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and low level of pressure support ventilation &#40;PSV&#41; are the most common modes of SBT used in clinical practice but there is still no consensus on which of them are associated with better outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4&#44;7&#44;8</span></a> While some studies suggested that PSV is related to a higher proportion of successful extubation&#44; some meta-analysis advocate for the T-T method&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;7&#44;9&#44;10</span></a> Recently&#44; Li et al&#46;&#44; have also published a meta-analysis suggesting comparable predictive power of successful extubation between them in critically ill patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since loss of aeration and diaphragm dysfunction have been related to weaning failure&#44; they should be taken into account when evaluating an extubation attempt&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;21</span></a> Some authors evaluated the utility of electrical impedance tomography &#40;EIT&#41; to predict SBT failure during the weaning process&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a> Specifically&#44; EIT showed a significant decrease in tidal variation of impedance and end-expiratory lung volume after ventilator disconnection during a SBT&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a> In this regard&#44; SBT failure compared to success was characterized by a greater lung de-recruitment and more inhomogeneity of ventilation distribution measured by EIT&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Transthoracic lung ultrasound &#40;LUS&#41; is also a non-invasive&#44; radiation-free&#44; bedside tool&#44; that allows to detect the amount of lung aeration loss or derecruitment of the lung during the SBT and could be an accurate predictor of weaning failure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16&#44;22</span></a> Different studies agree that there is a greater lung derecruitment evaluated by LUS in patients who develop weaning failure after successfully pass the SBT &#40;both T-T and PSV&#41;&#44; in comparison with other who are successfully weaned&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#8211;18&#44;23</span></a> Moreover&#44; current literature have suggested that diaphragmatic ultrasonography &#40;DU&#41; could be an accurate tool to identify diaphragmatic dysfunction&#44; to monitor respiratory work-load and&#44; also&#44; to predict extubation failure during weaning from MV and SBT&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21&#44;24</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; heterogeneous results have been published and there are no recommendations on which SBT to use based on patient characteristics to achieve better outcomes&#46; Nevertheless&#44; differences in aeration between different SBT have not been compared&#44; so further investigation is needed to determine the best approach&#46; In that sense&#44; we hypothesized that both SBT&#44; T-T and PSV&#44; could generate different changes in aeration and respiratory drive which could be related to differences in successful extubation rates&#46; Therefore&#44; this study aimed to evaluate the changes in lung aeration evaluated with EIT and LUS&#44; and respiratory effort estimation using DU&#44; generated by two different SBT &#40;T-T vs PSV&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Study design</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is a prospective&#44; interventionist and randomized single center study&#44; conducted at the Critical Care Department of the Hospital del Mar in Barcelona&#44; between October 2017 and March 2020&#46; It was designed and conducted in accordance with the amended Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the PSMAR &#40;Hospital del Mar&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain&#44; number 2015&#47;6444&#47;I&#41;&#46; Informed consent was obtained from each patient or next of kin&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Patients and selection criteria</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit &#40;ICU&#41; undergoing MV for at least 24&#8239;h who were considered eligible for an SBT were included in the study&#46; SBT eligibility criteria are detailed in the Online Supplement and were based on previous literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The exclusion criteria were age &#60;18 years&#44; pregnancy&#44; neuromuscular disease&#44; presence of tracheostomy and patients with surgical incisions likely to interfere with ultrasound or impedance examination&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Study groups and definitions</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Enrolled patients were randomized in a 1&#58;1 ratio by using closed-envelope technique to the following groups&#58; &#40;1&#41; T-T&#58; 30-min SBT with T-piece&#44; or &#40;2&#41; PSV&#58; 30-min SBT with 8-cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O PSV and 5-cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O positive end expiratory pressure &#40;PEEP&#41;&#46; Oxygenation parameters remained unchanged from the mechanical ventilation period before the SBT and during the 30&#8239;min of trial in both groups&#46; The intervention was not blinded for the investigators or attending physicians&#46; Since one of the objectives was to assess the impact of both SBT strategies in aeration changes and outcomes after extubation&#44; patients who failed in the SBT were excluded&#46; In this regard&#44; SBT failure was considered when during the trial appeared at least one of the follows as described before<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#58; agitation&#44; anxiety or depressed mental status&#44; diaphoresis&#44; cyanosis&#44; respiratory rate &#40;RR&#41; greater than 35 breaths&#47;min&#44; use of accessory muscles&#44; dyspnea&#44; persistent decrease in oxygen saturation &#40;SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; by pulse oximetry &#60;90&#37; with inspiratory oxygen fraction &#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41;&#8239;&#8805;&#8239;0&#46;5&#44; heart rate &#40;HR&#41; above 140 beats&#47;min or greater than a 20&#37; increase from baseline&#44; systolic blood pressure &#40;SBP&#41; lower than 90&#8239;mmHg or higher than 180&#8239;mmHg&#44; or development of arrhythmia&#46; Failure in extubation was considered when reintubation or the use of any kind of non-invasive respiratory support &#40;NIRS&#41; after the extubation process due to acute respiratory failure &#40;ARF&#41; was needed within the first 48&#8239;h after extubation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;25&#44;26</span></a> Those decisions were left to the attending physicians who were blinded to the ultrasonographic neither EIT results&#46; Patients who required reintubation in the first 24&#8239;h for other reason than respiratory failure &#40;e&#46;g&#46; surgical intervention&#41; were also excluded&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Study protocol</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Online Supplement &#40;OS&#41; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0110">Fig&#46; 1</a> shows the study protocol followed in all the patients included in both groups&#46; Experimental procedures as electrical impedance &#40;EIT&#41; and ultrasonography &#40;LUS and DU measures&#41; were performed at inclusion before randomization &#40;Basal or BSL&#41; and one hour after orotracheal extubation &#40;OTE&#41;&#46; In the T-T group in which intrathoracic pressures changed by protocol during the SBT&#44; they were also performed at the end of the 30&#8239;min SBT &#40;EoSBT&#41;&#44; just before the extubation process&#46; In the PSV group&#44; these measurements were not repeated during the SBT since it was assumed no aeration changes when PEEP was maintained&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Electrical impedance tomography measurements &#40;EIT&#41;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">EIT was performed using the Swisstom BB<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#174; device &#40;Swisstom&#44; Landquart&#44; Switzerland&#41;&#46; The inner surface of the belt containing 32 electrodes &#40;SensorBelt&#174;&#44; Swisstom&#44; Landquart&#44; Switzerland&#41; was placed along the sixth intercostal space around the chest&#46; EIT data were continuously recorded and analysed offline using Swisstom&#8217;s EIT Data Analyser &#40;ibeX 1&#46;1&#44; Swisstom&#44; Landquart&#44; Switzerland&#41;&#46; EIT-derived parameters as end-expiratory lung impedance &#40;EELI&#41; and EELI variation &#40;&#916;EELI&#41; were measured following previous literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a> EELI variation between the different timepoints &#40;&#916;EELI or delta&#41; was also recorded and calculated as the EELI difference between the two analysed timepoints&#46; The percentage of variation &#40;&#916;&#37;EELI&#41; between two different timepoints was calculated as the &#916;EELI divided by the EELI value at the first timepoint and multiplied by 100&#46; Further details are shown in the Online Supplement&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Lung ultrasound measurements &#40;LUS&#41;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LUS was performed by trained operators using the Vivid I&#174; ultrasound device &#40;General Electric&#44; Fairfield&#44; CT&#44; USA&#41;&#46; Measurements were performed with a 3&#46;5&#8211;5&#8239;MHz convex probe&#46; Four quadrants of each hemithorax were examined &#40;anterior superior&#44; anterior inferior&#44; lateral superior and lateral inferior&#41; and each one was rated according to the aeration pattern evidenced as previously described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#58; 0&#8239;&#61;&#8239;normal aeration &#40;A lines or &#60;3 B lines&#41;&#59; 1&#8239;&#61;&#8239;moderate loss of aeration &#40;multiple B lines&#41;&#59; 2&#8239;&#61;&#8239;severe loss of aeration &#40;confluent B lines&#41;&#59; 3&#8239;&#61;&#8239;alveolar consolidation &#40;tissue pattern&#41; which correspond to complete loss of aeration&#46; The LUS score was obtained from the sum of all the quadrant rates&#44; ranging from 0 to 24&#46; LUS variation or delta &#40;&#916;LUS&#41; between different analysed timepoints was also recorded&#44; as well as percentage of variation &#40;&#916;&#37;LUS&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Diaphragm ultrasound measurements &#40;DU&#41;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">DU was performed by trained operators using the Vivid I&#174; ultrasound device &#40;General Electric&#44; Fairfield&#44; CT&#44; USA&#41; while patients were lying in a semi-recumbent position with the head of the bed elevated at an angle between 30&#186; and 45&#186;&#46; The images during forced breaths&#44; sighs and cough were excluded&#46; Images were recorded and analysed later by a trained blind investigator&#46; Diaphragm excursion &#40;DE&#41;&#44; thickening fraction &#40;TF&#41; and inspiratory time &#40;T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>&#41; were measured as previously described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;30</span></a> Further details are shown in the Online Supplement&#46; Variation of all these parameters between the different timepoints were also recorded again as delta &#40;&#916;DE&#44; &#916;TF&#44; &#916;T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Data collection</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At inclusion&#44; the following data were collected for each patient&#58; age&#44; gender&#44; body mass index &#40;BMI&#41;&#44; toxic habits&#44; comorbidities&#44; chronic treatment&#44; reason for admission to the ICU and severity scores such as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score &#40;APACHE II&#41; and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score &#40;SOFA&#41; at ICU admission&#46; ICU treatment&#44; ICU length of stay &#40;LOS&#41; until SBT&#44; duration of MV and ventilator parameters at inclusion were also recorded&#46; Physiological variables as RR&#44; SBP&#44; HR and SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> were registered at the three timeline points&#58; BSL&#44; EoSBT and OTE &#40;see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0110">supplementary material OS Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Need of NIRS as prophylaxis or treatment for ARF at the moment of OTE measurements &#91;non-invasive mechanical ventilation &#40;NIV&#41; or high-flow nasal cannula &#40;HFNC&#41;&#93; were also recorded&#44; as well as the need for reintubation&#46; Finally&#44; ICU LOS and ICU mortality were collected&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Statistical analyisis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the baseline descriptive analysis of the two study groups&#44; categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages&#46; Following the results of the Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnoff test&#44; continuous variables were expressed as means and standard deviation &#40;SD&#41; when the data followed a normal distribution&#44; or as medians and interquartile range &#40;IR 25&#44; 75&#37;&#41; otherwise&#46; The differences between groups were analysed with the chi-square test for categorical variables and Student&#8217;s t-test or Mann&#8211;Whitney U test for continuous variables&#46; Paired group analysis was used to compare EIT&#44; LUS and DU data between different timepoints&#46; Statistical significance was established at p&#8239;&#8804;&#8239;0&#46;05&#46; Data were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences 19&#46;0 &#40;IBM&#174; SPSS Stadystics&#174;&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41; for Windows&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Accepting an alpha risk of 0&#46;05 and a beta risk of 0&#46;2 in a two-sided test&#44; 28 subjects are necessary in first group and 28 in the second to recognize as statistically significant a difference greater than or equal to 4 units&#46; The common standard deviation is assumed to be 5&#46; It has been anticipated a drop-out rate of 10&#37;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">Results</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 58 patients were enrolled in the study&#46; Among them&#44; 43 were finally included&#44; 20 &#40;46&#37;&#41; being randomized to the T-T group and 23 &#40;53&#37;&#41; to the PSV group &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the principal characteristics of included patients&#46; Briefly&#44; there were no differences in demographic variables&#44; comorbidities and chronic treatment as well as&#44; in the reason for ICU admission&#44; severity scores&#44; and treatment received during ICU stay&#46; Furthermore&#44; no differences were found in extubation failure&#44; in the NIRS used after extubation &#40;used in almost 50&#37; of patients in each group&#41;&#44; ICU LOS&#44; or in-ICU mortality between groups&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No differences were found in physiological parameters &#40;RR&#44; SBP&#44; HR and SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; evaluated at any study timepoints between groups &#40;see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0110">supplementary material OS Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0170">Aeration changes</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aeration changes evidenced by EIT and LUS in the two SBT groups at the different protocol monitoring times are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#46; At baseline&#44; no significant differences were found in EELI nor LUS between PSV and T-T &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>A&#41;&#46; During the study period in both SBT groups&#44; EELI and LUS score showed a trend to loss of aeration &#40;trend to decrease EELI score and to increase LUS score&#41; from BSL to EoSBT and OTE in PSV and T-T although without differences between them &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>A&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>B shows the &#916;EELI and &#916;LUS between the different study timepoints in both study groups&#44; showing in all the cases a loss of aeration&#46; In the T-T group&#44; the greatest aeration loss occurred during the SBT period &#40;EELI and LUS&#41;&#46; Only differences between study groups in &#916;EELI between EoSBT and OTE were statistically significant&#44; showing higher loss of aeration in PSV compared to T-T &#91;&#8722;1992&#46;40 &#40;&#8722;3458&#46;76&#44; &#8722;5&#46;07&#41;&#8239;AU vs 48&#46;09 &#40;&#8722;1319&#46;71&#44; 1084&#46;07&#41;&#8239;AU&#44; p&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;027&#93; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>B&#41;&#46; Percentage of variation calculated between BSL and OTE&#44; was greater when LUS was used &#40;&#916;&#37;LUS 60&#46;6&#37;&#41; in comparison with EIT &#40;&#916;&#37;EELI 4&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; p&#8239;&#8804;&#8239;0&#46;001 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>C&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The subanalysis of aeration by groups of SBT regarding the use of NIRS &#40;NIV or HFNC&#41; at one-hour post-extubation is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0110">supplementary material OS Fig&#46; 2</a>&#46; There were no significant differences between groups according to receive NIRS at OTE&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0175">Diaphragmatic ultrasound measures</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a> shows the data of DU in both study groups at different timepoints &#40;DE&#44; TF and T<span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>&#41;&#46; There were no differences between any of them at baseline&#44; neither in the other timepoints &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>A&#41;&#46; However&#44; DE tended to decrease during extubation in both SBT groups&#44; coinciding with a loss of aeration&#46; During the weaning process&#44; the decrease trend in DE was greater in the T-T group&#46; Furthermore&#44; there were no differences regarding &#916;TF between SBT groups &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>B&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0180">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main findings of this study are that&#58; 1&#41; there are no differences between PSV and T-T in generating aeration loss measured by EIT and LUS&#44; and 2&#41; there are no differences between PSV and T-T regarding respiratory effort or tidal volume estimated using TF and DE respectively&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For this study and in order to assess changes in aeration and respiratory drive between two SBT strategies&#44; we used the two previously described with the greatest difference in respiratory effort and degree of demand between them&#58; T-piece and PSV with 5-cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O PEEP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8&#44;11&#44;31</span></a> In addition&#44; we performed the SBT during 30&#8239;min since no differences have been found between 30&#8239;min and longer duration &#40;120&#8239;min&#41; SBT on checking breathing capacity related to successful extubation rates&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;33</span></a> Supporting that&#44; in our study we observed that using the T-T test for 30&#8239;min there was no greater loss of aeration than PSV &#40;measured by EIT and LUS&#41;&#44; despite in this group the greatest aeration changes occurred during the SBT itself&#46; Moreover&#44; there were no differences in the estimated tidal volume with DE or estimated respiratory effort with TF&#44; compared to the PSV group&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Different studies have found significant lung derecruitment after an SBT based on both&#44; EIT or LUS as a tool to measure pulmonary aeration&#46; Those studies showed that lung derecruitment is greater among patients who develop weaning failure after successfully pass the SBT&#44; in comparison with patients who are successfully weaned&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14&#44;16&#44;17</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> In the present study&#44; we found a loss of aeration during the weaning process regardless the tool used to evaluate lung derecruitment&#44; or the SBT strategy used&#46; Until now&#44; there is no agreement in the literature regarding superiority of a specific SBT to others in determining extubation failure&#46; Although it has been suggested that SBT with a ventilator support could overestimate patients capability to maintain the cardiorespiratory load after extubation&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> we found no aeration differences between the two SBT during the weaning process&#46; However&#44; while we included a general population&#44; other studies as Cabello et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> included specific subpopulation of difficult-to-wean subjects with a high prevalence of left ventricular heart failure where ventilator support could have modified cardiovascular and respiratory response in comparation with T-piece&#46; Moreover&#44; our absence of differences in aeration between both SBT groups could also be explained by using a T-T of only 30&#8239;min duration&#44; as well as the small sample size&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Analyses at different study timepoints&#44; showed that the greatest aeration loss occurred in the T-T group was during the SBT period&#46; These results are in accordance with previous studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;25&#44;32</span></a> where only 30&#8239;min SBT allows discrimination of patients who are probably going to fail without producing a greater loss of aeration and could justify the benefit of a rest period with reconnection to the MV after a successful T-T trial before extubation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> Moreover&#44; we found a higher loss of aeration measured by EELI in PSV compared to T-piece between EoSBT and OTE&#44; probably related with the higher aeration loss during the SBT in the T-T group&#44; as commented&#46; That could also support findings of Subir&#224; et al&#46; who recommended a less demanding ventilation strategy during weaning trial to avoid delay on extubation in patients able to spontaneously breathe without the ventilator&#44; although without assessing pulmonary aeration&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition&#44; literature supports both&#44; EIT and LUS&#44; to measure pulmonary aeration&#46; However&#44; they have not been compared between them&#46; Our results showed that between BSL and OTE timepoints&#44; the &#916;&#37;LUS was greater than &#916;&#37;EELI which could reflect a higher sensitivity of LUS over EELI in order to detect loss of aeration&#46; This phenomenon could be explained by a greater number of thoracic regions evaluated using LUS&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Current literature suggests that DU could be an accurate tool to identify diaphragmatic contractility in patients under MV to predict extubation failure&#44; to measure loss of aeration through DE changes as an estimator of tidal volume&#44; as well as&#44; to monitor diaphragm effort&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;30&#44;36&#44;37</span></a> On the one hand&#44; DE performed during an SBT in intubated patients has proven to be useful to predict weaning failure&#46; In this regard&#44; the cut-off ranged from 10 to 14&#8239;mm during normal spontaneous breathing have been selected to diagnose diaphragmatic disfunction&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;38</span></a> On the other hand&#44; TF has shown significant correlation with invasive techniques such as oesophageal and transdiaphragmatic pressure monitoring &#40;the gold-standard to assess inspiratory diaphragmatic effort in mechanical ventilated patients&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36&#44;39</span></a> as well as to predict extubation failure during an SBT &#40;cut-off ranged between 30 and 36&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;37</span></a> In this line&#44; Xia et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> showed that patients with a greater loss of pulmonary aeration&#44; had increased diaphragmatic contractility&#44; indicating an additional respiratory effort to compensate lung volume loss&#46; In our study&#44; there were no differences in respiratory effort between groups&#44; in accordance with no differences in aeration loss&#46; Furthermore&#44; in the present study we observed that when MV were disconnected during the SBT in the T-T group&#44; DE decreased&#46; In fact&#44; excursion is directly proportional to inspired volume in both the supine and sitting position&#44; regardless of whether it depends on the force of the diaphragm contraction by itself or passive displacement by ventilator support pressure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Consequently&#44; in our study we observed that DE as an estimator of lung tidal volume&#44; tended to decrease with extubation&#44; suggesting a loss of aeration in both groups&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study has several limitations to consider&#46; First&#44; prophylactic use of NIV or HFNC after extubation was not protocolized&#44; but at the discretion of the treating physician&#46; Then&#44; it could have been used associated to patients with more comorbidities and higher risk factors for extubation failure&#46; Therefore&#44; since these are not homogeneous criteria&#44; the results of lung aeration could be influenced by the use of NIRS&#46; However&#44; in our cohort of patients&#44; there were no differences between groups regarding the use of NIRS after extubation and this would not be a confusion factor when comparing both strategies&#46; Second&#44; investigators and attending physicians were not blinded to weaning trial randomization group&#44; but clinicians were blinded to their results and clinical management was not affected by the result of the techniques&#46; Third&#44; although it was not the aim of this study&#44; the sample size and the study design did not allow conclusions to be drawn on clinically relevant outcomes such as weaning failure&#44; hospital mortality&#44; nor stratify aeration loss according to weaning failure&#46; Besides&#44; due to this study included general ICU patients&#44; the results could not be extrapolated to specific group of patients as difficult weaning population&#44; in whom SBT modality may have more clinical importance&#46; Finally&#44; this is an unicentric study with a limited number of included patients and further studies should be designed to generalize the results&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0185">Conclusions</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">T-piece and PSV as different strategies to perform SBT do not show differences in aeration loss&#44; nor estimated respiratory effort or tidal volume measured by EIT&#44; LUS and DU&#46; Further studies will be needed to evaluate the impact of those SBT strategies in a higher sample size to generalize these results&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0190">Author&#8217;s contributions</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RBC&#44; JMC and PPT conceived and designed the study&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RBC&#44; RM&#44; ID&#44; CC&#44; JMC and PPT&#44; contributed to patient and data recruitment&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RBC&#44; FJP&#44; JRM&#44; JMC and PPT made important intellectual contributions and actively participated in the interpretation of the data&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RBC wrote the paper&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">JMC and PPT done contributions to the writing and conceptual exposition of the results&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All authors contributed to critical examination of the paper for important intellectual content and approval of the final manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0195">Funding</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no funds&#44; grants&#44; or other support were received for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0200">Conflict of interest statements</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests relevant to this article to disclose&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0205">Ethics committee approval</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki&#44; and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the PSMAR &#40;Hospital del Mar&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain&#44; number 2015&#47;6444&#47;I&#41;&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            2 => "Aireaci&#243;n pulmonar"
            3 => "Ecograf&#237;a pulmonar"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To assess the changes in lung aeration and respiratory effort generated by two different spontaneous breathing trial &#40;SBT&#41;&#58; T-piece &#40;T-T&#41; vs pressure support ventilation &#40;PSV&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Design</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prospective&#44; interventionist and randomized study&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Setting</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Intensive Care Unit &#40;ICU&#41; of Hospital del Mar&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Participants</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Forty-three ventilated patients for at least 24&#8239;h and considered eligible for an SBT were included in the study between October 2017 and March 2020&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Interventions</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">30-min SBT with T-piece &#40;T-T group&#44; 20 patients&#41; or 8-cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O PSV and 5-cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O positive end expiratory pressure &#40;PSV group&#44; 23 patients&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Main variables of interest</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographics&#44; clinical data&#44; physiological variables&#44; lung aeration evaluated with electrical impedance tomography &#40;EIT&#41; and lung ultrasound &#40;LUS&#41;&#44; and respiratory effort using diaphragmatic ultrasonography &#40;DU&#41; were collected at different timepoints&#58; basal &#40;BSL&#41;&#44; end of SBT &#40;EoSBT&#41; and one hour after extubation &#40;OTE&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Results</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There were a loss of aeration measured with EIT and LUS in the different study timepoints&#44; without statistical differences from BSL to OTE&#44; between T-T and PSV &#91;LUS&#58; 3 &#40;1&#44; 5&#46;5&#41;&#8239;AU vs 2 &#40;1&#44; 3&#41;&#8239;AU&#59; p&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;088&#59; EELI&#58; &#8722;2516&#46;41 &#40;&#8722;5871&#46;88&#44; 1090&#46;46&#41;&#8239;AU vs &#8722;1992&#46;4 &#40;&#8722;3458&#46;76&#44; &#8722;5&#46;07&#41;&#8239;AU&#59; p&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;918&#93;&#46; Percentage of variation between BSL and OTE&#44; was greater when LUS was used compared to EIT &#40;68&#46;1&#37; vs 4&#46;9&#37;&#44; p&#8239;&#8804;&#8239;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Diaphragmatic excursion trend to decrease coinciding with a loss of aeration during extubation&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">T-T and PSV as different SBT strategies in ventilated patients do not show differences in aeration loss&#44; nor estimated respiratory effort or tidal volume measured by EIT&#44; LUS and DU&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar los cambios de aireaci&#243;n pulmonar y esfuerzo respiratorio generados por dos pruebas de respiraci&#243;n espont&#225;nea &#40;PRE&#41; diferentes&#58; tubo en T &#40;T-T&#41; frente a ventilaci&#243;n con presi&#243;n soporte &#40;PS&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo&#44; intervencionista y aleatorizado&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">&#193;mbito</span><p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos &#40;UCI&#41; del Hospital del Mar&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Participantes</span><p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cuarenta y tres pacientes ventilados durante al menos 24&#8239;horas y considerados elegibles para una PRE fueron incluidos en el estudio entre octubre de 2017 y marzo de 2020&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Intervenciones</span><p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PRE de 30&#8239;minutos con T-T &#40;20 pacientes&#41; o PS de 8&#8239;cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O y presi&#243;n positiva al final de la espiraci&#243;n de 5&#8239;cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O &#40;23 pacientes&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Variables de inter&#233;s principales</span><p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; cl&#237;nicos&#44; variables fisiol&#243;gicas&#44; aireaci&#243;n pulmonar evaluada con tomograf&#237;a de impedancia el&#233;ctrica &#40;EIT&#41; y ecograf&#237;a pulmonar &#40;LUS&#41; y esfuerzo respiratorio mediante ultrasonograf&#237;a diafragm&#225;tica &#40;DU&#41; en diferentes momentos&#58; basal &#40;BSL&#41;&#44; final de SBT &#40;EoSBT&#41; y una hora post-extubaci&#243;n &#40;OTE&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Resultados</span><p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hubo p&#233;rdida de aireaci&#243;n medida con EIT y LUS en los diferentes tiempos de estudio&#44; sin diferencias estad&#237;sticas de BSL a OTE&#44; entre T-T y PS &#91;LUS&#58; 3 &#40;1&#44; 5&#46;5&#41;&#8239;AU vs 2 &#40;1&#44; 3&#41;&#8239;AU&#59; p&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;088&#59; EELI&#58; &#8722;2516&#46;41 &#40;&#8722;5871&#46;88&#44; 1090&#46;46&#41;&#8239;AU vs &#8722;1992&#46;4 &#40;&#8722;3458&#46;76&#44; &#8722;5&#46;07&#41;&#8239;AU&#59; p&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;918&#93;&#46; El porcentaje de variaci&#243;n entre BSL y OTE fue mayor cuando se utiliz&#243; LUS en comparaci&#243;n con EIT &#40;68&#46;1&#37; vs 4&#46;9&#37;&#44; p&#8239;&#8804;&#8239;0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La excursi&#243;n diafragm&#225;tica tiende a disminuir coincidiendo con una p&#233;rdida de aireaci&#243;n durante la extubaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">T-T y PS como estrategias de PRE en pacientes ventilados no muestran diferencias en la p&#233;rdida de aireaci&#243;n&#44; ni en el esfuerzo respiratorio estimado ni en el volumen corriente medido por EIT&#44; LUS y DU&#46;</p></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diaphragm ultrasound measurements by SBT groups &#40;A&#41; and delta diaphragm thickening fraction by SBT &#40;B&#41;&#46;</p> <p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PSV&#58; pressure support ventilation&#59; T-T&#58; T-piece trial&#59; BSL&#58; basal&#59; EoSBT&#58; end of spontaneous breathing trial&#59; OTE&#58; one hour after orotracheal extubation&#59; TF&#58; diaphragm thickening fraction&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0020"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data expressed as frequencies and percentages &#40;n &#40;&#37;&#41;&#41; or mean &#40;SD&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; SBT&#58; spontaneous breathing trial&#59; T-T&#58; T-piece&#59; PSV&#58; pressure support ventilation&#59; BMI&#58; body mass index&#59; COPD&#58; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#59; APACHE II&#58; Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II&#59; SOFA&#58; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment&#59; ICU&#58; Intensive Care Unit&#59; LOS&#58; length of stay&#59; MV&#58; mechanical ventilation&#59; NIRS&#58; non-invasive respiratory support&#59; ARF&#58; acute respiratory failure&#59; OTE&#58; one hour after orotracheal extubation&#59; NIV&#58; non-invasive mechanical ventilation&#59; HFNC&#58; high-flownasal cannula&#59; LOS&#58; length of stay&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">T-T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">PSV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p-Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Demographics</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age&#44; years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60 &#40;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58 &#40;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;654&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Gender &#40;male&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;45&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;65&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;183&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BMI&#44; kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#46;6 &#40;4&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;3 &#40;7&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;152&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Toxic habits&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Current or former smoker&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;75&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;52&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;122&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Current alcoholism&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;25&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;17&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;541&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Comorbidities&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hypertension&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;35&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;34&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;988&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Liver disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;25&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;21&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;801&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diabetes mellitus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;20&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;17&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;826&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">COPD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;25&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;13&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;315&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Obesity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;15&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;17&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;832&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Neurological disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;20&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;13&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;538&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Heart failure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;17&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;206&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Endocrinological disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;20&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;4&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;110&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mental illness&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;15&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;8&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;520&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Coronary artery disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;8&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;883&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chronic kidney disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;8&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;177&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VIH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;120&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Asthma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;4&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;345&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Chronic treatment&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Corticosteroids&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;20&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;17&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;826&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Statins&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;15&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;21&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;571&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Insulin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;278&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Reason for ICU admission&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;687&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Neurologic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;35&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;43&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Acute respiratory failure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;30&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;39&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Shock&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;8&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Intoxication&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;15&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;4&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cardiologic&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;4&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Severity scores at admission</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">APACHE II score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;180&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SOFA score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;521&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">ICU treatment&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Corticosteroids&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;50&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;56&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;669&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Neuromuscular blockers&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;17&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;485&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Insulin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;8&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;883&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Patients&#8217; evolution</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ICU LOS until SBT&#44; days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;472&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Time from MV starting until SBT&#44; days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;101&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Extubation failure&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;15&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;8&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;650&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reintubation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NIRS due to ARF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;8&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">NIRS at OTE measurement&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;50&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;47&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;948&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NIV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;8&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HFNC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;40&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;39&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Outcomes</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ICU LOS&#44; days&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;584&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ICU mortality&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;8&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Baseline characteristics of included patients regarding the study group&#46;</p>"
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    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:40 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Characteristics and outcomes in adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Esteban"
                            1 => "A&#46; Anzueto"
                            2 => "F&#46; Frutos"
                            3 => "L&#46; Brochard"
                            4 => "T&#46;E&#46; Stewart"
                            5 => "S&#46; Benito"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.287.3.345"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "287"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "345"
                        "paginaFinal" => "355"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11790214"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Weaning from mechanical ventilation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Boles"
                            1 => "J&#46; Bion"
                            2 => "A&#46; Connors"
                            3 => "M&#46; Herridge"
                            4 => "B&#46; Marsh"
                            5 => "C&#46; Melot"
                          ]
                        ]
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        "identificador" => "xack770306"
        "titulo" => "Acknowledgments"
        "texto" => "<p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acknowledgments to Marta Gas and all the healthcare personnel &#40;physicians&#44; nurses&#44; auxiliaries and the entire logistical team involved&#41; for their dedication and commitment in helping to collect the data that have made this study possible&#46; This research will be part of the doctoral thesis of one of the coauthors&#46; We thank the Department of Medicine of the Universitat Aut&#242;noma de Barcelona for the logistical support for its development&#46;</p>"
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