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and a need for palliative care of some kind &#8211; the activation of specific plans therefore being necessary<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> &#40;Appendix <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0010">B</a>&#44; see Supplementary material&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the new populational paradigm&#44; the important and persistent barriers facing decision making regarding the adequacy of life support care &#40;ALSC&#41; and end-of-life care&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> which obliges intensivists to decide in this regard&#44; and in concordance with the Health Plan<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> of Catalonia&#44; we decided to be more proactive in detecting these patients&#44; conducting prognostic follow-up and seeking to ensure early detection of their predictable palliative needs&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this context&#44; over a period of 6 consecutive months and in all patients discharged from our ICU&#44; we determined whether they were identified as CCPs or ACCM&#44; and whether they had ISIP and&#47;or ADP&#46; If the patients were identified but did not have ISIP and&#47;or ADP&#44; interconsultation of the liaison nurse with the PCTs was made&#44; recording the time to implementation of the ISIP and&#47;or ADP&#46; In turn&#44; based on the NECPAL&#44; we identified those patients in need of palliative care&#44; reporting them to the LN to facilitate their identification as CCPs or ACCM and implementation of the ISIP and&#47;or ADP&#46; Lastly&#44; during one year of follow-up&#44; we checked how many patients were finally catalogued and whether they had their ISIP and&#47;or ADP&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of our center&#46; Since no interventions different from those of routine practice were involved&#44; informed consent from the patients or their representatives was not considered necessary&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the 471 discharged patients&#44; 24&#46;6&#37; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;116&#41; were NECPAL positive&#44; with a predominance of males &#40;66&#46;4&#37;&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;73&#41; and a mean age of 66&#46;3&#8239;&#177;&#8239;13 years&#46; The mortality rate at one year was 28&#46;9&#37; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;33&#41;&#46; Of all the subjects&#44; 16 &#40;13&#44;7&#37;&#41; were previously CCPs &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;14&#41; or ACCM &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#41;&#44; and 9 &#40;56&#46;2&#37;&#41; had their ISIP&#44; while only one of them moreover also had ADP&#46; After the year of follow-up and the pertinent LN interconsultations&#44; a total of 10 ISIP &#40;62&#46;5&#37;&#41; and 4 ADP had been established &#40;25&#37;&#41;&#46; Of the other 100 NECPAL positive patients at discharge&#44; information corresponding to the SCHC could not be obtained in 5 cases&#44; thus leaving 95 patients&#46; At one year&#44; 25&#46;2&#37; of them &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;24&#41; were catalogued as CCPs &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;20&#41; or ACCM &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;4&#41; by the PCTs&#44; though 75&#37; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;18&#41; had been catalogued as such at 6 months&#46; In this same period of time almost 60&#37; &#40;58&#46;3&#37;&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;14&#41; of the ISIP were established&#44; together with the only two ADPs registered during the entire year of follow-up &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Previous experiences with the NECPAL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> tool are available in other populations for detecting chronic patients with palliative care requirements&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and even in seeking to predict their mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> To our knowledge&#44; however&#44; this is the first time the mentioned tool is used to detect the palliative needs of patients at discharge from the ICU and to try to implicate the professionals of the PCTs&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although a range of scales have been validated in different populations to measure frailty&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> none of them have sufficient discriminating capacity to be universally used in the ICU&#46; Until such a tool becomes available&#44; the best approach is to use the scale that is most feasible in our setting and which allows us to make the best decisions regarding our patients&#46; In our healthcare setting it makes full sense to use the NECPAL&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> for in addition to already having been validated and allow multimodal assessment &#40;including comorbidities&#44; subjective aspects of demand or need for palliative care&#44; and clinical severity&#44; disease progression&#44; nutritional&#44; functional&#44; social&#44; emotional distress and resource utilization indicators&#41;&#44; it can be consulted and shared by means of the SCHC&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41; recommends addressing frailty&#44; individual preferences&#44; priorities and psychosocial resources&#44; and incorporation of the latter to the individualized planning of care&#44; since these factors influence individual patient quality of life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The few ADPs established initially and at one year of follow-up offer important room for improvement which we should take advantage of&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In view of its prognostic importance&#44; the detection of frailty should be incorporated to our routine clinical practice in order to adequately adjust life support management both upon admission to and at discharge from the ICU&#46; In addition&#44; this would allow us to implement early palliative care strategies and &#8211; where needed &#8211; to provide adequate end-of-life care&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Ferr&#233; C&#44; Canelles S&#44; Daniel X&#44; Rubio O&#44; Esteban F&#44; Pobo A&#46; Detecci&#243;n al alta de UCI de la fragilidad y necesidades paliativas del paciente cr&#237;tico en colaboraci&#243;n con atenci&#243;n primaria&#46; Med Intensiva&#46; 2022&#59;46&#58;101&#8211;103&#46;</p>"
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Scientific Letter
Detection of frailty and palliative needs from discharged critical care patients in collaboration with primary care
Detección al alta de UCI de la fragilidad y necesidades paliativas del paciente crítico en colaboración con atención primaria
C. Ferréa, S. Canellesa, X. Daniela, O. Rubiob, F. Estebana, A. Poboa,
Corresponding author
apobo.hj23.ics@gencat.cat

Corresponding author.
a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, University Rovira i Virgili, CIBERES, Tarragona, Spain
b Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Althaia Xarxa Universitària, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
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over a period of 6 consecutive months and in all patients discharged from our ICU&#44; we determined whether they were identified as CCPs or ACCM&#44; and whether they had ISIP and&#47;or ADP&#46; If the patients were identified but did not have ISIP and&#47;or ADP&#44; interconsultation of the liaison nurse with the PCTs was made&#44; recording the time to implementation of the ISIP and&#47;or ADP&#46; In turn&#44; based on the NECPAL&#44; we identified those patients in need of palliative care&#44; reporting them to the LN to facilitate their identification as CCPs or ACCM and implementation of the ISIP and&#47;or ADP&#46; Lastly&#44; during one year of follow-up&#44; we checked how many patients were finally catalogued and whether they had their ISIP and&#47;or ADP&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of our center&#46; Since no interventions different from those of routine practice were involved&#44; informed consent from the patients or their representatives was not considered necessary&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the 471 discharged patients&#44; 24&#46;6&#37; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;116&#41; were NECPAL positive&#44; with a predominance of males &#40;66&#46;4&#37;&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;73&#41; and a mean age of 66&#46;3&#8239;&#177;&#8239;13 years&#46; The mortality rate at one year was 28&#46;9&#37; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;33&#41;&#46; Of all the subjects&#44; 16 &#40;13&#44;7&#37;&#41; were previously CCPs &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;14&#41; or ACCM &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#41;&#44; and 9 &#40;56&#46;2&#37;&#41; had their ISIP&#44; while only one of them moreover also had ADP&#46; After the year of follow-up and the pertinent LN interconsultations&#44; a total of 10 ISIP &#40;62&#46;5&#37;&#41; and 4 ADP had been established &#40;25&#37;&#41;&#46; Of the other 100 NECPAL positive patients at discharge&#44; information corresponding to the SCHC could not be obtained in 5 cases&#44; thus leaving 95 patients&#46; At one year&#44; 25&#46;2&#37; of them &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;24&#41; were catalogued as CCPs &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;20&#41; or ACCM &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;4&#41; by the PCTs&#44; though 75&#37; &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;18&#41; had been catalogued as such at 6 months&#46; In this same period of time almost 60&#37; &#40;58&#46;3&#37;&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;14&#41; of the ISIP were established&#44; together with the only two ADPs registered during the entire year of follow-up &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Previous experiences with the NECPAL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> tool are available in other populations for detecting chronic patients with palliative care requirements&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and even in seeking to predict their mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> To our knowledge&#44; however&#44; this is the first time the mentioned tool is used to detect the palliative needs of patients at discharge from the ICU and to try to implicate the professionals of the PCTs&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although a range of scales have been validated in different populations to measure frailty&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> none of them have sufficient discriminating capacity to be universally used in the ICU&#46; Until such a tool becomes available&#44; the best approach is to use the scale that is most feasible in our setting and which allows us to make the best decisions regarding our patients&#46; In our healthcare setting it makes full sense to use the NECPAL&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> for in addition to already having been validated and allow multimodal assessment &#40;including comorbidities&#44; subjective aspects of demand or need for palliative care&#44; and clinical severity&#44; disease progression&#44; nutritional&#44; functional&#44; social&#44; emotional distress and resource utilization indicators&#41;&#44; it can be consulted and shared by means of the SCHC&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41; recommends addressing frailty&#44; individual preferences&#44; priorities and psychosocial resources&#44; and incorporation of the latter to the individualized planning of care&#44; since these factors influence individual patient quality of life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The few ADPs established initially and at one year of follow-up offer important room for improvement which we should take advantage of&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In view of its prognostic importance&#44; the detection of frailty should be incorporated to our routine clinical practice in order to adequately adjust life support management both upon admission to and at discharge from the ICU&#46; In addition&#44; this would allow us to implement early palliative care strategies and &#8211; where needed &#8211; to provide adequate end-of-life care&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Ferr&#233; C&#44; Canelles S&#44; Daniel X&#44; Rubio O&#44; Esteban F&#44; Pobo A&#46; Detecci&#243;n al alta de UCI de la fragilidad y necesidades paliativas del paciente cr&#237;tico en colaboraci&#243;n con atenci&#243;n primaria&#46; Med Intensiva&#46; 2022&#59;46&#58;101&#8211;103&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Progression over time of ISIP and ADP of the CCPs and ACCM during the year of follow-up&#46;</p> <p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PCC&#58; Paciente Cr&#243;nico Complejo&#59; MACA&#58; Enfermedad Cronicidad Avanzada&#59; PIIC&#58; Plan Intervenci&#243;n Individualizado Compartido&#59; PDA&#58; Planificaci&#243;n Decisiones Anticipadas&#46;</p>"
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