Point of view
Role of ultrasound in the nutritional assessment of critically ill patients
Papel de la ultrasonografía en la valoración nutricional del paciente crítico
a Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Read
701
Timeswas read the article
258
Total PDF
443
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S2173572723002539" "issn" => "21735727" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medine.2023.12.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-04-01" "aid" => "1959" "copyright" => "The Author(s)" "copyrightAnyo" => "2023" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2024;48:235-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0210569123003637" "issn" => "02105691" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medin.2023.11.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-04-01" "aid" => "1959" "copyright" => "The Author(s)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2024;48:235-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Punto de vista</span>" "titulo" => "Papel de la ultrasonografía en la valoración nutricional del paciente crítico" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "235" "paginaFinal" => "237" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Role of ultrasonography in the nutritional assessment of the critically ill patient" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1204 "Ancho" => 1675 "Tamanyo" => 228663 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Elastografía: corte transversal del músculo recto femoral en paciente de 55<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>años con fallo multiorgánico que muestra, en la parte inferior de la imagen, las cifras de kilopascales que traducen rigidez muscular en varias regiones de interés (ROI) (círculos rosas). Se visualiza líquido interfascial e intramuscular.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Carmen Rosa Hernández Socorro, Sergio Ruiz Santana" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carmen Rosa" "apellidos" => "Hernández Socorro" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sergio" "apellidos" => "Ruiz Santana" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173572723002539" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medine.2023.12.001" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572723002539?idApp=WMIE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210569123003637?idApp=WMIE" "url" => "/02105691/0000004800000004/v1_202403270556/S0210569123003637/v1_202403270556/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S2173572723001947" "issn" => "21735727" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medine.2023.11.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-04-01" "aid" => "1944" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and SEMICYUC" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2024;48:238-40" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>" "titulo" => "Effect of vitamin C, thiamine and hydrocortisone in critically ill septic patients. The Metabolic Resus RCT" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "238" "paginaFinal" => "240" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Efecto de la vitamina C, tiamina e hidrocortisona en pacientes críticos sépticos" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1342 "Ancho" => 2091 "Tamanyo" => 123702 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0380" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Kaplan-Meier survival curve comparing treatment <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>. control group (NS).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Juliana Gonzalez Londoño, Claudia Vera Ching, Patricia Sebastian Cernuda, Josep Miquel Morales Pedrosa, Carol Lorencio, Josep-Maria Sirvent" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juliana" "apellidos" => "Gonzalez Londoño" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Claudia" "apellidos" => "Vera Ching" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Patricia" "apellidos" => "Sebastian Cernuda" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Josep Miquel" "apellidos" => "Morales Pedrosa" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carol" "apellidos" => "Lorencio" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Josep-Maria" "apellidos" => "Sirvent" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572723001947?idApp=WMIE" "url" => "/21735727/0000004800000004/v1_202403290634/S2173572723001947/v1_202403290634/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:17 [ "pii" => "S2173572723002023" "issn" => "21735727" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medine.2023.11.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-04-01" "aid" => "1953" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Med Intensiva. 2024;48:231-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Point of view</span>" "titulo" => "GREEN ICU: responsible and sustainable ICU" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "231" "paginaFinal" => "234" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "GREEN ICU: UCI responsable y sostenble" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2215 "Ancho" => 2953 "Tamanyo" => 496347 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Approach to Green ICU-4P.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Irene Salinas Gabiña, M. José Pita López" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Irene Salinas" "apellidos" => "Gabiña" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "José Pita López" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572723002023?idApp=WMIE" "url" => "/21735727/0000004800000004/v1_202403290634/S2173572723002023/v1_202403290634/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Point of view</span>" "titulo" => "Role of ultrasound in the nutritional assessment of critically ill patients" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "235" "paginaFinal" => "237" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Carmen Rosa Hernández-Socorro, Sergio Ruiz-Santana" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Carmen Rosa" "apellidos" => "Hernández-Socorro" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "chersoc@gobiernodecanarias.org" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Sergio" "apellidos" => "Ruiz-Santana" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Papel de la ultrasonografía en la valoración nutricional del paciente crítico" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1204 "Ancho" => 1675 "Tamanyo" => 228663 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Elastography: cross-sectional view of the rectus femoris muscle in a 55-year-old patient with multiple organ failure showing kilopascal values that translate into muscle stiffness in various regions of interest (ROIs) (pink circles) at the bottom of the image. The presence of interfascial and intramuscular fluid becomes evidente here too.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">point of view</span>, the implementation of muscular and diaphragmatic ultrasound is proposed for diagnosis purposes and nutritional therapy in critical patients.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The assessment of body composition, both at admission and during the length of ICU stay is a crucial process that must be performed to determine, along with severity scores, the survival possibilities of these patients. In fact, promising scores such as the Nutri-score, developed with the intention of identifying patients who would require more “aggressive” nutritional support, included traditional assessment parameters, such as the Apache II or SOFA scores, which eventually helped determine the most appropriate therapies, especially for critically ill patients with a grim prognosis and metabolic stress at admission. These patients clearly needed nutritional therapy in accordance with the latest national or international guidelines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However, the issue of body composition in our patients persisted, and the medical literature available often referred to the “gold standard,” which was the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) initially described generically for malnourished patients by Detsky and later applied to various diseases, including critical ill patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Then, came the GLIM criteria for malnutrition elaborated by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, including 2 of its etiological criteria that almost all of our patients meet (reduced intake or inflammation), and 2 phenotypic criteria that our patients can also present at admission: weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced muscle mass.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Initially, the detailed reading of the GLIM criteria included, among the etiological criteria, diagnostic methods to assess the musculoskeletal mass. However, the ultrasound analysis of muscle mass was conspicuously absent. In addition to the more traditional anthropometric measurements, other methods were proposed, such as computed tomography, typically at L3 level, or magnetic resonance imaging, typically at L2-L3 level, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)—of limited use—in critical patients. However, a “working group” was created, and in a subsequent publication, they included what many of us were already doing and hoping to see: the inclusion of muscular ultrasound among these globally disseminated criteria.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand, a very interesting study was published that validated the GLIM criteria with a good area under the ROC curve of 0.85 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> <  .001), comparing these criteria, among others, with SGA in critical patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> This, along with the studies conducted by Puthucheary et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> using ultrasound and muscle biopsies, mainly in the rectus femoris muscle, which correlated their findings in critical patients, along with studies on the loss of diaphragmatic muscle thickness and decreased diaphragm excursion with ultrasound control,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> completely changed the landscape of body composition assessment in our patients, both during the ICU admission and during their course of care.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study examined the loss of mass and function in various muscles, and as expected, the use of ultrasound began to be standardized in these patients. Initially, the ultrasound was primarily focused on assessing the loss of muscle mass. However, its focus gradually shifted towards assessing the quality of the muscle tissue.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> We have transitioned from considering muscular ultrasound in critically ill patients as a “promising technique” to a routine clinical tool in real-world scenarios, both at the ICU admission and during the patient's disease progression to adapt nutritional therapy to our patients’ ever-changing needs. Additionally, recent medical literature from various international research groups has been discussing the use of muscular ultrasound as a key tool to assess the therapeutic decisions made in the context of critically ill patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, we have described and implemented highly innovative ultrasound techniques for critical patients with excellent diagnostic capabilities. However, they are still underused and further implementation is required.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> A clear example of this is the use of the “M-mode” ultrasound to analyze muscle fasciculations, color Doppler, the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to study muscle perfusion, and the visualization of microvascularization using special software (SMI) to demonstrate muscle flow unseen with color Doppler, or the use of elastography to assess muscle elasticity or rigidity in the diagnosis and follow-up of critical patients, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.972 (95%CI, 0.916–1) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The current problem is how, who, and what can be done to implement the so-called “nutritional ultrasound” in settings other than ICU setting. The “how” can only be answered with training. Training courses for this type of ultrasound exist and have become a common thing. However, they are still scarce in our field, mainly due to the lack of teachers who are knowledgeable of the techniques and have enough training to disseminate them.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The “who” is more complex and depends on the level of interest of each center and development of these ultrasound techniques. Dietitians in other countries are already adding ultrasound measurements of muscle mass loss, along with other traditional anthropometric measurements. In other contexts, it will be radiologists, ultrasound experts, or physicians from several specialties the health professionals involved. In our country, endocrinologists, geriatricians, or internists are the ones often involved in the implementation of the so-called “nutritional ultrasound”. However, we believe that it is a highly operator-dependent technique, being radiologists the most experienced ones because they can implement the new aforementioned qualitative muscle methods, which have a significant impact not only on diagnosis but also on prognosis and the patient's disease progression.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, muscular ultrasound, primarily of the rectus femoris and diaphragm muscles, whether to consider the possibility of weaning from mechanical ventilation or to initiate or make evolutionary adjustments of nutritional therapy, has already been standardized and is definitely here to stay. It is with this perspective in mind that we wish a “long life” to muscular ultrasound and a rapid implementation in critical patients.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1204 "Ancho" => 1675 "Tamanyo" => 228663 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Elastography: cross-sectional view of the rectus femoris muscle in a 55-year-old patient with multiple organ failure showing kilopascal values that translate into muscle stiffness in various regions of interest (ROIs) (pink circles) at the bottom of the image. The presence of interfascial and intramuscular fluid becomes evidente here too.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Identifying critically ill patients who benefit the most from nutrition therapy: the development and initial validation of a novel risk assessment tool" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "D.K. Heyland" 1 => "R. Dhaliwal" 2 => "X. Jiang" 3 => "A.G. Day" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/cc10546" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Crit Care." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "15" "numero" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "R268" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22085763" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "What is subjective global assessment of nutritional status?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.S. Detsky" 1 => "J.R. McLaughlin" 2 => "J.P. Baker" 3 => "N. Johnston" 4 => "S. Whittaker" 5 => "R.A. Mendelson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1177/014860718701100108" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "11" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "8" "paginaFinal" => "13" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3820522" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "GLIM Core Leadership Committee, GLIM Working Group. GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition — a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T. Cederholm" 1 => "G.L. Jensen" 2 => "M.I.T.D. Correia" 3 => "M.C. Gonzalez" 4 => "R. Fukushima" 5 => "T. Higashiguchi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/jcsm.12383" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "10" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "207" "paginaFinal" => "217" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30920778" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guidance for assessment of the muscle mass phenotypic criterion for the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition diagnosis of malnutrition" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Compher" 1 => "T. Cederholm" 2 => "M.I.T.D. Correia" 3 => "M.C. Gonzalez" 4 => "T. Higashiguch" 5 => "H.P. Shi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/jpen.2366" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr" "fecha" => "2022" "volumen" => "46" "numero" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "1232" "paginaFinal" => "1242" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35437785" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Validation of GLIM malnutrition criteria for diagnosis of malnutrition in ICU patients: an observational study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Theilla" 1 => "S. Rattanachaiwong" 2 => "I. Kagan" 3 => "M. Rigler" 4 => "I. Bendavid" 5 => "P. Singer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.021" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Nutr" "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "40" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "3578" "paginaFinal" => "3584" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33413910" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute skeletal muscle wasting in critical illness" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "Z.A. Puthucheary" 1 => "J. Rawal" 2 => "M. McPhail" 3 => "B. Connolly" 4 => "G. Ratnayake" 5 => "P. Chan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2013.278481" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "310" "numero" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "1591" "paginaFinal" => "1600" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24108501" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Methodological and clinimetric evaluation of inspiratory respiratory muscle ultrasound in the critical care setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D. Truong" 1 => "S. Abo" 2 => "G.A. Whish-Wilson" 3 => "A.N. D’Souza" 4 => "L.J. Beach" 5 => "S. Mathur" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/CCM.0000000000005739" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2023" "volumen" => "51" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "e24" "paginaFinal" => "e36" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36661463" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Assessment of muscle wasting in long-stay ICU patients using a new ultrasound protocol" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C.R. Hernández-Socorro" 1 => "P. Saavedra" 2 => "J.C. López-Fernández" 3 => "S. Ruiz-Santana" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3390/nu10121849" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nutrients" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "10" "numero" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "1849" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of intermittent or continuous feed on muscle wasting in critical illness: a phase 2 clinical trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.S. McNelly" 1 => "D.E. Bear" 2 => "B.A. Connolly" 3 => "G. Arbane" 4 => "L. Allum" 5 => "A. Tarbhai" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.045" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "158" "paginaInicial" => "183" "paginaFinal" => "194" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32247714" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Novel high-quality sonographic methods to diagnose muscle wasting in long-stay critically ill patients: shear wave elastography, superb microvascular imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "C.R. Hernández-Socorro" 1 => "P. Saavedra" 2 => "J.C. López-Fernández" 3 => "F. Lübbe-Vazquez" 4 => "S. Ruiz-Santana" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3390/nu13072224" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nutrients" "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "2224" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34209526" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735727/0000004800000004/v1_202403290634/S2173572723002539/v1_202403290634/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "402" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Point of view" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735727/0000004800000004/v1_202403290634/S2173572723002539/v1_202403290634/en/main.pdf?idApp=WMIE&text.app=https://medintensiva.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173572723002539?idApp=WMIE" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 2024 October | 67 | 48 | 115 |
| 2024 September | 58 | 36 | 94 |
| 2024 August | 119 | 49 | 168 |
| 2024 July | 63 | 33 | 96 |
| 2024 June | 53 | 32 | 85 |
| 2024 May | 74 | 56 | 130 |
| 2024 April | 7 | 1 | 8 |
