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Available online 23 June 2025
Left ventricular systolic function and mechanical ventilation weaning failure: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Función sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo y fracaso en el weaning de la ventilación mecánica: una revisión sistemática actualizada y un metanálisis con análisis secuencial de ensayos
Cristina Santonocitoa, Simone Messinaa,b, Mateusz Zawadkac, Pruszczyk Andrzejd, Elena Bignamie, Andrea Morellif, Sabino Scollettag, Alberto Notoh, Filippo Sanfilippoa,i,,
Corresponding author
filipposanfi@yahoo.it

Corresponding author.
a Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, A.O.U. "Policlinico-San Marco", 95123 Catania, Italy
b School of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
c 2ndDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
d Department of Radiation Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
e Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
f Department of Internal Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome, “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
g Department of Urgency and Emergency, of Organ Transplantation, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
h Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino", University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
i Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Received 16 February 2025. Accepted 19 May 2025
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Table 1. Summary of characteristics of included studies. Results are indicated as mean ± standard deviation or as median, interquartile range.
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Table 2. Comparison of the findings of the previous metanalysis and the present update. Results of the previous work are reported as standardized mean difference (SMD), whilst resuls of the current update are expressed in terms of Mean Difference (MD).
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Abstract
Objective

The impact of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction on weaning failure is unclear.

Design

Updated meta-analysis assessing the association between LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and weaning failure.

Setting

A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE for prospective studies reporting weaning according to echocardiographic data measured before starting a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT).

Patients or participants

Studies included in the meta-analysis that reported on weaning and echocardiographic data.

Main variables of interest

LVEF, E/e’ ratio, E velocity, deceleration time of the E wave, and e’ velocity.

Results

Three studies were added in this update (n = 14, sample 20–30% larger). Lower LVEF (n = 12) was associated with weaning failure: MD: −4.71 95%CI [−9.18, −0.23]; p = 0.04, I2 = 90%, low certainty of evidence), without subgroups difference according to SBT type or LVEF mean values. Trial sequential analysis showed that results were not robust (information size n = 745/1378). E/e’ ratio (MD: 1.90, 95%CI [0.48,3.32]; p = 0.009, I2 = 84%), E velocity (MD: 8.32, 95%CI [2.59,14.05]; p = 0.004, I2 = 54%) and shorter deceleration time of the E wave (MD: −12.01, 95%CI [−21.13, −2.89]; p = 0.01, I2 = 0%) were associated with weaning failure, whilst e’ velocity was not (MD: -0.59, 95%CI [−1.51,0.32]; p = 0.20, I2 = 64%).

Conclusions

An association of weaning failure with poorer LV systolic function (LVEF), not detected by the previous meta-analysis, was found. However, such association is highly fragile and with a mean difference below 5%, which seems not clinically relevant. Higher E/e’ ratio and other diastolic parameters confirmed their association with weaning failure, whilst e’ did not.

Keywords:
Extubation
Reintubation
Critical care echocardiography
Spontaneous breathing trial
Pressure support ventilation
T-tube trial
Resumen
Objetivo

El impacto de la disfunción sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo (VI) en el fracaso en el weaning de la ventilación mecánica en el paciente crítico no está claro.

Diseño

Metanálisis actualizado que evalúa la asociación entre la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) y el fracaso del destete.

Ámbito

Búsqueda sistemática en MEDLINE y EMBASE de estudios prospectivos que reportaran el destete según datos ecocardiográficos medidos antes de iniciar una prueba de respiración espontánea (PRE).

Pacientes o participantes

Estudios incluidos en el metanálisis que informaron sobre el destete y los datos ecocardiográficos.

Variables de interés principales

FEVI, relación E/e’, velocidad de la onda E, tiempo de desaceleración de la onda E y velocidad e’.

Resultados

Se añadieron tres estudios en esta actualización (n = 14, muestra un 20-30% mayor). Una menor FEVI (n = 12) se asoció con el fracaso del destete: MD: -4,71 IC95%[-9,18,-0,23]; p = 0,04, I² = 90%, con baja certeza de la evidencia), sin diferencias entre subgrupos según el tipo de PRE o los valores medios de FEVI. El análisis secuencial de ensayos mostró que los resultados no eran robustos (tamaño de información n = 745/1378). La relación E/e’ (MD: 1,90, IC95% [0,48,3,32]; p = 0,009, I² = 84%), la velocidad de la onda E (MD: 8,32, IC95% [2,59,14,05]; p = 0,004, I² = 54%) y un menor tiempo de desaceleración de la onda E (MD: -12,01, IC95% [-21,13,-2,89]; p = 0,01, I² = 0%) se asociaron con el fracaso del destete, mientras que la velocidad e’ no lo hizo (MD: -0,59, IC95% [-1,51,0,32]; p = 0,20, I² = 64%).

Conclusiones

Encontramos una asociación entre el fracaso del destete y una peor función sistólica del VI (FEVI), no detectada en el metanálisis previo. Sin embargo, dicha asociación es altamente frágil y con una diferencia media inferior al 5%, lo que parece no ser clínicamente relevante. La relación E/e’ y otros parámetros diastólicos confirmaron su asociación con el fracaso del destete, mientras que la velocidad e’ no lo hizo.

Palabras clave:
Extubación
Reintubación
Ecocardiografía en cuidados críticos
Prueba de respiración espontánea
Ventilación con soporte de presión
Prueba en tubo en T

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