is more simplified and easier to use than Moreno PIRO score&#44; even though all of them have a comparable discrimination performance&#46; We support the use of the SOFA score more so&#44; than the Moreno PIRO score for risk prediction in ICU sepsis patients&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The limitation of our study was that it only included sepsis patients admitted into a medical ICU of a university teaching hospital&#59; these results may some limitation in application in other sepsis patients in other ICU or sepsis in wards or emergency department&#46; Secondly&#44; our results had a higher prevalence of septic shock and high mortality rate&#59; these findings may not be generalized to less severely-sepsis patients&#46; More studies are required to clarify prognostic determination among these different phenotypes of sepsis patients&#46; Thirdly&#44; the accuracy of these scores for predicting mortality in sepsis patients diagnosed according to Sepsis-2 criteria may not be the same as those diagnosed using the new Sepsis-3&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conclusion</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Severity scores derived from the Sepsis-3 concept that consists of organ dysfunction and organ failure assessment have better discrimination performance than other concepts&#46; Our findings support SOFA score for risk prediction in medical-based ICU sepsis patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Authors contribution</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study concept and design was created by all authors&#46; TS and BK collected data and performed the statistical analysis&#46; TS drafted the manuscript&#46; BK has reviewed and revised manuscript&#46; All authors read and approved the final manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A comparison is made of the accuracy between severity models&#44; based on different sepsis definitions &#40;systemic inflammatory response syndrome &#40;SIRS&#41;&#44; predisposition&#44; insult&#44; response&#44; organ dysfunction &#40;PIRO&#41;&#44; and sequential organ failure assessment &#40;SOFA&#41; concepts&#41;&#44; in predicting outcomes among sepsis patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Design</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective study was carried out&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Setting</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit &#40;ICU&#41; of a university teaching hospital&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Patients</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Septic patients admitted to the ICU during 2007&#8211;2016&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Main variables of interest</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality&#44; with ICU mortality being the secondary outcome&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Results</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 2152 septic patient were identified&#44; with ICU and in-hospital mortality rates of 33&#46;3&#37; and 45&#46;9&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; The Moreno PIRO &#40;AUC&#44; 95&#37;CI&#41; &#40;0&#46;835&#59; 0&#46;818&#8211;0&#46;852&#41; showed the highest discriminating capacity&#44; followed by SOFA &#40;0&#46;828&#59; 0&#46;811&#8211;0&#46;846&#41;&#44; qSOFA &#40;0&#46;792&#59; 0&#46;775&#8211;0&#46;809&#41;&#44; Rubulotta PIRO &#40;0&#46;708&#59; 0&#46;687&#8211;0&#46;730&#41;&#44; Howell PIRO &#40;0&#46;706&#59; 0&#46;685&#8211;0&#46;728&#41; and SIRS &#40;0&#46;578&#59; 0&#46;556&#8211;0&#46;600&#41;&#46; The AUC of the SOFA score was comparable to that of the Moreno PIRO &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;43&#41;&#44; though the AUCs of both of these scores were significantly higher than those of the other scores &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001 for all other comparisons&#41;&#46; However&#44; the SOFA score showed the best discriminating capacity in predicting ICU mortality &#40;0&#46;838&#59; 0&#46;820&#8211;0&#46;855&#41;&#44; followed by Moreno PIRO &#40;0&#46;804&#59; 0&#46;785&#8211;0&#46;823&#41; and qSOFA &#40;0&#46;787&#59; 0&#46;770&#8211;0&#46;805&#41;&#46; The accuracy of the qSOFA in predicting ICU mortality was comparable to that of the Moreno PIRO score &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;15&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The SOFA score and Moreno PIRO score showed the best accuracy in predicting in-hospital mortality among septic patients admitted to the ICU&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparar la precisi&#243;n entre varios modelos de intensidad&#44; bas&#225;ndose en diferentes definiciones de la sepsis &#40;s&#237;ndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sist&#233;mica &#91;SIRS&#44; por sus siglas en ingl&#233;s&#93;&#44; predisposici&#243;n&#44; infecci&#243;n&#44; respuesta&#44; disfunci&#243;n org&#225;nica &#91;PIRO por sus siglas en ingl&#233;s&#93; y puntuaci&#243;n de la evaluaci&#243;n del fallo org&#225;nico secuencial &#91;SOFA por sus siglas en ingl&#233;s&#93;&#41; para predecir los desenlaces en los pacientes con sepsis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio retrospectivo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">&#193;mbito</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio se llev&#243; a cabo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos &#40;UCI&#41; de un hospital universitario&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Pacientes</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Enfermos con sepsis ingresados en la UCI durante 2007-2016&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Variables de inter&#233;s principales</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El desenlace principal fue la mortalidad hospitalaria&#44; mientras que la mortalidad en la UCI fue el desenlace secundario&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se identific&#243; un total de 2&#46;152 pacientes con sepsis&#44; con unas tasas de mortalidad en la UCI e intrahospitalaria del 33&#44;3 y del 45&#44;9&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#46; El modelo Moreno-PIRO &#40;AUC&#44; IC del 95&#37;&#41; &#40;0&#44;835&#59; 0&#44;818-0&#44;852&#41; fue el que present&#243; una mayor capacidad de discriminaci&#243;n&#44; seguido del modelo SOFA &#40;0&#44;828&#59; 0&#44;811-0&#44;846&#41;&#44; modelo qSOFA &#40;0&#44;792&#59; 0&#44;775-0&#44;809&#41;&#44; modelo Rubulotta-PIRO &#40;0&#44;708&#59; 0&#44;687-0&#44;730&#41;&#44; modelo Howell-PIRO &#40;0&#44;706&#59; 0&#44;685-0&#44;728&#41; y modelo SIRS &#40;0&#44;578&#59; 0&#44;556-0&#44;600&#41;&#46; El AUC de la puntuaci&#243;n SOFA fue comparable al de Moreno-PIRO &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;43&#41;&#44; si bien el AUC de ambas puntuaciones fue significativamente superior al de otras puntuaciones &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001 para todas las dem&#225;s comparaciones&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la puntuaci&#243;n SOFA es la que presenta la mayor capacidad de discriminaci&#243;n para predecir la mortalidad en la UCI &#40;0&#44;838&#59; 0&#44;820-0&#44;855&#41;&#44; seguida de Moreno-PIRO &#40;0&#44;804&#59; 0&#44;785-0&#44;823&#41; y qSOFA &#40;0&#44;787&#59; 0&#44;770-0&#44;805&#41;&#46; La precisi&#243;n de la puntuaci&#243;n qSOFA en cuanto a la predicci&#243;n de la mortalidad en la UCI fue comparable a la de la puntuaci&#243;n Moreno-PIRO &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;15&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Conclusi&#243;n La puntuaci&#243;n SOFA y la puntuaci&#243;n Moreno-PIRO mostraron la mejor precisi&#243;n en la predicci&#243;n Mortalidad intrahospitalaria entre pacientes s&#233;pticos ingresados en la UCI&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:6 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Dise&#241;o"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0050"
            "titulo" => "&#193;mbito"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0055"
            "titulo" => "Pacientes"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0060"
            "titulo" => "Variables de inter&#233;s principales"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0065"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "apendice" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following are the supplementary data to this article&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Supplementary data"
            "identificador" => "sec0060"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:6 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1478
            "Ancho" => 1250
            "Tamanyo" => 105197
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Enrollment and exclusion of study population&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 814
            "Ancho" => 1529
            "Tamanyo" => 130331
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Receiving operating characteristic curves &#40;ROC&#41; of severity scores for predict in-hospital mortality&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PIRO&#58; Predisposition&#44; Insult&#47;Infection&#44; Response&#44; Organ dysfunction&#59; qSOFA&#58; quick sequential organ failure assessment&#59; SIRS&#58; systemic inflammatory response syndrome&#59; SOFA&#58; sequential organ failure assessment&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">79 &#40;8&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">325 &#40;27&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">327 &#40;33&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Community acquired infection &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1423 &#40;66&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">907 &#40;77&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">516 &#40;52&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Source of infection</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory tract infection &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1067 &#40;49&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">541 &#40;46&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">526 &#40;53&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gastrointestinal tract infection &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">303 &#40;14&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">161 &#40;13&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">142 &#40;14&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Urinary tract infection &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">191 &#40;8&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">137 &#40;11&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;5&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ICU length of stay&#44; day &#40;Median&#44; IQR&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;2&#8211;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;2&#8211;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SIRS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moreno PIRO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;21&#8211;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;35&#8211;49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rubulotta PIRO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#8211;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;4&#8211;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;5&#8211;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Howell PIRO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;12&#8211;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;11&#8211;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;14&#8211;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SOFA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;6&#8211;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#8211;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;9&#8211;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>qSOFA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2284569.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patient characteristics data&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
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          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PIRO&#58; Predisposition&#44; Insult&#47;Infection&#44; Response&#44; Organ dysfunction&#59; qSOFA&#58; quick sequential organ failure assessment&#59; SIRS&#58; systemic inflammatory response syndrome&#59; SOFA&#58; sequential organ failure assessment&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Scores &#40;AUC&#44; 95&#37;CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SIRS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Moreno&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rubulotta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Howell&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SOFA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SIRS &#40;0&#46;578&#44; 0&#46;556&#8211;0&#46;600&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moreno PIRO &#40;0&#46;835&#44; 0&#46;818&#8211;0&#46;852&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Rubulotta PIRO &#40;0&#46;708&#44; 0&#46;687&#8211;0&#46;730&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Howell PIRO &#40;0&#46;706&#44; 0&#46;685&#8211;0&#46;728&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SOFA &#40;0&#46;828&#44; 0&#46;811&#8211;0&#46;846&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">qSOFA &#40;0&#46;792&#44; 0&#46;775&#8211;0&#46;809&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Area under receiving operating characteristic &#40;AUC&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value comparison between sepsis based-scores for in-hospital mortality&#46;</p>"
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      4 => array:8 [
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PIRO&#58; Predisposition&#44; Insult&#47;Infection&#44; Response&#44; Organ dysfunction&#59; qSOFA&#58; quick sequential organ failure assessment&#59; SIRS&#58; systemic inflammatory response syndrome&#59; SOFA&#58; sequential organ failure assessment&#46;</p>"
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Subgroup of patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Moreno PIRO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rubulotta PIRO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Howell PIRO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SOFA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">qSOFA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Severe sepsis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>377&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;586&#40;0&#46;516&#8211;0&#46;656&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;769&#40;0&#46;702&#8211;0&#46;836&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;689&#40;0&#46;612&#8211;0&#46;768&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;646&#40;0&#46;569&#8211;0&#46;724&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;769&#40;0&#46;695&#8211;0&#46;840&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;713&#40;0&#46;647&#8211;0&#46;779&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Septic shock &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1775&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;558&#40;0&#46;533&#8211;0&#46;582&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;821&#40;0&#46;803&#8211;0&#46;840&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                          "etal" => true
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                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Vincent"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Sakr"
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                            3 => "V&#46;M&#46; Ranieri"
                            4 => "K&#46; Reinhart"
                            5 => "H&#46; Gerlach"
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                    0 => array:2 [
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Minerva Anestesiol"
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                            2 => "F&#46;B&#46; Cerra"
                            3 => "R&#46;P&#46; Dellinger"
                            4 => "A&#46;M&#46; Fein"
                            5 => "W&#46;A&#46; Knaus"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
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                        "paginaInicial" => "1644"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1655"
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                            1 => "M&#46;P&#46; Fink"
                            2 => "J&#46;C&#46; Marshall"
                            3 => "E&#46; Abraham"
                            4 => "D&#46; Angus"
                            5 => "D&#46; Cook"
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Article information

ISSN: 21735727
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.medine.2018.12.007

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Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	3	6	9
2024 October	59	49	108
2024 September	67	33	100
2024 August	64	43	107
2024 July	97	37	134
2024 June	49	50	99
2024 May	74	33	107
2024 April	63	38	101
2024 March	52	26	78
2024 February	71	34	105
2024 January	51	30	81
2023 December	48	36	84
2023 November	86	74	160
2023 October	60	42	102
2023 September	51	43	94
2023 August	25	17	42
2023 July	26	22	48
2023 June	34	13	47
2023 May	45	38	83
2023 April	53	19	72
2023 March	55	26	81
2023 February	35	36	71
2023 January	27	16	43
2022 December	59	34	93
2022 November	42	41	83
2022 October	76	37	113
2022 September	43	42	85
2022 August	30	45	75
2022 July	25	37	62
2022 June	26	26	52
2022 May	28	37	65
2022 April	29	42	71
2022 March	35	57	92
2022 February	35	41	76
2022 January	60	44	104
2021 December	47	56	103
2021 November	61	53	114
2021 October	62	61	123
2021 September	47	32	79
2021 August	54	39	93
2021 July	31	24	55
2021 June	34	25	59
2021 May	52	48	100
2021 April	176	79	255
2021 March	90	32	122
2021 February	81	23	104
2021 January	73	27	100
2020 December	50	22	72
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