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Available online 12 July 2024
Implications of opioid-sparing medications in critically ill patients: A scoping review
Implicaciones de los medicamentos ahorradores de opioides en pacientes críticos: una revisión exploratoria
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Gabriella Gambadoroa, Brian J. Koppb, Brian L. Erstadc,
Corresponding author
erstad@pharmacy.arizona.edu

Corresponding author.
a Critical Care Pharmacist, Banner – University Medical Center, 1625 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
b Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Surgical-Trauma ICU, Banner – University Medical Center, 1625 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
c Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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Table 1. Characteristics of Included Studies.
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Abstract
Objective

The purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate literature involving opioid-sparing medications in critically ill patients with a focus on clinically meaningful outcomes.

Design

Scoping review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.

Setting

Intensive care unit.

Patients or participants

Adult patients in an intensive care unit setting.

Interventions

None.

Main variables of interest

PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched from October 1, 2019 to June 1, 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of randomized controlled trials evaluating adjunctive analgesic use in adult patients in an intensive care unit setting.

Results

There were 343 citations and titles identified in the initial search, with 328 remaining after removal of duplicates, 294 excluded at title and abstract screening, 34 available for full text review, and six included in the scoping review. Most studies reported modest reductions in opioid use as a secondary endpoint. Improvement in clinical outcomes such as reduction in duration of mechanical ventilation or delirium were reported in two trials with dexmedetomidine.

Conclusions

In recently published trials of adjunctive agents in critically ill patients, opioid-sparing effects were small. Data to support improvements in clinical outcomes remains limited.

Keywords:
Opioid sparing
Critically ill
Pain control
Resumen
Objectivo

El propósito de esta revisión de alcance fue evaluar la literatura sobre medicamentos ahorradores de opioides en pacientes críticos con un enfoque en resultados clínicamente significativos.

Diseño

Revisión de alcance utilizando los elementos de informes preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y la extensión de metanálisis para revisiones de alcance.

Ámbito

Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos.

Pacientes o participantes

Pacientes adultos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos.

Intervenciones

Ninguno.

Variables de interés principales

Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed y Cochrane Library desde el 1 de octubre de 2019 hasta el 1 de junio de 2023. Los criterios de inclusión consistieron en ensayos controlados aleatorios que evaluaron el uso de analgésicos complementarios en pacientes adultos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos.

Resultados

Se identificaron 343 citas y títulos en la búsqueda inicial, 328 restantes después de la eliminación de duplicados, 294 excluidas en la selección de títulos y resúmenes, 34 disponibles para revisión del texto completo y seis incluidas en la revisión de alcance. La mayoría de los estudios informaron reducciones modestas en el uso de opioides como criterio de valoración secundario. En dos ensayos con dexmedetomidina se informaron mejoras en los resultados clínicos, como la reducción de la duración de la ventilación mecánica o el delirio.

Conclusiones

En ensayos publicados recientemente sobre agentes complementarios en pacientes críticamente enfermos, los efectos ahorradores de opioides fueron pequeños. Los datos que respaldan las mejoras en los resultados clínicos siguen siendo limitados.

Palabras clave:
Ahorro de opioides
Críticamente enfermo
Control de dolor

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