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          "es" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagrama de pacientes con ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva ingresados a el estudio&#46;</p> <p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">npVMI&#58; ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica no prolongada&#59; pVMI&#58; ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva prolongada&#59; UCIP&#58; Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Pedi&#225;trico&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El fallo respiratorio agudo &#40;FRA&#41; es una causa frecuente de ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Pedi&#225;trica &#40;UCIP&#41; y entre el 35 y el 64&#37; de estos pacientes requieren ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva &#40;VMI&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46; Estudios recientes han demostrado que entre el 25 y el 34&#37; de los pacientes con FRA requieren una ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica prolongada &#40;pVMI&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3-5</span></a>&#46; Esta proporci&#243;n ha aumentado en la &#250;ltima d&#233;cada debido a los avances en la tecnolog&#237;a utilizada en el soporte ventilatorio y en el Cuidado Intensivo en general<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sin embargo&#44; en la actualidad&#44; la definici&#243;n de pVMI en ni&#241;os es confusa y no existe consenso entre los expertos&#46; Estudios previos han utilizado puntos de corte arbitrarios&#44; que van desde las 96 h hasta los 21 d&#237;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6-13</span></a>&#46; Esta falta de uniformidad dificulta la comparaci&#243;n y generalizaci&#243;n de los resultados entre los diferentes estudios&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; es crucial establecer una definici&#243;n clara y consensuada de pVMI en la poblaci&#243;n pedi&#225;trica para facilitar la investigaci&#243;n y la toma de decisiones cl&#237;nicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adem&#225;s&#44; se ha observado que la ventilaci&#243;n prolongada se asocia con factores de riesgo espec&#237;ficos en la poblaci&#243;n pedi&#225;trica&#44; como edad menor a 12 meses&#44; peso menor a 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#44; y puntaje PRISM mayor a 20&#44; entre otros<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6-8</span></a>&#46; Estos factores pueden ayudar a identificar a los pacientes en mayor riesgo de desarrollar pVMI y guiar estrategias de manejo adecuadas&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La pVMI tambi&#233;n se ha relacionado con peores desenlaces cl&#237;nicos&#44; como una mayor estancia hospitalaria&#44; morbimortalidad y costos en la atenci&#243;n de los pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;14-17</span></a>&#46; Estas complicaciones ponen de manifiesto la importancia de identificar y predecir el riesgo de pVMI en la poblaci&#243;n pedi&#225;trica para implementar intervenciones preventivas y optimizar el manejo cl&#237;nico&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En ese contexto&#44; el objetivo de esta investigaci&#243;n es describir una cohorte de pacientes pedi&#225;tricos ventilados por FRA del registro de la Red Colaborativa de Latinoamericana &#40;LARed network&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> y&#44; utilizando estos datos&#44; crear una definici&#243;n de pVMI basada en frecuencia estad&#237;stica &#40;percentil 75&#41;&#46; Luego&#44; se busca determinar si esta definici&#243;n se asocia con factores de riesgo y eventos posteriores durante la evoluci&#243;n y estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pedi&#225;tricos&#44; tal como se ha descrito en la literatura cient&#237;fica&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; se llevar&#225; a cabo una comparaci&#243;n con los puntos de corte descritos por otros autores para evaluar la adecuaci&#243;n de nuestra observaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis retrospectivo de una cohorte con datos recolectados en forma prospectiva en el registro de FRA de LARed Network &#40;que incluye cerca de 40 centros hospitalarios de Latinoam&#233;rica&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46; Se analizaron todos los pacientes que recibieron VMI durante la estancia hospitalaria entre abril del 2017 y enero del 2022&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Sujetos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El registro recoge pacientes pedi&#225;tricos entre los 0 meses y 18 a&#241;os admitidos a la UCIP cuya causa de FRA&#44; definida por el m&#233;dico tratante&#44; fue primariamente del sistema respiratorio &#40;bronquiolitis&#44; neumon&#237;a&#44; asma&#44; por ejemplo&#41;&#46; Se considera que estos pacientes presentan un fallo respiratorio cuando muestran s&#237;ntomas como hipoxemia&#44; hipercapnia y aumento del trabajo respiratorio&#44; los cuales requieren intervenci&#243;n mediante oxigenoterapia y soporte respiratorio&#46; Para este an&#225;lisis&#44; se incluyeron aquellos casos que requer&#237;an VMI durante su estancia en la UCIP&#46; Para garantizar la homogeneidad de los datos&#44; se excluy&#243; a pacientes con soporte ventilatorio invasivo domiciliario previo a su ingreso y aquellos pacientes que&#44; a la fecha de corte de an&#225;lisis&#44; no hab&#237;an sido egresados de la UCIP o ten&#237;an datos incompletos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Definiciones</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerando que existen varios puntos de corte reportados en la literatura que var&#237;an desde 96 h hasta 21 d&#237;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6-13</span></a>&#44; decidimos utilizar una definici&#243;n estad&#237;stica basada en la distribuci&#243;n de la poblaci&#243;n&#44; utilizando el d&#237;a m&#225;s cercano al percentil p75 como punto de corte para nuestro estudio&#46; Aunque esta selecci&#243;n podr&#237;a parecer arbitraria&#44; nos permiti&#243; caracterizar un grupo de ni&#241;os que se diferenciaba de la mayor&#237;a de los otros casos en nuestra poblaci&#243;n&#44; lo que podr&#237;a identificar un posible mejor objetivo para una estrategia de mejora de calidad&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para identificar los factores de riesgo potenciales&#44; se consideraron aquellos presentes en el momento de ingreso de los pacientes a la UCIP&#46; Por otro lado&#44; se evaluaron los factores asociados a la evoluci&#243;n y estancia&#44; tales como las complicaciones&#44; tratamientos recibidos&#44; terapias de rescate&#44; y tiempo de estancia o mortalidad&#44; ya que ocurren despu&#233;s del inicio de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva&#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0075">tabla 1S anexo</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Recolecci&#243;n de datos</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La base de datos de LARed cuenta con un registro prospectivo de datos de la estancia en la unidad desde su ingreso hasta su egreso de esta&#46; Se recogen variables demogr&#225;ficas &#40;edad&#44; peso y g&#233;nero&#41;&#44; comorbilidades &#40;definidas como enfermedades que ocurren adem&#225;s del trastorno primario y no al episodio actual&#41;&#44; probabilidad de muerte calculada por el puntajes de gravedad Pediatric Index of Mortalitiy versi&#243;n 3 &#40;PIM3&#41;&#44; diagn&#243;sticos de ingreso&#44; signos vitales &#40;frecuencia cardiaca&#44; frecuencia respiratoria y saturaci&#243;n&#41;&#44; ayudas diagn&#243;sticas &#40;radiograf&#237;a&#41;&#44; tratamientos recibidos &#40;transfusi&#243;n sangu&#237;nea&#44; corticoides&#44; antibi&#243;ticos&#44; antivirales&#41;&#44; complicaciones durante la estancia &#40;SDRA&#41;&#44; sepsis&#44; neumot&#243;rax&#44; fallo en la extubaci&#243;n&#41; y desenlaces &#40;mortalidad&#44; estancia hospitalaria y nueva morbilidad&#59; esta &#250;ltima definida como una diferencia entre ingreso al alta mayor de 3 en la puntuaci&#243;n de la Functional Status Scale &#40;FSS&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se calcul&#243; el percentil 75 de la duraci&#243;n de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#44; definiendo el punto de corte de pVMI en esta cohorte&#44; para estratificar en 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>grupos&#58; pVMI y ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica no prolongada &#40;npVMI&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las variables continuas se informaron como promedio con desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar y mediana con rango intercuartil&#59; mientras que las categ&#243;ricas como frecuencias absolutas y porcentaje&#46; Para evaluar la diferencia entre los pacientes con pVMI y npVMI se realiz&#243; el an&#225;lisis bivariado dividiendo las variables en 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>grupos&#58; las presentes al ingreso &#40;datos demogr&#225;ficos y caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas&#41; y las sucedidas durante la estancia en unidad de cuidado intensivo &#40;tratamiento&#44; complicaciones y desenlaces&#41;&#46; Las variables contin&#250;as definidas como normales&#44; utilizando el estad&#237;stico Kolmogorov-Smirnov&#44; fueron procesadas con la prueba t Student e informados como media &#177; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar &#40;DE&#41;&#46; Las que presentaron una distribuci&#243;n no normal se utiliz&#243; una prueba U de Mann-Whitney y se informaron como diferencia de medianas con el rango intercuart&#237;lico &#40;RIC&#41; del 25 y 75&#37;&#46; Las variables categ&#243;ricas fueron procesadas con la prueba de chi al cuadrado&#44; informadas con frecuencia absoluta y porcentajes&#46; Para determinar los factores asociados a pVMI&#44; se ajust&#243; un modelo mixto de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica multivariado usando pa&#237;ses como efectos aleatorios&#44; se incluyeron las variables que cumpl&#237;an los siguientes criterios&#58; variables obtenidas en el momento de ingreso de los pacientes&#44; diferencia significativa en el an&#225;lisis bivariado y relevancia cl&#237;nica sin pertenecer a la misma cadena causal&#46; Para cada variable se prob&#243; colinealidad e interacciones para obtener los modelos finales&#46; El an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico se realiz&#243; con el paquete de software estad&#237;stico STATA 16&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Consideraciones &#233;ticas</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este an&#225;lisis secundario fue presentado y aprobado por el comit&#233; de &#233;tica en seres humanos de la Sociedad de Cirug&#237;a de Bogot&#225; Hospital de San Jos&#233;&#46; Para la participaci&#243;n en el registro de LARed&#44; cada centro cuenta con la aprobaci&#243;n de su comit&#233; de &#233;tica&#46; Para este an&#225;lisis se aprob&#243; la dispensa del consentimiento informado&#44; ya que los datos de an&#225;lisis se encuentran anonimizados&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Resultados</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre abril del 2017 y enero del 2022&#44; se registraron en la base de datos de LARed 8&#46;001 pacientes por FRA&#44; de los cuales se incluy&#243; a 1&#46;698 pacientes para el an&#225;lisis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; La duraci&#243;n media de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica en toda la cohorte fue 7 &#177; 7 d&#237;as&#44; con un percentil 75 de 9 d&#237;as&#46; Esto clasific&#243; a 382 &#40;22&#44;5&#37;&#41; como aquellos con pVMI&#46; La distribuci&#243;n y la curva de supervivencia global est&#225; disponible en datos suplementarios &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0075">figuras 1s&#44; 2s anexo</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Datos demogr&#225;ficos y de ingreso</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y datos de ingreso se presentan en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; La procedencia de los pacientes incluidos fue principalmente de Colombia &#40;602&#44; 35&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; Uruguay &#40;397&#44; 23&#44;4&#37;&#41; y Chile &#40;201&#44; 11&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El an&#225;lisis multivariado mostr&#243; que la edad menor a 6 meses&#44; la presencia de alguna comorbilidad&#44; en especial la displasia broncopulmonar y aislamiento f&#250;ngico fueron factores independientes asociados a pVMI&#46; Los pacientes con asma tuvieron menor probabilidad de relacionarse a pVMI &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Caracter&#237;sticas de evoluci&#243;n y estancia en la unidad</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las caracter&#237;sticas de evoluci&#243;n y estancia en la unidad se presentan en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#46; Tambi&#233;n est&#225; disponible la comparaci&#243;n bivariada para otros puntos de corte reportados en la literatura al igual que la medida de tendencia central y dispersi&#243;n del tiempo de ventilaci&#243;n por factor en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0015">tablas 3 y 4</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El modelo multivariado mostr&#243; que el grupo de pacientes con pVMI requiri&#243; mayor uso de antif&#250;ngicos&#44; hemoderivados&#44; bloqueo neuromuscular y ventilaci&#243;n de alta frecuencia&#46; As&#237; mismo presentaron un mayor riesgo de presentar infecciones asociadas a cuidado de salud&#44; en especial neumon&#237;a asociada a la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva y necesidad de traqueostom&#237;a&#46; Tambi&#233;n se identific&#243; que los pacientes que requer&#237;an durante la estancia hospitalaria utilizaron una presi&#243;n media m&#225;xima de la v&#237;a a&#233;rea mayor a 13 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a>&#41; y presentaron una mayor estancia hospitalaria&#44; sin presentar diferencias en mortalidad&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El resultado principal del an&#225;lisis de esta cohorte multic&#233;ntrica contempor&#225;nea de pacientes en VMI fue la identificaci&#243;n de los 9 d&#237;as como punto de corte diferencial&#44; que aporte a la definici&#243;n de ventilaci&#243;n prolongada&#44; basados en desenlaces de importancia en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica diaria&#58; mayor porcentaje de disfunci&#243;n multiorg&#225;nica&#44; presencia de SDRA&#44; mayor cantidad de infecciones asociadas al cuidado y mayor uso de terapias auxiliares &#40;como bloqueo neuromuscular&#44; antibi&#243;ticos&#44; posici&#243;n prono y VAFO&#41;&#44; en aquellos con m&#225;s de 9 d&#237;as de VMI&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En pediatr&#237;a no existe un consenso sobre pVMI y la evidencia para una definici&#243;n apropiada es escasa&#46; Esta brecha de conocimiento genera una gran variabilidad en la interpretaci&#243;n en los resultados de los diferentes estudios&#46; Las definiciones m&#225;s usadas en la literatura para pVMI son el requerimiento de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva por un tiempo mayor a 72 h<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19-21</span></a>&#44; 7 d&#237;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;22-26</span></a>&#44; 14 d&#237;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27-29</span></a> y hasta 21 d&#237;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;30-31</span></a>&#46; En este estudio de la cohorte de LARed utilizamos una aproximaci&#243;n diferente&#46; La PVMI se estableci&#243; como una duraci&#243;n mayor a 9 d&#237;as&#44; basado en el estad&#237;stico de dispersi&#243;n percentil 75&#44; incluyendo 22&#44;5&#37; de los casos en este grupo&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La frecuencia de pVMI de la cohorte analizada es dif&#237;cil de comparar con otros reportes debido a la diferencia de definiciones y heterogeneidad de pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#46; En nuestra cohorte 73&#44;6&#37; de pacientes tuvo una duraci&#243;n de VMI mayor a 72 h&#44; 36&#37; mayor a 7 d&#237;as&#44; 8&#44;5&#37; mayor a 14 d&#237;as y 3&#44;9&#37; mayor a 21 d&#237;as&#44; datos similares a los obtenidos en el an&#225;lisis de otras cohortes de pacientes con FRA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22-24&#44;27-31</span></a>&#46; As&#237; mismo se obtuvo una mediana de 5&#44;23 d&#237;as de ventilaci&#243;n &#40;2&#44;92-8&#44;62 d&#237;as&#41;&#44; similar al grupo de SDRA leve del estudio PARDIE con mediana de 5&#44;9 d&#237;as de ventilaci&#243;n &#40;4&#44;0-10&#44;2 d&#237;as&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No obstante&#44; en esta cohorte homog&#233;nea de pacientes con falla respiratoria aguda&#44; encontramos que la edad menor de 6 meses y la presencia de comorbilidades&#44; espec&#237;ficamente displasia broncopulmonar&#44; como factores de riesgo temprano para pVMI&#46; Otros estudios en poblaci&#243;n general de UCI tambi&#233;n han descrito que lactantes menores y prematuros o la presencia de comorbilidades se asocian a una pVMI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6-8</span></a>&#46; Es interesante nuestro resultado de asociaci&#243;n negativa entre asma como diagn&#243;stico principal de conexi&#243;n a VMI y pVMI&#46; El tiempo de duraci&#243;n con soporte ventilatorio fue menor de los pacientes con asma en comparaci&#243;n con bronquiolitis y neumon&#237;a&#44; similar a lo reportado en otras cohortes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34-37</span></a>&#46; Esto podr&#237;a ser explicado por el mecanismo fisiopatol&#243;gico&#44; el cual tiende a ser revertido con frecuencia en un tiempo corto en la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes con una terapia adecuada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37-39</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se ha reportado que la coinfecci&#243;n bacteriana en pacientes con infecci&#243;n respiratoria por virus sincicial respiratorio tiene una duraci&#243;n mayor en los d&#237;as de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&#46; En nuestro estudio no se present&#243; una asociaci&#243;n con infecci&#243;n de etiolog&#237;a bacteriana o viral con pVMI&#44; sin embargo&#44; la decisi&#243;n de iniciar terapia antibi&#243;tica s&#237; fue un factor asociado a pVMI en el an&#225;lisis univariado&#44; lo que podr&#237;a ser considerado como un marcador indirecto de sepsis o infecci&#243;n&#44; incluso en ausencia de un cultivo positivo&#46; El diagn&#243;stico de infecci&#243;n f&#250;ngica s&#237; tuvo una asociaci&#243;n fuerte con pVMI&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La relaci&#243;n entre un puntaje alto en estas escalas de severidad como predictor de ventilaci&#243;n prolongada es un tema controvertido&#46; Payen et al&#46; encontr&#243; una asociaci&#243;n entre el puntaje PRIMS y pVMI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; En nuestro estudio utilizamos la escala PIM3 y no encontramos una asociaci&#243;n con pVMI&#44; es decir&#44; no necesariamente el paciente m&#225;s grave en el momento del ingreso est&#225; m&#225;s tiempo en VMI&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La disfunci&#243;n del sistema respiratorio se present&#243; con mayor frecuencia en pVMI&#59; un mayor n&#250;mero de casos de SDRA y requerimiento de mayor soporte ventilatorio&#46; Sin embargo&#44; solo la presi&#243;n media de v&#237;a a&#233;rea mayor 13 tuvo asociaci&#243;n significativa en el an&#225;lisis multivariado&#46; A diferencia de otras series&#44; no encontramos una asociaci&#243;n de pVMI con el grado de hipoxemia&#44; pero s&#237; el uso de terapias como bloqueo neuromuscular y ventilaci&#243;n de alta frecuencia&#46; El grupo de pVMI requiri&#243; m&#225;s hemoderivados&#44; similar a lo descrito en una cohorte de UCIP general por Monteverde et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el an&#225;lisis multivariado encontramos una asociaci&#243;n entre pVMI e infecci&#243;n asociada a cuidado de salud&#44; especialmente de NAVM&#46; Esto tambi&#233;n ha sido reportado en poblaci&#243;n general de UCIP y en cardiooperados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Otros estudios han demostrado una mayor mortalidad en pacientes con una ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica por un tiempo m&#225;s prolongado al de la media habitual&#46; La mortalidad en pVMI fue 7&#37;&#44; pero no significativamente mayor a la cohorte&#46; Sin embargo&#44; pVMI estuvo asociado a una mayor estancia y requerimiento de traqueostom&#237;a&#46; Los pacientes con pVMI tuvieron un peor puntaje en la escala FSS en el momento del egreso de la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Pedi&#225;trico&#46; Las escalas de estado funcional no se han reportado en cohortes previas de pVMI&#44; pero es un resultado cl&#237;nico de gran importancia evaluando m&#225;s all&#225; de la mortalidad en la fase aguda&#44; sino el efecto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro estudio presenta limitaciones&#46; En primer lugar&#44; debido a la falta de una definici&#243;n de consenso de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica prolongada en pediatr&#237;a&#44; optamos utilizar una definici&#243;n estad&#237;stica basada en la distribuci&#243;n de nuestra poblaci&#243;n&#46; Si bien reconocemos que esta selecci&#243;n puede considerarse arbitraria&#44; nos permiti&#243; caracterizar de manera precisa un subgrupo significativo de ni&#241;os en ventilaci&#243;n prolongada y obtener resultados cl&#237;nicos relevantes&#46; No obstante&#44; es importante tener en cuenta que la aplicabilidad de estos resultados a otras series o cohortes puede ser limitada&#44; por lo que debe requiere de la validaci&#243;n mediante la replicaci&#243;n de nuestros hallazgos en otras cohortes&#46; En segundo lugar&#44; una limitaci&#243;n clave del estudio es la falta de acceso a la temporalidad de los eventos posteriores a los 9 d&#237;as de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva debido a la forma en que se construy&#243; la base de datos&#46; Como consecuencia&#44; no pudimos establecer un orden causal con los datos disponibles&#46; En tercer lugar&#44; nuestro estudio es retrospectivo y se basa en el an&#225;lisis secundario de una cohorte de pacientes con FRA&#44; lo que limita el an&#225;lisis a las variables presentes en la base de datos&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la duraci&#243;n de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica y otros desenlaces pueden verse influidos por la variabilidad en la pr&#225;ctica m&#233;dica entre las instituciones&#46; Para mitigar esto&#44; utilizamos un modelo de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica mixto ajustado&#46; Una cuarta limitaci&#243;n importante de nuestro estudio es la falta de informaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica al momento de la intubaci&#243;n de los pacientes&#46; La inclusi&#243;n de este dato habr&#237;a permitido un an&#225;lisis m&#225;s preciso de la relaci&#243;n entre la ventilaci&#243;n prolongada y otros factores de riesgo y desenlaces cl&#237;nicos&#46; Sin embargo&#44; debido a la forma en que se recopil&#243; la informaci&#243;n en la base de datos&#44; solo pudimos acceder a los datos de ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pedi&#225;tricos&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; es importante tener en cuenta que la asociaci&#243;n de factores no indica causalidad&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; nuestros resultados deben interpretarse con precauci&#243;n y no deben utilizarse para establecer conclusiones definitivas sobre la relaci&#243;n entre la ventilaci&#243;n prolongada y los factores de riesgo de ingreso o eventos posteriores en pacientes con FRA&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestro estudio&#44; observamos que ciertos factores al ingreso&#44; durante la evoluci&#243;n y la estancia en UCIP est&#225;n relacionados con una prolongaci&#243;n de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#44; definido como una duraci&#243;n mayor al percentil 75 de la poblaci&#243;n &#40;9 d&#237;as&#41;&#46; Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio nos permitir&#237;an intervenir en factores de riesgo modificables y promover una liberaci&#243;n m&#225;s temprana de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#44; con el objetivo de evitar complicaciones y desenlaces negativos&#46; Nuestros datos pueden servir para proponer una forma de definir pVMP&#44; as&#237; como utilizarse como m&#233;trica de estrategias de mejor&#237;a de calidad asistencial&#46; Se requiere la realizaci&#243;n de trabajos futuros para confirmar estas relaciones y&#44; en especial&#44; para establecer si tambi&#233;n existe una relaci&#243;n entre la prolongaci&#243;n de la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica y la aparici&#243;n de nuevas morbilidades&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">Autor&#237;a</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Juan Sebasti&#225;n Barajas-Romero&#44; Pablo V&#225;squez-Hoyos&#44; Sebastian Gonzalez-Dambrauskas&#44; Franco D&#237;az&#44; Pietro Pietroboni participaron en la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">concepci&#243;n y el dise&#241;o del estudio</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pablo V&#225;squez-Hoyos&#44; Rosalba Pardo&#44; Juan Camilo Jaramillo-Bustamante&#44; Regina Grigolli&#44; Nicolas Monteverde-Fern&#225;ndez&#44; Roberto Jabornisky&#44; Pablo Cruces&#44; Adriana Wegner&#44; Pietro Pietroboni <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">con la adquisici&#243;n de datos&#46;</span></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Juan Sebastian Barajas-Romero&#44; Pablo V&#225;squez-Hoyos&#44; Sebastian Gonzalez-Dambrauskas&#44; Franco D&#237;az <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">con el an&#225;lisis y la interpretaci&#243;n de los datos y el borrador del art&#237;culo&#46;</span></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos los autores colaboraron con la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">revisi&#243;n cr&#237;tica del contenido intelectual y la aprobaci&#243;n definitiva de la versi&#243;n que se presenta&#46;</span></p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificar los factores asociados con la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica prolongada &#40;pVMI&#41; en pacientes pedi&#225;tricos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pedi&#225;tricos &#40;UCIP&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis secundario de una cohorte prospectiva&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">&#193;mbito</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">UCIP en los centros que integran LARed Network entre abril del 2017 y enero del 2022&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Participantes</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pacientes pedi&#225;tricos en ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica &#40;VMI&#41; debido a causas respiratorias&#46; Definimos pVMI como eventos con tiempo VMI mayor al percentil 75 global&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Intervenciones</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ninguna&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Variables de inter&#233;s principales</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; diagn&#243;sticos&#44; puntajes de gravedad&#44; terapias&#44; complicaciones&#44; estancias y morbimortalidad&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; a 1&#46;698 ni&#241;os con VMI de 8 &#177; 7 d&#237;as y se defini&#243; pVMI en 9 d&#237;as&#46; Los factores relacionados al ingreso fueron la edad menor de 6 meses &#40;OR 1&#44;61&#44; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;17-2&#44;22&#41;&#44; la displasia broncopulmonar &#40;OR 3&#44;71&#44; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;87-7&#44;36&#41; y las infecciones f&#250;ngicas &#40;OR 6&#44;66&#44; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;87-23&#44;74&#41;&#44; mientras que los pacientes con asma tuvieron menor riesgo de pVMI &#40;OR 0&#44;30&#44; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 0&#44;12-0&#44;78&#41;&#46; En cuanto a la evoluci&#243;n y la estancia en UCIP&#44; se relacion&#243; a neumon&#237;a asociada a la ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica &#40;OR 4&#44;27&#44; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;79-10&#44;20&#41;&#44; necesidad de traqueostom&#237;a &#40;OR 2&#44;91&#44; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;89-4&#44;48&#41;&#44; transfusiones &#40;OR 2&#44;94&#44; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 2&#44;18-3&#44;96&#41;&#44; bloqueo neuromuscular &#40;OR 2&#44;08&#44; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;48-2&#44;93&#41; y ventilaci&#243;n de alta frecuencia &#40;OR 2&#44;91&#44; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;89-4&#44;48&#41; y una mayor estad&#237;a en UCIP &#40;OR 1&#44;13&#44; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;10-1&#44;16&#41;&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la presi&#243;n media a&#233;rea mayor a 13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH2O se asoci&#243; a pVMI &#40;OR 1&#44;57&#44; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;12-2&#44;21&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se identificaron factores relacionados con VMI de duraci&#243;n mayor a 9 d&#237;as en pacientes pedi&#225;tricos en UCIP en cuanto a ingreso&#44; evoluci&#243;n y estancia&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Intervenciones"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Variables de inter&#233;s principales"
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          6 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
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          7 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
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      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Objectives</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To identify factors associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation &#40;pMV&#41; in pediatric patients in pediatric intensive care units &#40;PICUs&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Design</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Setting</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PICUs in centers that are part of the LARed Network between April 2017 and January 2022&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Participants</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pediatric patients on mechanical ventilation &#40;IMV&#41; due to respiratory causes&#46; We defined IMV time greater than the 75th percentile of the global cohort&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Interventions</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Main variables of interest</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic data&#44; diagnoses&#44; severity scores&#44; therapies&#44; complications&#44; length of stay&#44; morbidity&#44; and mortality&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">One thousand 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hundred and ninety 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>children with MV of 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7 days were included&#44; and pIMV was defined as 9 days&#46; Factors related to admission were age under 6 months &#40;OR 1&#46;61&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;17&#8211;2&#46;22&#41;&#44; bronchopulmonary dysplasia &#40;OR 3&#46;71&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;87&#8211;7&#46;36&#41;&#44; and fungal infections &#40;OR 6&#46;66&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;87&#8211;23&#46;74&#41;&#44; while patients with asthma had a lower risk of pIMV &#40;OR 0&#46;30&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;12&#8211;0&#46;78&#41;&#46; Regarding evolution and length of stay in the PICU&#44; it was related to ventilation-associated pneumonia &#40;OR 4&#46;27&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;79&#8211;10&#46;20&#41;&#44; need for tracheostomy &#40;OR 2&#46;91&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;89&#8211;4&#46;48&#41;&#44; transfusions &#40;OR 2&#46;94&#44; 95&#37; CI 2&#46;18&#8211;3&#46;96&#41;&#44; neuromuscular blockade &#40;OR 2&#46;08&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;48&#8211;2&#46;93&#41;&#44; high-frequency ventilation &#40;OR 2&#46;91&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;89&#8211;4&#46;48&#41;&#44; and longer PICU stay &#40;OR 1&#46;13&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;10&#8211;1&#46;16&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; mean airway pressure greater than 13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O was associated with pIMV &#40;OR 1&#46;57&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;12&#8211;2&#46;21&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Factors related to IMV duration greater than 9 days in pediatric patients in PICUs were identified in terms of admission&#44; evolution&#44; and length of stay&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:8 [
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            "titulo" => "Objectives"
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Hospital General de Medell&#237;n Luz Castro de Guti&#233;rrez E&#46;S&#46;E&#46; Medell&#237;n&#58; Juan Camilo Jaramillo-Bustamante&#44; Y&#250;rika Paola L&#243;pez Alarc&#243;n&#46;</p> <p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#40;CO&#41; Sociedad de Cirug&#237;a de Bogot&#225; Hospital de San Jos&#233;&#44; Bogot&#225;&#58; Pablo V&#225;squez-Hoyos&#46;</p> <p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#40;CO&#41; Fundaci&#243;n Valle del Lili&#44; Cali&#58; Carlos Reina&#44; Ruben Lasso&#44; Sandra Concha&#46;</p> <p id="par0295" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#40;CO&#41; Hospital Susana Lopez de Valencia&#44; Popay&#225;n&#58; Eliana Zemanate&#46;</p> <p id="par0300" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#40;CO&#41; Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundaci&#243;n&#44; Medell&#237;n&#58; Francisco Javier Montoya Ochoa&#44; Andrea Betancur Franco&#46;</p> <p id="par0305" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#40;CO&#41; Cl&#237;nica UROS&#44; Neiva&#58; Boris Dussan&#44; Ivan Ardila&#44; Jennifer Silva&#46;</p> <p id="par0310" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Costa Rica</span></span></p> <p id="par0315" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#40;CR&#41; Hospital Nacional de Ni&#241;os&#44; San Jose&#58; Ericka Ure&#241;a Chavarr&#237;a&#44; Jose Rosales Fernandez&#44; Silvia Sanabria Fonseca&#46;</p> <p id="par0320" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Ecuador</span></span></p> <p id="par0325" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#40;EC&#41; Hospital Ingles&#44; Quito&#58; Maria Parada&#46;</p> <p id="par0330" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#40;EC&#41; Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Mar&#237;n&#44; Quito&#58; Andres Salazar&#44; Jaime F&#225;rez&#46;</p> <p id="par0335" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Surinam</span></span></p> <p id="par0340" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#40;SR&#41; 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            "etiqueta" => "Anexo"
            "titulo" => "Colaboradores de la Red Colaborativa Pedi&#225;trica de Latinoam&#233;rica &#40;LARed Network&#41;"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Modelo de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica mixto ajustado por pa&#237;s&#46;</p><p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En negritas todos los valores estad&#237;sticamente significativos y subcategor&#237;as&#46;</p><p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IC&#58; intervalo de confianza&#59; npVMI&#44; ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica no prolongada&#59; OR&#58; odds ratio cruda&#59; ORa&#58; odds ratio ajustada&#59; PIM3&#58; &#237;ndice pedi&#225;trico de mortalidad&#59; pVMI&#58; ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica prolongada&#59; Ref&#58; referencia&#59; SpO2&#47;FiO2&#58; cociente SAFI&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Caracter&#237;sticas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">IC del 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">ORa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">IC del 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Todosn &#61; 1&#46;698&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">pVMIn &#61; 382&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">npVMIn &#61; 1&#46;316&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sexo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Femenino</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">689 &#40;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">163 &#40;23&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">526 &#40;76&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Masculino</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1010 &#40;59&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">219 &#40;21&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">791 &#40;78&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71-1&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;58-1&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Edad</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lactante menor a 6 meses</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">846 &#40;49&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">211 &#40;24&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">635 &#40;75&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;93-1&#44;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;64</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;14-2&#44;36</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lactante 6 meses a 24 meses</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">517 &#40;30&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">111&#40;21&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">406&#40;78&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preescolar</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">184 &#40;10&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;15&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">156&#40;84&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;65</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;41-1&#44;03</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;37-1&#44;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Escolar</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50 &#40;2&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;84&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;31-1&#44;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;39-3&#44;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Adolescente</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">93 &#40;5&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;23&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71 &#40;76&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;67-1&#44;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;77-3&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Zona de procedencia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urbana</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;484 &#40;87&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">348&#40;23&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1136 &#40;76&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Suburbana o rural</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">214 &#40;12&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Previsi&#243;n</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Privado</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;93-2&#44;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Diagn&#243;stico de ingreso</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bronquiolitis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">633 &#40;73&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">454 &#40;81&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Crisis asm&#225;tica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Presentar sepsis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sepsis sin criterios de severidad</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sepsis grave</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Falla multiorg&#225;nica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Infecci&#243;n</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n viral</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n bacteriana</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Comorbilidades</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alguna</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">660 &#40;38&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;16</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Prematurez</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Desnutrici&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Genopat&#237;a</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neurol&#243;gicas</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enfermedad oncol&#243;gica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;71&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trasplante de m&#233;dula &#243;sea</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;0&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;19-20&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;61-35&#44;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comorbilidades respiratorias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">373 &#40;22&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">89 &#40;23&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">284 &#40;76&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;00-2&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Displasia broncopulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">91 &#40;5&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;38&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;61&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;26</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;41-3&#44;58</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;87-7&#44;36</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Da&#241;o pulmonar cr&#243;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">35&#40;2&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;34&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;65&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;81-3&#44;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asma o sibilante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">207 &#40;12&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;18&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">169 &#40;81&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;50-1&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;26-2&#44;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Otras respiratorias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">84&#40;4&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;18&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">68 &#40;81&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Par&#225;metros respiratorios y oxigenaci&#243;n de ingreso</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fracci&#243;n inspirada O</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;FiO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">70 &#40;50-100&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">80 &#40;60-100&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">69 &#40;50-100&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;0- 1&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;99-1&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Saturaci&#243;n O</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;SpO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">96 &#40;93-99&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">96 &#40;93-99&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">96 &#40;93-99&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;98-1&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;97-1&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Frecuencia respiratoria</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">43 &#40;30-59&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">40 &#40;28-52&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">45 &#40;30-60&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;98</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;97-0&#44;99</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;98-1&#44;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Frecuencia cardiaca</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">152 &#40;133-170&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">150 &#40;130-165&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">152 &#40;135-170&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;99</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;99-0&#44;99</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;99-1&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SpO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#47;FiO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">137 &#40;100-192&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;1&#44;16-1&#44;70&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Terapias recibidas</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antibi&#243;ticos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antivirales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antif&#250;ngicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Corticoides&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemoderivados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bloqueo neuromuscular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;39-5&#44;47</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dec&#250;bito prono&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">202 &#40;11&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">98 &#40;48&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;96-5&#44;45</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ventilaci&#243;n alta frecuencia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">129 &#40;63&#44;86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">73 &#40;36&#44;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">6&#44;32-11&#44;92</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#211;xido n&#237;trico inhalado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">29&#40;1&#44;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;55&#44;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;44&#44;83&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;08-9&#44;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Complicaciones asociadas a la ventilaci&#243;n</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fallo de destete&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;21-3&#44;88</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Traqueostom&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;98-50&#44;5</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome de abstinencia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">184 &#40;10&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;26&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">136 &#40;73&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;87-1&#44;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Atelectasia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;0&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;77&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;20-4&#44;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neumot&#243;rax&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;2&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;83-2&#44;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estenosis subgl&#243;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;0&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;25&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;75&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;36-3&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Extubaci&#243;n accidental&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;1&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;28&#44;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;71&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;60-3&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n asociada al cuidado de salud</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Alguna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">109 &#40;6&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">59 &#40;4&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;21</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;16-4&#44;77</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asociada a dispositivo vascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;2&#44;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;40&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;59&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;40</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;28-4&#44;50</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asociada a sonda ureteral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;1&#44;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;76&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;23&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">12&#44;06</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;80-30&#44;25</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neumon&#237;a asociada ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;3&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;57&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;42&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;96</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;85-8&#44;62</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neumon&#237;a no asociada a VMI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#40;35&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#40;65&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;97-3&#44;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infecci&#243;n de sitio quir&#250;rgico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;0&#44;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#40;60&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#40;40&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;38-13&#44;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estado de egreso</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Puntaje FSS egreso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;7-7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;7-9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;6-7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;15</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;09-1&#44;21</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diferencia FSS ingreso y egreso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0945"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#40;0-1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0-1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#40;0-1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;11</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;05-1&#44;17</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>D&#237;as de estancia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;5&#44;9-12&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#44;1 &#40;11&#44;5-21&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;9 &#40;5&#44;2-10&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;19</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;16-1&#44;22</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fallecidos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">103 &#40;6&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;28&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">74 &#40;71&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;46-1&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Caracter&#237;sticas</th><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">pVMI 96h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">pVMI 7 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">pVMI 14 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">pVMI 21 d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Mediana &#40;p50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">n&#61;1048 &#40;62&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">n&#61;611 &#40;36&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">n&#61;146 &#40;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">n&#61;67 &#40;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">RIQ &#40;p25-p75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">o &#91;rho&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Sexo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Femenino</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;2 &#40;2&#44;9-8&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Masculino</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;06 &#40;0&#44;87-1&#44;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;95 &#40;0&#44;77-1&#44;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;76 &#40;0&#44;54-1&#44;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;83 &#40;0&#44;51-1&#44;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;2 &#40;2&#44;9-8&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Edad</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lactantes menores de 6 meses</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;15 &#40;0&#44;92-1&#44;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;21 &#40;0&#44;96-1&#44;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">0&#44;58 &#40;0&#44;40-0&#44;86&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;74 &#40;0&#44;42-1&#44;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;8 &#40;3&#44;3-9&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lactante de 6 a 24 meses</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;2 &#40;3&#44;0-8&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preescolar</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">0&#44;56 &#40;0&#44;40-0&#44;78&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">0&#44;59 &#40;0&#44;40-0&#44;86&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;89 &#40;0&#44;51-1&#44;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;76 &#40;0&#44;30-1&#44;90&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;3-6&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Escolar</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">0&#44;47 &#40;0&#44;26-0&#44;84&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;51 &#40;0&#44;26-1&#44;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;72 &#40;0&#44;25-2&#44;06&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;44 &#40;0&#44;41-4&#44;98&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;1 &#40;2&#44;0-6&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Adolescente</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;69 &#40;0&#44;44-1&#44;08&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;86 &#40;0&#44;54-1&#44;38&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;10 &#40;0&#44;56-2&#44;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;12 &#40;0&#44;91-4&#44;91&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;3 &#40;2&#44;5-8&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Zona de procedencia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urbana</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Choque s&#233;ptico</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;92 &#40;0&#44;68-1&#44;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;32 &#40;0&#44;82-2&#44;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Falla multiorg&#225;nica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Infecci&#243;n</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n viral</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n bacteriana</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n f&#250;ngica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;1 &#40;5&#44;1-21&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Comorbilidades</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alguna</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cardiopat&#237;a</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Prematurez</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Desnutrici&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;00 &#40;0&#44;61-1&#44;61&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;25 &#40;0&#44;78-2&#44;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;4 &#40;2&#44;9-9&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Genopat&#237;a</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;05 &#40;0&#44;60-1&#44;84&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;20 &#40;1&#44;05-4&#44;59&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;60 &#40;1&#44;00-6&#44;76&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;3 &#40;2&#44;5-9&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neurol&#243;gicas</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;69 &#40;0&#44;44-1&#44;09&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;03 &#40;0&#44;65-1&#44;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;66 &#40;1&#44;47-4&#44;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;97 &#40;1&#44;94-8&#44;10&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;7 &#40;2&#44;5-10&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enfermedad oncol&#243;gica</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;82 &#40;0&#44;28-2&#44;39&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;99 &#40;0&#44;33-2&#44;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;78 &#40;0&#44;39-8&#44;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;88 &#40;0&#44;24-14&#44;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;5 &#40;2&#44;6-9&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trasplante de medula &#243;sea</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;93 &#40;0&#44;15-5&#44;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;19 &#40;0&#44;20-7&#44;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;17 &#40;1&#44;19-43&#44;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;8 &#40;0&#44;7-14&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comorbilidades respiratorias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;69 &#40;0&#44;54-0&#44;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;84 &#40;0&#44;66-1&#44;07&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;43 &#40;0&#44;98-2&#44;09&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;54 &#40;0&#44;90-2&#44;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;7 &#40;2&#44;7-8&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Displasia broncopulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;07 &#40;1&#44;00-1&#44;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;97 &#40;1&#44;29-3&#44;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;22 &#40;1&#44;24-3&#44;98&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;45 &#40;0&#44;57-3&#44;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;3 &#40;3&#44;6-11&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Da&#241;o pulmonar cr&#243;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;93 &#40;0&#44;47-1&#44;84&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;34 &#40;0&#44;68-2&#44;64&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;27 &#40;1&#44;46-7&#44;34&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5&#44;43 &#40;2&#44;17-13&#44;56&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;3 &#40;2&#44;5-13&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asma o sibilante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">0&#44;58 &#40;0&#44;44-0&#44;78&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">0&#44;64 &#40;0&#44;47-0&#44;89&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;01 &#40;0&#44;60-1&#44;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;12 &#40;0&#44;55-2&#44;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;0 &#40;2&#44;6-7&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Otras respiratorias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">0&#44;47 &#40;0&#44;30-0&#44;73&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">0&#44;54 &#40;0&#44;32-0&#44;90&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;13 &#40;0&#44;53-2&#44;38&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;23 &#40;0&#44;44-3&#44;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;7 &#40;1&#44;9-6&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Par&#225;metros respiratorios y oxigenaci&#243;n de ingreso</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fracci&#243;n inspirada O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;020 &#40;1&#44;016-1&#44;024&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;017 &#40;1&#44;013-1&#44;021&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;009 &#40;1&#44;002-1&#44;015&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;009 &#40;1&#44;000-1&#44;018&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#91;0&#44;24&#93;e&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Saturaci&#243;n O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;010 &#40;0&#44;996-1&#44;024&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;31 &#40;1&#44;23-1&#44;40&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;18 &#40;1&#44;12-1&#44;24&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;12 &#40;1&#44;06-1&#44;18&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;09&#40;1&#44;03-1&#44;15&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#91;0&#44;25&#93;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Frecuencia respiratoria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;01 &#40;0&#44;99-1&#44;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;06 &#40;0&#44;99-1&#44;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;01 &#40;1&#44;01-1&#44;02&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;02 &#40;1&#44;01-1&#44;03&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#91;0&#44;23&#93;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;01 &#40;1&#44;01-1&#44;02&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;06 &#40;1&#44;00-1&#44;01&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;99 &#40;0&#44;98-0&#44;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;98 &#40;0&#44;98-0&#44;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#91;-0&#44;16&#93;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SDRA</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Presentar SDRA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;26 &#40;1&#44;01-1&#44;59&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;08 &#40;0&#44;87-1&#44;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;93 &#40;1&#44;36-2&#44;74&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;4 &#40;3&#44;2-9&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Leve&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#44;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#44;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#44;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#40;Ref&#44;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;5 &#40;3&#44;1-6&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;08 &#40;0&#44;62-1&#44;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;68 &#40;0&#44;88-3&#44;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;21 &#40;0&#44;62-7&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;8 &#40;3&#44;3-7&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Severo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;62 &#40;0&#44;93-2&#44;83&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;87 &#40;2&#44;06-7&#44;26&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5&#44;69 &#40;1&#44;70-19&#44;01&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;0 &#40;3&#44;3-11&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antibi&#243;ticos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;46 &#40;1&#44;78-3&#44;40&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;08 &#40;1&#44;43-3&#44;03&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;32 &#40;1&#44;07-5&#44;04&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;40 &#40;0&#44;75-7&#44;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;5 &#40;3&#44;1-8&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antivirales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;87 &#40;0&#44;61-1&#44;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;75 &#40;0&#44;51-1&#44;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;94 &#40;0&#44;50-1&#44;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;93 &#40;0&#44;37-2&#44;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;8 &#40;2&#44;8-7&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antif&#250;ngicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5&#44;85 &#40;2&#44;66-12&#44;85&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;83 &#40;2&#44;30-6&#44;38&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">6&#44;96 &#40;4&#44;12-11&#44;75&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">8&#44;34 &#40;4&#44;42-15&#44;74&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;0 &#40;6&#44;4-17&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Corticoides&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;62 &#40;0&#44;50-0&#44;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;60 &#40;0&#44;48-0&#44;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;99 &#40;0&#44;68-1&#44;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;48 &#40;0&#44;90-2&#44;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;5 &#40;2&#44;7-7&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemoderivados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;45 &#40;1&#44;94-3&#44;09&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;93 &#40;2&#44;36-3&#44;64&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;18 &#40;2&#44;94-5&#44;96&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;91 &#40;1&#44;77-4&#44;78&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;8 &#40;4&#44;1-11&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bloqueo neuromuscular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;65 &#40;3&#44;63-5&#44;95&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;44 &#40;3&#44;58-5&#44;51&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;97 &#40;2&#44;79-5&#44;66&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;72 &#40;1&#44;66-4&#44;46&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;9 &#40;5&#44;0-11&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dec&#250;bito prono&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5&#44;07 &#40;3&#44;30-7&#44;81&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;00 &#40;2&#44;94-5&#44;45&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5&#44;56 &#40;3&#44;82-8&#44;11&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;94 &#40;2&#44;31-6&#44;71&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;9 &#40;5&#44;6-14&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ventilaci&#243;n alta frecuencia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">12&#44;93 &#40;6&#44;98-23&#44;94&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">12&#44;70 &#40;8&#44;56-18&#44;82&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5&#44;99 &#40;4&#44;12-8&#44;71&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;65 &#40;2&#44;13-6&#44;26&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;6 &#40;7&#44;9-14&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#211;xido n&#237;trico inhalado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5&#44;48 &#40;1&#44;65-18&#44;17&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;45 &#40;1&#44;60-7&#44;48&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">6&#44;94 &#40;3&#44;21-14&#44;99&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;08 &#40;1&#44;38-12&#44;06&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;0 &#40;5&#44;9-17&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Complicaciones asociadas a la ventilaci&#243;n</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fallo de destete&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;70 &#40;1&#44;99-11&#44;08&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;00 &#40;1&#44;68-5&#44;36&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;57 &#40;1&#44;82-6&#44;99&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;31 &#40;1&#44;86-9&#44;97&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;0 &#40;5&#44;7-13&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Traqueostom&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;49 &#40;0&#44;70-8&#44;87&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">7&#44;23 &#40;2&#44;03-25&#44;73&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">22&#44;74 &#40;7&#44;66-67&#44;47&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">23&#44;65 &#40;8&#44;31-67&#44;37&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#44;8 &#40;11&#44;6-45&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome de abstinencia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;91 &#40;1&#44;98-4&#44;26&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;46 &#40;1&#44;07-1&#44;99&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;26 &#40;0&#44;76-2&#44;09&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;29 &#40;0&#44;63-2&#44;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;6 &#40;4&#44;5-9&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Atelectasia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;24 &#40;0&#44;31-4&#44;97&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;42 &#40;0&#44;38-5&#44;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;33 &#40;0&#44;17-10&#44;71&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;1 &#40;3&#44;4-8&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neumot&#243;rax&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;38 &#40;0&#44;73-2&#44;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;58 &#40;0&#44;87-2&#44;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;34 &#40;0&#44;52-3&#44;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;77 &#40;0&#44;54-5&#44;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;8 &#40;3&#44;0-10&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Estenosis subgl&#243;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;87 &#40;0&#44;60-5&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;79 &#40;0&#44;67-4&#44;79&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;52 &#40;0&#44;34-6&#44;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;63 &#40;0&#44;21-12&#44;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;2 &#40;4&#44;0-9&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Extubaci&#243;n accidental&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;82 &#40;0&#44;39-1&#44;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;34 &#40;0&#44;63-2&#44;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;36 &#40;0&#44;88-6&#44;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;25 &#40;1&#44;43-12&#44;61&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;6 &#40;2&#44;8-10&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Infecci&#243;n asociada al cuidado de salud</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Alguna&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;73 &#40;1&#44;68-4&#44;44&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;32 &#40;2&#44;22-4&#44;97&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#44;65 &#40;2&#44;25-5&#44;93&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;38 &#40;2&#44;34-8&#44;20&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;6 &#40;5&#44;0-13&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asociada a dispositivo vascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;31 &#40;1&#44;10-4&#44;86&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;68 &#40;1&#44;44-5&#44;01&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;00 &#40;1&#44;96-8&#44;13&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;36 &#40;1&#44;77-10&#44;73&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;0 &#40;4&#44;5-15&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asociada a sonda ureteral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;83 &#40;1&#44;44-16&#44;16&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">10&#44;10 &#40;3&#44;47-29&#44;46&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">8&#44;34 &#40;3&#44;76-18&#44;53&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">9&#44;89 &#40;4&#44;01-24&#44;43&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;6 &#40;9&#44;5-21&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neumon&#237;a asociada ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5&#44;14 &#40;2&#44;19-12&#44;09&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">8&#44;35 &#40;4&#44;17-16&#44;72&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#44;44 &#40;2&#44;38-8&#44;27&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5&#44;47 &#40;2&#44;55-11&#44;71&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;4 &#40;7&#44;6-15&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neumon&#237;a no asociada a VMI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;98 &#40;1&#44;31-6&#44;78&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#44;73 &#40;1&#44;44-5&#44;19&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;86 &#40;0&#44;26-2&#44;82&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;29 &#40;0&#44;30-5&#44;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;9 &#40;5&#44;1-10&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infecci&#243;n de sitio quir&#250;rgico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;41 &#40;0&#44;07-2&#44;47&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;19 &#40;0&#44;20-7&#44;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;9-10&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estado de egreso</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Puntaje FSS egreso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;04 &#40;0&#44;98-1&#44;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;09 &#40;1&#44;03-1&#44;14&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;15 &#40;1&#44;08-1&#44;22&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;20 &#40;1&#44;13-1&#44;29&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#91;0&#44;21&#93;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diferencia FSS ingreso y egreso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;06 &#40;1&#44;014-1&#44;10&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;09 &#40;1&#44;046-1&#44;15&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;07 &#40;0&#44;99-1&#44;15&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>D&#237;as de estancia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#44;094 &#40;1&#44;07-1&#44;11&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#91;0&#44;69&#93;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;64 &#40;0&#44;43-0&#44;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;99 &#40;0&#44;66-1&#44;51&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;3 &#40;1&#44;2-9&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Traqueostom&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;89-4&#44;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infecci&#243;n asociada a cuidado de la salud&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neumon&#237;a asociada ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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Vol. 48. Núm. 1.
Páginas 23-36 (enero 2024)
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Vol. 48. Núm. 1.
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Factores asociados a ventilación mecánica prolongada en niños con fallo respiratorio de causa pulmonar: Estudio de cohortes del registro de LARed Network
Factors associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation in children with pulmonary failure: Cohort study from the LARed Network registry
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Juan Sebastian Barajas-Romeroa,b, Pablo Vásquez-Hoyosa,b,c,
Autor para correspondencia
pvasquezh@unal.edu.co

Autor para correspondencia.
, Rosalba Pardoa,d, Juan Camilo Jaramillo-Bustamantea,e, Regina Grigollia,f, Nicolas Monteverde-Fernándeza,g, Sebastian Gonzalez-Dambrauskasa,h, Roberto Jaborniskya,i,j, Pablo Crucesa,k, Adriana Wegnera,l, Franco Díaza,m,n, Pietro Pietrobonia,o, en representación de LARed Network
a Red Colaborativa Pediátrica de Latinoamérica (LARed Network)
b Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
c Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá, Hospital de San José, FUCS, Bogotá, Colombia
d Clínica Infantil de Colsubsidio, Bogotá, Colombia
e Hospital General de Medellín Luz Castro de Gutiérrez E.S.E., Medellín, Colombia
f Hospital Infantil Sabará, Sao Paulo, Brasil
g Médica Uruguaya (MUCAM), Montevideo, Uruguay
h Departamento de Pediatría y Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Niños del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
i Hospital Juan Pablo II, Corrientes, Argentina
j Hospital Regional Olga Stucky de Rizzi, Reconquista, Santa Fe, Argentina
k Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Santiago, Chile
l Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sotero del Río, Santiago, Chile
m Hospital El Carmen de Maipú, Dr. Luis Valentín Ferrada, Santiago, Chile
n Unidad de Investigación y Epidemiología Clínica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
o Hospital Regional de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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Tablas (5)
Tabla 1. Datos demográficos y características de ingreso de los pacientes incluidos en el estudio
Tabla 2. Factores relacionados con la evolución y la estancia en la UCIP asociados a ventilación mecánica prolongada después del análisis multivariado
Tabla 3. Análisis bivariado de la relación entre factores de ingreso y las diferentes definiciones de ventilación mecánica prolongada (pVMI) en la literatura médica
Tabla 4. Análisis bivariado de la relación entre factores de evolución y estancia en UCIP y las diferentes definiciones de ventilación mecánica prolongada (pVMI) en la literatura médica
Tabla 5. Factores relacionados con la evolución y la estancia en la UCIP asociados a ventilación mecánica prolongada después del análisis multivariado
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Este artículo forma parte de:
Paciente crítico pediátrico

Editado por: Alberto García-Salido - Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid

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Resumen
Objetivos

Identificar los factores asociados con la ventilación mecánica prolongada (pVMI) en pacientes pediátricos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP).

Diseño

Análisis secundario de una cohorte prospectiva.

Ámbito

UCIP en los centros que integran LARed Network entre abril del 2017 y enero del 2022.

Participantes

Pacientes pediátricos en ventilación mecánica (VMI) debido a causas respiratorias. Definimos pVMI como eventos con tiempo VMI mayor al percentil 75 global.

Intervenciones

Ninguna.

Variables de interés principales

Datos demográficos, diagnósticos, puntajes de gravedad, terapias, complicaciones, estancias y morbimortalidad.

Resultados

Se incluyó a 1.698 niños con VMI de 8 ± 7 días y se definió pVMI en 9 días. Los factores relacionados al ingreso fueron la edad menor de 6 meses (OR 1,61, IC del 95%, 1,17-2,22), la displasia broncopulmonar (OR 3,71, IC del 95%, 1,87-7,36) y las infecciones fúngicas (OR 6,66, IC del 95%, 1,87-23,74), mientras que los pacientes con asma tuvieron menor riesgo de pVMI (OR 0,30, IC del 95%, 0,12-0,78). En cuanto a la evolución y la estancia en UCIP, se relacionó a neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica (OR 4,27, IC del 95%, 1,79-10,20), necesidad de traqueostomía (OR 2,91, IC del 95%, 1,89-4,48), transfusiones (OR 2,94, IC del 95%, 2,18-3,96), bloqueo neuromuscular (OR 2,08, IC del 95%, 1,48-2,93) y ventilación de alta frecuencia (OR 2,91, IC del 95%, 1,89-4,48) y una mayor estadía en UCIP (OR 1,13, IC del 95%, 1,10-1,16). Además, la presión media aérea mayor a 13cmH2O se asoció a pVMI (OR 1,57, IC del 95%, 1,12-2,21).

Conclusiones

Se identificaron factores relacionados con VMI de duración mayor a 9 días en pacientes pediátricos en UCIP en cuanto a ingreso, evolución y estancia.

Palabras clave:
Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico
Insuficiencia respiratoria
Respiración artificial
Abstract
Objectives

To identify factors associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (pMV) in pediatric patients in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).

Design

Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort.

Setting

PICUs in centers that are part of the LARed Network between April 2017 and January 2022.

Participants

Pediatric patients on mechanical ventilation (IMV) due to respiratory causes. We defined IMV time greater than the 75th percentile of the global cohort.

Interventions

None.

Main variables of interest

Demographic data, diagnoses, severity scores, therapies, complications, length of stay, morbidity, and mortality.

Results

One thousand 6hundred and ninety 8children with MV of 8±7 days were included, and pIMV was defined as 9 days. Factors related to admission were age under 6 months (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.17–2.22), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.87–7.36), and fungal infections (OR 6.66, 95% CI 1.87–23.74), while patients with asthma had a lower risk of pIMV (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.12–0.78). Regarding evolution and length of stay in the PICU, it was related to ventilation-associated pneumonia (OR 4.27, 95% CI 1.79–10.20), need for tracheostomy (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.89–4.48), transfusions (OR 2.94, 95% CI 2.18–3.96), neuromuscular blockade (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.48–2.93), high-frequency ventilation (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.89–4.48), and longer PICU stay (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10–1.16). In addition, mean airway pressure greater than 13cmH2O was associated with pIMV (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.12–2.21).

Conclusions

Factors related to IMV duration greater than 9 days in pediatric patients in PICUs were identified in terms of admission, evolution, and length of stay.

Keywords:
Intensive Care Units Pediatric
Respiratory insufficiency
Respiration artificial
Texto completo
Introducción

El fallo respiratorio agudo (FRA) es una causa frecuente de ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrica (UCIP) y entre el 35 y el 64% de estos pacientes requieren ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI)1,2. Estudios recientes han demostrado que entre el 25 y el 34% de los pacientes con FRA requieren una ventilación mecánica prolongada (pVMI)3-5. Esta proporción ha aumentado en la última década debido a los avances en la tecnología utilizada en el soporte ventilatorio y en el Cuidado Intensivo en general4.

Sin embargo, en la actualidad, la definición de pVMI en niños es confusa y no existe consenso entre los expertos. Estudios previos han utilizado puntos de corte arbitrarios, que van desde las 96 h hasta los 21 días6-13. Esta falta de uniformidad dificulta la comparación y generalización de los resultados entre los diferentes estudios. Por lo tanto, es crucial establecer una definición clara y consensuada de pVMI en la población pediátrica para facilitar la investigación y la toma de decisiones clínicas10.

Además, se ha observado que la ventilación prolongada se asocia con factores de riesgo específicos en la población pediátrica, como edad menor a 12 meses, peso menor a 10kg, y puntaje PRISM mayor a 20, entre otros6-8. Estos factores pueden ayudar a identificar a los pacientes en mayor riesgo de desarrollar pVMI y guiar estrategias de manejo adecuadas.

La pVMI también se ha relacionado con peores desenlaces clínicos, como una mayor estancia hospitalaria, morbimortalidad y costos en la atención de los pacientes4,14-17. Estas complicaciones ponen de manifiesto la importancia de identificar y predecir el riesgo de pVMI en la población pediátrica para implementar intervenciones preventivas y optimizar el manejo clínico.

En ese contexto, el objetivo de esta investigación es describir una cohorte de pacientes pediátricos ventilados por FRA del registro de la Red Colaborativa de Latinoamericana (LARed network)18 y, utilizando estos datos, crear una definición de pVMI basada en frecuencia estadística (percentil 75). Luego, se busca determinar si esta definición se asocia con factores de riesgo y eventos posteriores durante la evolución y estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, tal como se ha descrito en la literatura científica. Además, se llevará a cabo una comparación con los puntos de corte descritos por otros autores para evaluar la adecuación de nuestra observación.

Pacientes y métodos

Análisis retrospectivo de una cohorte con datos recolectados en forma prospectiva en el registro de FRA de LARed Network (que incluye cerca de 40 centros hospitalarios de Latinoamérica)18. Se analizaron todos los pacientes que recibieron VMI durante la estancia hospitalaria entre abril del 2017 y enero del 2022.

Sujetos

El registro recoge pacientes pediátricos entre los 0 meses y 18 años admitidos a la UCIP cuya causa de FRA, definida por el médico tratante, fue primariamente del sistema respiratorio (bronquiolitis, neumonía, asma, por ejemplo). Se considera que estos pacientes presentan un fallo respiratorio cuando muestran síntomas como hipoxemia, hipercapnia y aumento del trabajo respiratorio, los cuales requieren intervención mediante oxigenoterapia y soporte respiratorio. Para este análisis, se incluyeron aquellos casos que requerían VMI durante su estancia en la UCIP. Para garantizar la homogeneidad de los datos, se excluyó a pacientes con soporte ventilatorio invasivo domiciliario previo a su ingreso y aquellos pacientes que, a la fecha de corte de análisis, no habían sido egresados de la UCIP o tenían datos incompletos.

Definiciones

Considerando que existen varios puntos de corte reportados en la literatura que varían desde 96 h hasta 21 días6-13, decidimos utilizar una definición estadística basada en la distribución de la población, utilizando el día más cercano al percentil p75 como punto de corte para nuestro estudio. Aunque esta selección podría parecer arbitraria, nos permitió caracterizar un grupo de niños que se diferenciaba de la mayoría de los otros casos en nuestra población, lo que podría identificar un posible mejor objetivo para una estrategia de mejora de calidad.

Para identificar los factores de riesgo potenciales, se consideraron aquellos presentes en el momento de ingreso de los pacientes a la UCIP. Por otro lado, se evaluaron los factores asociados a la evolución y estancia, tales como las complicaciones, tratamientos recibidos, terapias de rescate, y tiempo de estancia o mortalidad, ya que ocurren después del inicio de la ventilación mecánica invasiva(tabla 1S anexo).

Recolección de datos

La base de datos de LARed cuenta con un registro prospectivo de datos de la estancia en la unidad desde su ingreso hasta su egreso de esta. Se recogen variables demográficas (edad, peso y género), comorbilidades (definidas como enfermedades que ocurren además del trastorno primario y no al episodio actual), probabilidad de muerte calculada por el puntajes de gravedad Pediatric Index of Mortalitiy versión 3 (PIM3), diagnósticos de ingreso, signos vitales (frecuencia cardiaca, frecuencia respiratoria y saturación), ayudas diagnósticas (radiografía), tratamientos recibidos (transfusión sanguínea, corticoides, antibióticos, antivirales), complicaciones durante la estancia (SDRA), sepsis, neumotórax, fallo en la extubación) y desenlaces (mortalidad, estancia hospitalaria y nueva morbilidad; esta última definida como una diferencia entre ingreso al alta mayor de 3 en la puntuación de la Functional Status Scale (FSS).

Análisis estadístico

Se calculó el percentil 75 de la duración de la ventilación mecánica, definiendo el punto de corte de pVMI en esta cohorte, para estratificar en 2grupos: pVMI y ventilación mecánica no prolongada (npVMI).

Las variables continuas se informaron como promedio con desviación estándar y mediana con rango intercuartil; mientras que las categóricas como frecuencias absolutas y porcentaje. Para evaluar la diferencia entre los pacientes con pVMI y npVMI se realizó el análisis bivariado dividiendo las variables en 2grupos: las presentes al ingreso (datos demográficos y características clínicas) y las sucedidas durante la estancia en unidad de cuidado intensivo (tratamiento, complicaciones y desenlaces). Las variables continúas definidas como normales, utilizando el estadístico Kolmogorov-Smirnov, fueron procesadas con la prueba t Student e informados como media ± desviación estándar (DE). Las que presentaron una distribución no normal se utilizó una prueba U de Mann-Whitney y se informaron como diferencia de medianas con el rango intercuartílico (RIC) del 25 y 75%. Las variables categóricas fueron procesadas con la prueba de chi al cuadrado, informadas con frecuencia absoluta y porcentajes. Para determinar los factores asociados a pVMI, se ajustó un modelo mixto de regresión logística multivariado usando países como efectos aleatorios, se incluyeron las variables que cumplían los siguientes criterios: variables obtenidas en el momento de ingreso de los pacientes, diferencia significativa en el análisis bivariado y relevancia clínica sin pertenecer a la misma cadena causal. Para cada variable se probó colinealidad e interacciones para obtener los modelos finales. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el paquete de software estadístico STATA 16.

Consideraciones éticas

Este análisis secundario fue presentado y aprobado por el comité de ética en seres humanos de la Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá Hospital de San José. Para la participación en el registro de LARed, cada centro cuenta con la aprobación de su comité de ética. Para este análisis se aprobó la dispensa del consentimiento informado, ya que los datos de análisis se encuentran anonimizados.

Resultados

Entre abril del 2017 y enero del 2022, se registraron en la base de datos de LARed 8.001 pacientes por FRA, de los cuales se incluyó a 1.698 pacientes para el análisis (fig. 1). La duración media de ventilación mecánica en toda la cohorte fue 7 ± 7 días, con un percentil 75 de 9 días. Esto clasificó a 382 (22,5%) como aquellos con pVMI. La distribución y la curva de supervivencia global está disponible en datos suplementarios (figuras 1s, 2s anexo).

Figura 1.

Diagrama de pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva ingresados a el estudio.

npVMI: ventilación mecánica no prolongada; pVMI: ventilación mecánica invasiva prolongada; UCIP: Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico.

(0.21MB).
Datos demográficos y de ingreso

Las características clínicas y datos de ingreso se presentan en la tabla 1. La procedencia de los pacientes incluidos fue principalmente de Colombia (602, 35,6%), Uruguay (397, 23,4%) y Chile (201, 11,8%).

Tabla 1.

Datos demográficos y características de ingreso de los pacientes incluidos en el estudio

Características  n (%) o med (RIC)OR  IC del 95%  ORa  IC del 95% 
  Todosn = 1.698  pVMIn = 382  npVMIn = 1.316         
Sexo
Femenino  689 (41)  163 (23,7)  526 (76,3)  (Ref.)       
Masculino  1010 (59)  219 (21,7)  791 (78,3)  1,11  0,71-1,12  0,78  0,58-1,05 
Edad
Lactante menor a 6 meses  846 (49,8)  211 (24,9)  635 (75,1)  1,21  0,93-1,57  1,64  1,14-2,36 
Lactante 6 meses a 24 meses  517 (30,4)  111(21,5)  406(78,5)  (Ref.)       
Preescolar  184 (10,8)  28 (15,2)  156(84,8)  0,65  0,41-1,03  0,71  0,37-1,33 
Escolar  50 (2,9)  8 (16)  42 (84)  0,69  0,31-1,52  1,12  0,39-3,14 
Adolescente  93 (5,4)  22 (23,6)  71 (76,4)  1,13  0,67-1,91  1,59  0,77-3,25 
Zona de procedencia
Urbana  1,484 (87,4)  348(23,4)  1136 (76,6)  (Ref.)       
Suburbana o rural  214 (12,5)  35 (16,0)  179 (83,9)  0,62  0,42-0,92  0,70  0,42-1,17 
Previsión
Público  748(43,8)  111 (14,6)  637 (85,4)  (Ref.)       
Privado  950(55,8)  276 (28,7)  674 (71,3)  2,34  1,83-3,00  1,49  0,93-2,31 
Diagnóstico de ingreso
Bronquiolitis  866 (51,1)  233 (26,9)  633 (73,1)  (Ref)       
Neumonía  557 (32,9)  103 (18,5)  454 (81,5)      0,89  0,56-1,40 
Crisis asmática  105 (6,2%)  13 (12,4)  92 (87,6)  0,56  0,29-1,06  0,30  0,12-0,78 
Otro  170 (10,1)  33 (19,4)  137 (80,6)  1,06  0,69-1,65  0,74  0,37-1,48 
Sepsis
Presentar sepsis  439 (26,1)  83 (18,9)  356 (81,1)  0,74  0,56-0,97  0,98  0,61-1,57 
Sepsis sin criterios de severidad  155 (9,1)  25 (16,1)  130 (83,8)  (Ref.)       
Choque séptico  216 (12,7)  44 (20,4)  172 (79,6)  0,65  0,43-0,98  1,38  0,68-2,80 
Sepsis grave  68 (4,0)  13 (19,1)  55 (80,9)  0,48  0,20-1,14  0,63  0,19-2,02 
Falla multiorgánica  67 (3,9)  25 (37,3)  42 (62,7)  1,90  1,14-3,18  2,32  0.98- 5.46 
Infeccióna               
Infección viral  1353 (79,7)  322 (23,8)  1031 (73,2)  1,48  1,09-2,01  0,73  0,40-1,34 
Infección bacteriana  615 (36,2)  108 (17,6)  507 (82,4)  0,62  0,49-0,80  0,79  0,49-1,28 
Infección fúngica  19 (1,1)  10 (52,6)  9 (47,4)  3,90  1,57-9,67  6,66  1,87-23,74 
Comorbilidadesb
Algunae  660 (38,9)  152 (23,0%)  508 (77,0%)  1,04  0,83-1,32  2,16  1.51-3,10 
Cardiopatía  95 (5,6)  23 (24,2)  72 (75,8)  1,10  0,65-1,82  1,04  0,51-2,11 
Prematurezc  209 (12,3)  50 (23,9)  159 (76,1)  1,09  0,76-1,55  0,76  0,43-1,34 
Desnutrición  73 (4,3)  21 (28,8)  52 (71,2)  1,41  0,79-2,43  2,22  0,57-5,06 
Genopatía  54 (3,1)  16 (29,6)  38 (70,4)  1,47  0,75-2,74  1,69  0,68-4,17 
Neurológicas  79 (4,6)  23 (29,1)  56 (70,9)  1,44  0,83-2,42  2,09  0,98-4,44 
Enfermedad oncológica  14 (0,8)  4 (28,6)  10 (71,4)  1,38  0,31-4,82  1,17  0,31-4,37 
Trasplante de médula ósea  5 (0,3)  2 (40)  3 (60)  2,30  0,19-20,2  4,63  0,61-35,27 
Comorbilidades respiratorias  373 (22,0)  89 (23,9)  284 (76,1)  1,10  0,83-144  1,43  1,00-2,04 
Displasia broncopulmonar  91 (5,4)  35 (38,5)  56 (61,5)  2,26  1,41-3,58  3,71  1,87-7,36 
Daño pulmonar crónico  35(2,0)  12 (34,3)  23 (65,7)  1,82  0,81-3,86  1,59  0,55-4,57 
Asma o sibilante  207 (12,2)  38 (18,4)  169 (81,6)  0,74  0,50-1,09  0,77  0,26-2,24 
Otras respiratorias  84(4,5)  16 (18,8)  68 (81,0)  1,19  0,83-1,72  0,93  0,33-1,99 
Parámetros respiratorios y oxigenación de ingreso
Fracción inspirada O2(FiO2)  70 (50-100)  80 (60-100)  69 (50-100)  1,01  1,0- 1,01  1,00  0,99-1,01 
Saturación O2(SpO2)  96 (93-99)  96 (93-99)  96 (93-99)  1,00  0,98-1,01  0,99  0,97-1,01 
Frecuencia respiratoria  43 (30-59)  40 (28-52)  45 (30-60)  0,98  0,97-0,99  0,99  0,98-1,00 
Frecuencia cardiaca  152 (133-170)  150 (130-165)  152 (135-170)  0,99  0,99-0,99  0,99  0,99-1,01 
SpO2/FiO2  137 (100-192)  121 (99-160)  147 (100-196)  0,99  0,99-0,99  1,00  0,99-1,00 
Hallazgos radiológicosd
Normal  49 (2,9)  10 (20,4)  39 (79,6)  0,88  0,45-1,78  0,56  0,18-1,75 
Hiperinsuflación  394 (23,2)  55 (14)  339 (86)  0,48  0,35-0,66  0,88  0,55-1,41 
Condensación  473 (27,8)  76 (16,1)  397 (83,9)  0,57  0,43-0,75  0,69  0,43-1,11 
Infiltrado intersticial  1135 (66,8)  287 (25,3)  848 (74,7)  1,66  1,28-2,15  1,09  0,72-1,64 
Neumotóraxf  20 (1,8)  0 (0,0)  20 (100,0)         
Derrame pleural  55 (3,2)  11 (16,9)  54 (83,1)  0,69  0,35-1,33  0,96  0,34-2,72 
Cardiomegalia  51 (3)  11 (21,5)  40 (78,5)  0,94  0,48-1,86  1,36  0,51-3,59 
Otro  166 (9,7)  34 (20,5)  132 (79,5)  0,87  0,59-1,30  1,09  0,63-1,86 
Puntajes ingreso
Probabilidad PIM3  0,57 (0,38-3,10)  0,57 (0,39-1,40)  0,59 (0,38-3,38)  1,00  0,99-1,01  1,00  0,99-1,01 
FSS puntaje basal  6 (6-7)  6 (6-7)  6 (6-7)  1,00  0,96-1,04  1,01  0,95-1,06 

Modelo de regresión logística mixto ajustado por país.

En negritas todos los valores estadísticamente significativos y subcategorías.

IC: intervalo de confianza; npVMI, ventilación mecánica no prolongada; OR: odds ratio cruda; ORa: odds ratio ajustada; PIM3: índice pediátrico de mortalidad; pVMI: ventilación mecánica prolongada; Ref: referencia; SpO2/FiO2: cociente SAFI.

a

Más de una etiología puede ser atribuida a un paciente.

b

Más de una comorbilidad puede ser atribuida a un paciente.

c

Prematurez, definido como una edad gestacional menor a 37 semanas.

d

Más de un hallazgo radiológico puede ser atribuido a un paciente.

e

No se incluye subcategoría de comorbilidades respiratorias para ajuste.

f

Ausencia de casos en grupo de ventilación prolongada.

El análisis multivariado mostró que la edad menor a 6 meses, la presencia de alguna comorbilidad, en especial la displasia broncopulmonar y aislamiento fúngico fueron factores independientes asociados a pVMI. Los pacientes con asma tuvieron menor probabilidad de relacionarse a pVMI (tabla 1).

Características de evolución y estancia en la unidad

Las características de evolución y estancia en la unidad se presentan en la tabla 2. También está disponible la comparación bivariada para otros puntos de corte reportados en la literatura al igual que la medida de tendencia central y dispersión del tiempo de ventilación por factor en la tablas 3 y 4.

Tabla 2.

Factores relacionados con la evolución y la estancia en la UCIP asociados a ventilación mecánica prolongada después del análisis multivariado

Características  n (%) o med (RIC)OR  IC del 95% 
  Todosn = 1.698  pVMIn = 382  npVMIn = 1.316     
Parámetros ventilatoriosa
Presión inspiratoria pico  26 (21-29)  28 (24-30)  25 (20-29)  1,05  (1,0-1,10) 
Presión media de vía aérea  13 (11-15)  14 (12-17)  12 (11-14)  1,07  (1,0-1,15) 
PEEP  6 (7-8)  6 (7-8)  6 (7-8)  1,40  (1,16-1,70) 
Frecuencia respiratoria  26 (22-35)  26 (22-35)  25 (20-30)  0,99  (0,98-1,00) 
FiO2  60 (50-80)  70 (50-100)  60 (50-80)  1,01  (1,01-1,02) 
SDRA
Presentar SDRA  462 (27,5)  121(26,9)  341 (73,8)  1,3  (1,02-1,68) 
Leve  73 (15,8)  7 (9,6)  66 (90,4)  (Ref.)   
Moderado  185(40,0)  40 (21,62)  145 (78,4)  2,60  (1,10-6,11) 
Severo  204(44,1)  74 (36,3)  130 (63,7)  5,36  (2,34-12,30) 
Terapias recibidas
Antibióticos  1.515 (89,9)  357 (23,6)  1158 (76,4)  1,95  1,24-3,08 
Antivirales  136 (8,0)  25 (18,4)  111 (81,6)  0,76  0,48-1,19 
Antifúngicos  70 (4,2)  41 (58,6)  29 (41,4)  5,32  3,25-8,68 
Corticoides  542 (32,2)  96 (17,7)  446 (83,0)  0,65  0,50-0,84 
Hemoderivados  508 (30,2)  211 (41,5)  297 (58,5)  4,28  3,36-5,44 
Bloqueo neuromuscular  76 (13,4)  229 (40,3)  339 (59,7)  4,31  3,39-5,47 
Decúbito prono  202 (11,9)  98 (48,5)  104 (51,5)  4,02  2,96-5,45 
Ventilación alta frecuencia  202(11,90)  129 (63,86)  73 (36,14)  8,68  6,32-11,92 
Óxido nítrico inhalado  29(1,70)  16 (55,17)  13 (44,83)  4,38  2,08-9,19 
Complicaciones asociadas a la ventilación
Fallo de destete  50 (2,9)  19 (38,0)  31 (62,0)  2,16  1,21-3,88 
Traqueostomía  15 (0,9)  12 (80,0)  3 (20,0)  14,19  3,98-50,5 
Síndrome de abstinencia  184 (10,0)  48 (26,1)  136 (73,9)  1,24  0,87-1,77 
Atelectasia  9 (0,5)  2 (22,2)  7 (77,8)  0,98  0,20-4,75 
Neumotórax  45 (2,6)  14 (31,1)  31 (68,9)  1,57  0,83-2,99 
Estenosis subglótica  16 (0,9)  4 (25,0)  12 (75,0)  1,14  0,36-3,58 
Extubación accidental  28 (1,6)  8 (28,57)  20 (71,4)  1,38  0,60-3,17 
Infección asociada al cuidado de salud
Alguna  109 (6,5)  50 (13,1)  59 (4,4)  3,21  2,16-4,77 
Asociada a dispositivo vascular  42 (2,50)  17 (40,5)  25 (59,5)  2,40  1,28-4,50 
Asociada a sonda ureteral  26 (1,50)  20 (76,9)  6 (23,1)  12,06  4,80-30,25 
Neumonía asociada ventilación mecánica  54 (3,2)  31 (57,4)  23 (42,6)  4,96  2,85-8,62 
Neumonía no asociada a VMI  40 (2,4)  14(35,0)  26(65,0)  0,07  0,97-3,65 
Infección de sitio quirúrgico  5 (0,30)  2(60,0)  3(40,0)  2,30  0,38-13,83 
Estado de egreso
Puntaje FSS egresob  7 (7-7)  7 (7-9)  7 (6-7)  1,15  1,09-1,21 
Diferencia FSS ingreso y egresoc  1(0-1)  1 (0-1)  1(0-1)  1,11  1,05-1,17 
Días de estancia  9 (5,9-12,9)  15,1 (11,5-21,9)  7,9 (5,2-10,4)  1,19  1,16-1,22 
Fallecidos  103 (6,1)  29 (28,2)  74 (71,8)  0,72  0,46-1,13 

Análisis bivariado.

En negrilla todos los valores estadísticamente significativos y subcategorías.

IC: intervalo de confianza; npVMI: ventilación mecánica no prolongada; OR: odds ratio crudo; ORa: odds ratio ajustada; pVMI: ventilación mecánica prolongada; Ref: referencia.

a

Parámetros ventilatorios, parámetros ventilatorios máximos durante estancia hospitalaria.

b

Puntaje FSS ingreso con 489 datos perdidos.

c

Diferencia de ingreso y egreso con 502 datos perdidos.

Tabla 3.

Análisis bivariado de la relación entre factores de ingreso y las diferentes definiciones de ventilación mecánica prolongada (pVMI) en la literatura médica

CaracterísticaspVMI 96h  pVMI 7 días  pVMI 14 días  pVMI 21 días  Mediana (p50) 
n=1048 (62%)  n=611 (36%)  n=146 (9%)  n=67 (4%)  RIQ (p25-p75) 
OR (IC95%)  OR (IC95%)  OR (IC95%)  OR (IC95%)  o [rho] 
Sexo
Femenino  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  5,2 (2,9-8,8) 
Masculino  1,06 (0,87-1,29)  0,95 (0,77-1,16)  0,76 (0,54-1,07)  0,83 (0,51-1,36)  5,2 (2,9-8,6) 
Edad
Lactantes menores de 6 meses  1,15 (0,92-1,45)  1,21 (0,96-1,52)  0,58 (0,40-0,86)  0,74 (0,42-1,32)  5,8 (3,3-9,0) 
Lactante de 6 a 24 meses  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  5,2 (3,0-8,4) 
Preescolar  0,56 (0,40-0,78)  0,59 (0,40-0,86)  0,89 (0,51-1,56)  0,76 (0,30-1,90)  3,9 (2,3-6,8) 
Escolar  0,47 (0,26-0,84)  0,51 (0,26-1,02)  0,72 (0,25-2,06)  1,44 (0,41-4,98)  3,1 (2,0-6,8) 
Adolescente  0,69 (0,44-1,08)  0,86 (0,54-1,38)  1,10 (0,56-2,20)  2,12 (0,91-4,91)  4,3 (2,5-8,6) 
Zona de procedencia
Urbana  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  5,4 (3,0-8,8) 
Suburbana/rural  0,72 (0,54-0,97)  0,66 (0,48-0,90)  0,49 (0,25-0,95)  0,81 (0,37-1,80)  4,7 (2,3-7,4) 
Previsión
Público  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  4,0 (2,5-6,9) 
Privado  2,44 (1,99-2,98)  2,62 (2,12-3,24)  1,92 (1,33-2,77)  1,33 (0,80-2,21)  6,6 (3,6-9,8) 
Diagnóstico de ingreso
Bronquiolitis  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  (Ref.)  6,7 (3,7-9,6) 
Neumonía  0,47 (0,38-0,59)  0,48 (0,38-0,60)  1,13 (0,78-1,64)  1,99 (1,15-3,44)  4,5 (2,6-7,6) 
Crisis asmática  0,31 (0,21-0,47)  0,26 (0,16-0,44)  0,54 (0,21-1,38)  1,02 (0,30-3,44)  3,6 (2,1-5,8) 
Otro  0,34 (0,24-0,47)  0,39 (0,26-0,56)  1,15 (0,65-2,03)  2,20 (1,03-4,68)  3,4 (1,8-6,9) 
Sepsis
Presentar sepsis  0,79 (0,63-0,98)  0,73 (0,58-0,92)  1,00 (0,68-1,48)  1,65 (0,99-2,76)  4,7 (2,8-7,9) 
Sepsis sin criterios de severidad  0,65 (0,47-0,91)  0,59 (0,41-0,86)  0,71 (0,37-1,39)  1,37 (0,64-2,92)  4,2 (2,7-7,4) 
Choque séptico  0,81 (0,61-1,09)  0,92 (0,68-1,24)  1,32 (0,82-2,11)  1,37 (0,70-2,65)  4,9 (3,0-7,9) 
Sepsis grave  1,51 (0,89-2,57)  0,90 (0,54-1,51)  0,84 (0,33-2,12)  2,01 (0,78-5,16)  5,2 (2,6-8,6) 
Falla multiorgánica  1,59 (0,93-2,73)  1,88 (1,15-3,07)  2,71 (1,44-5,09)  4,84 (2,35-9,97)  7,4 (3,4-11,5) 
Infeccióna
Infección viral  2,26 (1,78-2,88)  1,80 (1,38-2,35)  1,13 (0,73-1,75)  0,88 (0,49-1,58)  5,7 (3,3-8,8) 
Infección bacteriana  0,57 (0,46-0,70)  0,52 (0,42-0,64)  0,85 (0,59-1,22)  1,45 (0,89-2,37)  4,4 (2,5-7,4) 
Infección fúngica  5,33 (1,23-23,16)  5,07 (1,82-14,14)  6,46 (2,50-16,67)  9,31 (3,25-26,66)  10,1 (5,1-21,3) 
Comorbilidadesb
Algunae  0,73 (0,59-0,89)  0,81 (0,66-0,99)  1,25 (0,89-1,76)  1,37 (0,84-2,24)  4,8 (2,7-8,5) 
Cardiopatía  0,84 (0,55-1,28)  1,04 (0,68-1,60)  0,98 (0,46-2,05)  0,78 (0,24-2,54)  5,0 (2,6-8,6) 
Prematurezc  1,12 (0,83-1,52)  1,09 (0,81-1,47)  1,07 (0,65-1,78)  0,69 (0,30-1,62)  5,7 (3,0-8,8) 
Desnutrición  1,00 (0,61-1,61)  1,25 (0,78-2,02)  0,77 (0,31-1,95)  0,68 (0,16-2,81)  5,4 (2,9-9,9) 
Genopatía  0,61 (0,35-1,05)  1,05 (0,60-1,84)  2,20 (1,05-4,59)  2,60 (1,00-6,76)  4,3 (2,5-9,9) 
Neurológicas  0,69 (0,44-1,09)  1,03 (0,65-1,65)  2,66 (1,47-4,80)  3,97 (1,94-8,10)  4,7 (2,5-10,9) 
Enfermedad oncológica  0,82 (0,28-2,39)  0,99 (0,33-2,96)  1,78 (0,39-8,04)  1,88 (0,24-14,62)  4,5 (2,6-9,2) 
Trasplante de medula ósea  0,93 (0,15-5,57)  1,19 (0,20-7,11)  7,17 (1,19-43,24)  4,8 (0,7-14,8) 
Comorbilidades respiratorias  0,69 (0,54-0,87)  0,84 (0,66-1,07)  1,43 (0,98-2,09)  1,54 (0,90-2,63)  4,7 (2,7-8,8) 
Displasia broncopulmonar  1,07 (1,00-1,14)  1,97 (1,29-3,01)  2,22 (1,24-3,98)  1,45 (0,57-3,69)  7,3 (3,6-11,2) 
Daño pulmonar crónico  0,93 (0,47-1,84)  1,34 (0,68-2,64)  3,27 (1,46-7,34)  5,43 (2,17-13,56)  6,3 (2,5-13,3) 
Asma o sibilante  0,58 (0,44-0,78)  0,64 (0,47-0,89)  1,01 (0,60-1,70)  1,12 (0,55-2,30)  4,0 (2,6-7,6) 
Otras respiratorias  0,47 (0,30-0,73)  0,54 (0,32-0,90)  1,13 (0,53-2,38)  1,23 (0,44-3,46)  3,7 (1,9-6,9) 
Parámetros respiratorios y oxigenación de ingreso
Fracción inspirada O2 (FiO2)  1,020 (1,016-1,024)  1,017 (1,013-1,021)  1,009 (1,002-1,015)  1,009 (1,000-1,018)  [0,24]e 
Saturación O2 (SpO2)  1,010 (0,996-1,024)  0,996 (0,983-1,010)  1,002 (0,978-1,026)  0,984 (0,958-1,011)  [0,05]e 
Frecuencia respiratoria  0,984 (0,959-1,009)  0,983 (0,955-1,011)  0,969 (0,920-1,020)  0,929 (0,856-1,009)  [-0,08]e 
Frecuencia cardiaca  0,999 (0,995-1,002)  0,997 (0,993-1,000)  0,992 (0,986-0,998)  0,989 (0,980-0,997)  [-0,02]e 
SpO2/FiO2  0,995 (0,994-0,996)  0,995 (0,994-0,996)  0,997 (0,995-0,999)  0,997 (0,994-1,000)  [-0,22]e 
Hallazgos radiológicosd
Normal  0,43 (0,24-0,77)  0,65 (0,34-1,24)  0,96 (0,34-2,72)  2,29 (0,80-6,57)  3,1 (2,0-7,2) 
Hiperinsuflación  0,58 (0,46-0,73)  0,44 (0,34-0,57)  0,70 (0,45-1,08)  0,87 (0,48-1,58)  4,1 (2,8-6,7) 
Condensación  0,55 (0,44-0,68)  0,52 (0,41-0,66)  0,83 (0,56-1,24)  1,28 (0,76-2,15)  4,2 (2,5-7,1) 
Infiltrado intersticial  2,16 (1,75-2,65)  2,00 (1,60-2,50)  1,30 (0,89-1,89)  1,01 (0,60-1,70)  6,0 (3,3-9,1) 
Neumotórax  0,33 (0,13-0,83)  0,31 (0,09-1,06)  3,0 (1,0-5,3) 
Derrame pleural  0,59 (0,36-0,97)  0,48 (0,26-0,87)  0,88 (0,35-2,23)  0,77 (0,18-3,20)  3,9 (1,0-5,4) 
Cardiomegalia  0,69 (0,39-1,20)  0,73 (0,40-1,35)  1,16 (0,45-2,97)  1,54 (0,47-5,09)  4,8 (1,4-7,9) 
Otro  0,69 (0,50-0,95)  0,79 (0,56-1,12)  0,66 (0,34-1,28)  0,90 (0,38-2,12)  4,6 (2,6-8,0) 
Puntajes ingreso
Probabilidad PIM3  0,99 (0,98-1,00)  0,99 (0,98-1,00)  1,009 (0,99-1,02)  1,02 (1,01-1,03)  [-0,07]e 
FSS puntaje basal  0,97 (0,94-1,01)  0,98 (0,94-1,01)  1,041 (0,99-1,10)  1,06 (1,01-1,13)  [0,16]e 

Análisis bivariado por modelo de regresión logística simple.

pVMI: ventilación mecánica prolongada; OR: odds ratio crudo; IC: intervalo de confianza; Spo2/Fio2: cociente saturación sobre fracción inspirada de oxígeno; PIM3: índice pediátrico de mortalidad versión 3; ref.: grupo de referencia.

Subrayados todos los valores estadísticamente significativos abajo de 1, en negrita, los significativos mayores de 1.

a

Más de una etiología puede ser atribuida a un paciente.

b

Más de una comorbilidad puede ser atribuida a un paciente.

c

Prematurez, definido como una edad gestacional menor a 37 semanas.

d

Más de un hallazgo radiológico puede ser atribuido a un paciente.

e

Coeficiente rho de correlación Spearman para la comparación entre variables continuas y el tiempo de ventilación.

Tabla 4.

Análisis bivariado de la relación entre factores de evolución y estancia en UCIP y las diferentes definiciones de ventilación mecánica prolongada (pVMI) en la literatura médica

CaracterísticaspVMI 96 h  pVMI 7 días  pVMI 14 días  pVMI 21 días  Mediana (p50) 
n=1048 (62%)  n=611 (36%)  n=146 (9%)  n=67 (4%)  RIQ (p25-p75) 
OR (IC95%)  OR (IC95%)  OR (IC95%)  OR (IC95%)  o [rho] 
Parámetros ventilatorios máximos
Presión inspiratoria pico  1,04 (1.06-1,08)  1,03 (1.01-1,04)  1,00 (0,99-1,01)  0,99 (0,98-1,00)  [0,29]c 
Presión media de vía aérea  1,13(1,10-1,17)  1,07 (1,05-1,10)  0,98 (0,96-1,00)  0,96 (0,93-0,98)  [0,37]c 
PEEP  1,31 (1,23-1,40)  1,18 (1,12-1,24)  1,12 (1,06-1,18)  1,09(1,03-1,15)  [0,25]c 
Frecuencia respiratoria  1,01 (0,99-1,01)  1,06 (0,99-1,01)  1,01 (1,01-1,02)  1,02 (1,01-1,03)  [0,23]c 
FiO2  1,01 (1,01-1,02)  1,06 (1,00-1,01)  0.99 (0,98-0,99)  0,98 (0,98-0,99)  [-0,16]c 
SDRA
Presentar SDRA  1,26 (1,01-1,59)  1,08 (0,87-1,35)  1,93 (1,36-2,74)  2,28 (1,39-3,75)  5,4 (3,2-9,4) 
Leve  (Ref,)  (Ref,)  (Ref,)  (Ref,)  4,5 (3,1-6,5) 
Moderado  1,08 (0,62-1,89)  1,68 (0,88-3,21)  2,21 (0,62-7,82)  4,8 (3,3-7,9) 
Severo  1,62 (0,93-2,83)  3,87 (2,06-7,26)  5,69 (1,70-19,01)  7,0 (3,3-11,8) 
Terapias recibidas
Antibióticos  2,46 (1,78-3,40)  2,08 (1,43-3,03)  2,32 (1,07-5,04)  2,40 (0,75-7,73)  5,5 (3,1-8,8) 
Antivirales  0,87 (0,61-1,25)  0,75 (0,51-1,10)  0,94 (0,50-1,79)  0,93 (0,37-2,35)  4,8 (2,8-7,7) 
Antifúngicos  5,85 (2,66-12,85)  3,83 (2,30-6,38)  6,96 (4,12-11,75)  8,34 (4,42-15,74)  11,0 (6,4-17,8) 
Corticoides  0,62 (0,50-0,76)  0,60 (0,48-0,74)  0,99 (0,68-1,42)  1,48 (0,90-2,45)  4,5 (2,7-7,6) 
Hemoderivados  2,45 (1,94-3,09)  2,93 (2,36-3,64)  4,18 (2,94-5,96)  2,91 (1,77-4,78)  7,8 (4,1-11,9) 
Bloqueo neuromuscular  4,65 (3,63-5,95)  4,44 (3,58-5,51)  3,97 (2,79-5,66)  2,72 (1,66-4,46)  7,9 (5,0-11,7) 
Decúbito prono  5,07 (3,30-7,81)  4,00 (2,94-5,45)  5,56 (3,82-8,11)  3,94 (2,31-6,71)  8,9 (5,6-14,8) 
Ventilación alta frecuencia  12,93 (6,98-23,94)  12,70 (8,56-18,82)  5,99 (4,12-8,71)  3,65 (2,13-6,26)  10,6 (7,9-14,8) 
Óxido nítrico inhalado  5,48 (1,65-18,17)  3,45 (1,60-7,48)  6,94 (3,21-14,99)  4,08 (1,38-12,06)  11,0 (5,9-17,6) 
Complicaciones asociadas a la ventilación
Fallo de destete  4,70 (1,99-11,08)  3,00 (1,68-5,36)  3,57 (1,82-6,99)  4,31 (1,86-9,97)  8,0 (5,7-13,9) 
Traqueostomía  2,49 (0,70-8,87)  7,23 (2,03-25,73)  22,74 (7,66-67,47)  23,65 (8,31-67,37)  17,8 (11,6-45,1) 
Síndrome de abstinencia  2,91 (1,98-4,26)  1,46 (1,07-1,99)  1,26 (0,76-2,09)  1,29 (0,63-2,65)  6,6 (4,5-9,8) 
Atelectasia  1,24 (0,31-4,97)  1,42 (0,38-5,33)  1,33 (0,17-10,71)  6,1 (3,4-8,5) 
Neumotórax  1,38 (0,73-2,62)  1,58 (0,87-2,85)  1,34 (0,52-3,45)  1,77 (0,54-5,87)  6,8 (3,0-10,9) 
Estenosis subglótica  1,87 (0,60-5,82)  1,79 (0,67-4,79)  1,52 (0,34-6,78)  1,63 (0,21-12,54)  7,2 (4,0-9,2) 
Extubación accidental  0,82 (0,39-1,75)  1,34 (0,63-2,85)  2,36 (0,88-6,29)  4,25 (1,43-12,61)  5,6 (2,8-10,7) 
Infección asociada al cuidado de salud
Alguna  2,73 (1,68-4,44)  3,32 (2,22-4,97)  3,65 (2,25-5,93)  4,38 (2,34-8,20)  8,6 (5,0-13,9) 
Asociada a dispositivo vascular  2,31 (1,10-4,86)  2,68 (1,44-5,01)  4,00 (1,96-8,13)  4,36 (1,77-10,73)  8,0 (4,5-15,1) 
Asociada a sonda ureteral  4,83 (1,44-16,16)  10,10 (3,47-29,46)  8,34 (3,76-18,53)  9,89 (4,01-24,43)  13,6 (9,5-21,3) 
Neumonía asociada ventilación mecánica  5,14 (2,19-12,09)  8,35 (4,17-16,72)  4,44 (2,38-8,27)  5,47 (2,55-11,71)  10,4 (7,6-15,8) 
Neumonía no asociada a VMI  2,98 (1,31-6,78)  2,73 (1,44-5,19)  0,86 (0,26-2,82)  1,29 (0,30-5,46)  7,9 (5,1-10,1) 
Infección de sitio quirúrgico  0,41 (0,07-2,47)  1,19 (0,20-7,11)  3,9 (2,9-10,7) 
Estado de egreso
Puntaje FSS egresoa  1,04 (0,98-1,10)  1,09 (1,03-1,14)  1,15 (1,08-1,22)  1,20 (1,13-1,29)  [0,21]c 
Diferencia FSS ingreso y egresob  1,06 (1,014-1,10)  1,09 (1,046-1,15)  1,07 (0,99-1,15)  1,14 (1,03-1,24)  [0,17]c 
Días de estancia  1,31 (1,27-1,35)  1,24 (1,207-1,27)  1,11 (1,01-1,14)  1,094 (1,07-1,11)  [0,69]c 
Fallecidos  0,64 (0,43-0,95)  0,99 (0,66-1,51)  1,90 (1,07-3,38)  1,90 (0,84-4,27)  4,3 (1,2-9,9) 

Análisis bivariado por modelo de regresión logística simple.

pVMI: ventilación mecánica prolongada; OR: odds ratio; IC: intervalo de confianza; ref.: referencia.

Subrayados todos los valores estadísticamente significativos abajo de 1, en negrita, los significativos mayores de 1.

a

Puntaje FSS ingreso con 489 datos perdidos.

b

Diferencia de ingreso y egreso con 502 datos perdidos.

c

Coeficiente rho de correlación Spearman para la comparación entre variables continuas y el tiempo de ventilación.

El modelo multivariado mostró que el grupo de pacientes con pVMI requirió mayor uso de antifúngicos, hemoderivados, bloqueo neuromuscular y ventilación de alta frecuencia. Así mismo presentaron un mayor riesgo de presentar infecciones asociadas a cuidado de salud, en especial neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica invasiva y necesidad de traqueostomía. También se identificó que los pacientes que requerían durante la estancia hospitalaria utilizaron una presión media máxima de la vía aérea mayor a 13 (tabla 5) y presentaron una mayor estancia hospitalaria, sin presentar diferencias en mortalidad.

Tabla 5.

Factores relacionados con la evolución y la estancia en la UCIP asociados a ventilación mecánica prolongada después del análisis multivariado

Factor  OR ajustada  IC del 95% 
Presión media de vía aéreaa
Presión de vía aérea media menor a 13  (ref.)   
Presión de vía aérea media mayor o igual a 13  1,57  1,12-2,21 
Terapias recibidas
Antifúngicos  2,55  1,31-4,96 
Hemoderivados  2,94  2,18-3,96 
Bloqueo neuromuscular  2,08  1,48-2,93 
Ventilación alta frecuencia  2,91  1,89-4,48 
Complicaciones
Traqueostomía  2,91  1,89-4,48 
Infección asociada a cuidado de la salud  2,53  1,39-4,60 
Neumonía asociada ventilación mecánica  4,27  1,79-10,20 
Estancia hospitalaria  1,13  1,10-1,16 

Modelo de regresión logística mixto ajustado por país.

En negritas subcategorías.

No se incluye FSS egreso, diferencia de FSS ingreso y egreso por datos faltantes.

IC: intervalo de confianza; ORa: odds ratio ajustada; ref.: referencia.

a

Máximo valor documentado de presión media de vía aérea durante la ventilación mecánica invasiva.

Discusión

El resultado principal del análisis de esta cohorte multicéntrica contemporánea de pacientes en VMI fue la identificación de los 9 días como punto de corte diferencial, que aporte a la definición de ventilación prolongada, basados en desenlaces de importancia en la práctica clínica diaria: mayor porcentaje de disfunción multiorgánica, presencia de SDRA, mayor cantidad de infecciones asociadas al cuidado y mayor uso de terapias auxiliares (como bloqueo neuromuscular, antibióticos, posición prono y VAFO), en aquellos con más de 9 días de VMI.

En pediatría no existe un consenso sobre pVMI y la evidencia para una definición apropiada es escasa. Esta brecha de conocimiento genera una gran variabilidad en la interpretación en los resultados de los diferentes estudios. Las definiciones más usadas en la literatura para pVMI son el requerimiento de ventilación mecánica invasiva por un tiempo mayor a 72 h19-21, 7 días8,22-26, 14 días27-29 y hasta 21 días6,30-31. En este estudio de la cohorte de LARed utilizamos una aproximación diferente. La PVMI se estableció como una duración mayor a 9 días, basado en el estadístico de dispersión percentil 75, incluyendo 22,5% de los casos en este grupo.

La frecuencia de pVMI de la cohorte analizada es difícil de comparar con otros reportes debido a la diferencia de definiciones y heterogeneidad de pacientes32. En nuestra cohorte 73,6% de pacientes tuvo una duración de VMI mayor a 72 h, 36% mayor a 7 días, 8,5% mayor a 14 días y 3,9% mayor a 21 días, datos similares a los obtenidos en el análisis de otras cohortes de pacientes con FRA22-24,27-31. Así mismo se obtuvo una mediana de 5,23 días de ventilación (2,92-8,62 días), similar al grupo de SDRA leve del estudio PARDIE con mediana de 5,9 días de ventilación (4,0-10,2 días)33.

No obstante, en esta cohorte homogénea de pacientes con falla respiratoria aguda, encontramos que la edad menor de 6 meses y la presencia de comorbilidades, específicamente displasia broncopulmonar, como factores de riesgo temprano para pVMI. Otros estudios en población general de UCI también han descrito que lactantes menores y prematuros o la presencia de comorbilidades se asocian a una pVMI6-8. Es interesante nuestro resultado de asociación negativa entre asma como diagnóstico principal de conexión a VMI y pVMI. El tiempo de duración con soporte ventilatorio fue menor de los pacientes con asma en comparación con bronquiolitis y neumonía, similar a lo reportado en otras cohortes34-37. Esto podría ser explicado por el mecanismo fisiopatológico, el cual tiende a ser revertido con frecuencia en un tiempo corto en la mayoría de los pacientes con una terapia adecuada37-39.

Se ha reportado que la coinfección bacteriana en pacientes con infección respiratoria por virus sincicial respiratorio tiene una duración mayor en los días de ventilación mecánica40. En nuestro estudio no se presentó una asociación con infección de etiología bacteriana o viral con pVMI, sin embargo, la decisión de iniciar terapia antibiótica sí fue un factor asociado a pVMI en el análisis univariado, lo que podría ser considerado como un marcador indirecto de sepsis o infección, incluso en ausencia de un cultivo positivo. El diagnóstico de infección fúngica sí tuvo una asociación fuerte con pVMI.

La relación entre un puntaje alto en estas escalas de severidad como predictor de ventilación prolongada es un tema controvertido. Payen et al. encontró una asociación entre el puntaje PRIMS y pVMI7. En nuestro estudio utilizamos la escala PIM3 y no encontramos una asociación con pVMI, es decir, no necesariamente el paciente más grave en el momento del ingreso está más tiempo en VMI.

La disfunción del sistema respiratorio se presentó con mayor frecuencia en pVMI; un mayor número de casos de SDRA y requerimiento de mayor soporte ventilatorio. Sin embargo, solo la presión media de vía aérea mayor 13 tuvo asociación significativa en el análisis multivariado. A diferencia de otras series, no encontramos una asociación de pVMI con el grado de hipoxemia, pero sí el uso de terapias como bloqueo neuromuscular y ventilación de alta frecuencia. El grupo de pVMI requirió más hemoderivados, similar a lo descrito en una cohorte de UCIP general por Monteverde et al.6.

En el análisis multivariado encontramos una asociación entre pVMI e infección asociada a cuidado de salud, especialmente de NAVM. Esto también ha sido reportado en población general de UCIP y en cardiooperados6. Otros estudios han demostrado una mayor mortalidad en pacientes con una ventilación mecánica por un tiempo más prolongado al de la media habitual. La mortalidad en pVMI fue 7%, pero no significativamente mayor a la cohorte. Sin embargo, pVMI estuvo asociado a una mayor estancia y requerimiento de traqueostomía. Los pacientes con pVMI tuvieron un peor puntaje en la escala FSS en el momento del egreso de la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico. Las escalas de estado funcional no se han reportado en cohortes previas de pVMI, pero es un resultado clínico de gran importancia evaluando más allá de la mortalidad en la fase aguda, sino el efecto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes

Nuestro estudio presenta limitaciones. En primer lugar, debido a la falta de una definición de consenso de ventilación mecánica prolongada en pediatría, optamos utilizar una definición estadística basada en la distribución de nuestra población. Si bien reconocemos que esta selección puede considerarse arbitraria, nos permitió caracterizar de manera precisa un subgrupo significativo de niños en ventilación prolongada y obtener resultados clínicos relevantes. No obstante, es importante tener en cuenta que la aplicabilidad de estos resultados a otras series o cohortes puede ser limitada, por lo que debe requiere de la validación mediante la replicación de nuestros hallazgos en otras cohortes. En segundo lugar, una limitación clave del estudio es la falta de acceso a la temporalidad de los eventos posteriores a los 9 días de ventilación mecánica invasiva debido a la forma en que se construyó la base de datos. Como consecuencia, no pudimos establecer un orden causal con los datos disponibles. En tercer lugar, nuestro estudio es retrospectivo y se basa en el análisis secundario de una cohorte de pacientes con FRA, lo que limita el análisis a las variables presentes en la base de datos. Además, la duración de la ventilación mecánica y otros desenlaces pueden verse influidos por la variabilidad en la práctica médica entre las instituciones. Para mitigar esto, utilizamos un modelo de regresión logística mixto ajustado. Una cuarta limitación importante de nuestro estudio es la falta de información clínica al momento de la intubación de los pacientes. La inclusión de este dato habría permitido un análisis más preciso de la relación entre la ventilación prolongada y otros factores de riesgo y desenlaces clínicos. Sin embargo, debido a la forma en que se recopiló la información en la base de datos, solo pudimos acceder a los datos de ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Por último, es importante tener en cuenta que la asociación de factores no indica causalidad. Por lo tanto, nuestros resultados deben interpretarse con precaución y no deben utilizarse para establecer conclusiones definitivas sobre la relación entre la ventilación prolongada y los factores de riesgo de ingreso o eventos posteriores en pacientes con FRA.

Conclusiones

En nuestro estudio, observamos que ciertos factores al ingreso, durante la evolución y la estancia en UCIP están relacionados con una prolongación de la ventilación mecánica, definido como una duración mayor al percentil 75 de la población (9 días). Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio nos permitirían intervenir en factores de riesgo modificables y promover una liberación más temprana de la ventilación mecánica, con el objetivo de evitar complicaciones y desenlaces negativos. Nuestros datos pueden servir para proponer una forma de definir pVMP, así como utilizarse como métrica de estrategias de mejoría de calidad asistencial. Se requiere la realización de trabajos futuros para confirmar estas relaciones y, en especial, para establecer si también existe una relación entre la prolongación de la ventilación mecánica y la aparición de nuevas morbilidades.

Autoría

Juan Sebastián Barajas-Romero, Pablo Vásquez-Hoyos, Sebastian Gonzalez-Dambrauskas, Franco Díaz, Pietro Pietroboni participaron en la concepción y el diseño del estudio.

Pablo Vásquez-Hoyos, Rosalba Pardo, Juan Camilo Jaramillo-Bustamante, Regina Grigolli, Nicolas Monteverde-Fernández, Roberto Jabornisky, Pablo Cruces, Adriana Wegner, Pietro Pietroboni con la adquisición de datos.

Juan Sebastian Barajas-Romero, Pablo Vásquez-Hoyos, Sebastian Gonzalez-Dambrauskas, Franco Díaz con el análisis y la interpretación de los datos y el borrador del artículo.

Todos los autores colaboraron con la revisión crítica del contenido intelectual y la aprobación definitiva de la versión que se presenta.

Agradecimientos

A todo el grupo de investigadores de LARed Network que hace posible este tipo de análisis.

Anexo
Colaboradores de la Red Colaborativa Pediátrica de Latinoamérica (LARed Network)

Argentina

(AR) Hospital Juan Pablo II, Corrientes: Roberto Jabornisky, Fernando Español, Silvina Muzzio.

(AR) Hospital Regional Olga Stucky de Rizzi, Reconquista, Santa Fe: Alejandro Mansur, Evelin Cidral, Carlos Rodriguez, Roberto Jabornisky.

(AR) Hospital Durand, Bueno Aires: Analía Fernández, Diego Vinciguerra, Jorgelina Loyoco.

(AR) Hospital Pediátrico Alexander Fleming, Mendoza: Diego Aranda, Javier Figueroa, Patricia Correa.

Bolivia

(BO) Caja Nacional de Salud, La Paz: Antonio Bravo.

(BO) Hospital Materno Infantil Boliviano Japonés, Trinidad: Miguel Céspedes Lesczinsky, Zurama Velasco.

(BO) Hospital Regional San Juan de Dios, Tarija: Nils Casson Rodriguez, Estela Perales Ibañez.

(BO) Hospital del Niño Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uría, La Paz: Vladimir Aguilera Avendaño, Alfredo Rodríguez Vargas, Miguel Quispe Huanca, Gregorio Mariscal Quenta.

Brasil

(BR) Hospital Infantil Sabará, San Pablo: Andrea Aparecida Freitas Souza, Thais Oliveira Franco, Nelson Kazunobu Horigoshi, Regina Grigolli Cesar.

Chile

(CL) Complejo Asistencial Dr. Víctor Ríos Ruíz Los Ángeles, Diego Aranguiz Quintanilla, Juan Sepúlveda Sepúlveda, Ivette Padilla Maldonado

(CL) Hospital Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sotero del Rio, Santiago: Adriana Wegner, Pamela Céspedes.

(CL) Hospital Clínico Metropolitano La Florida, Santiago: Alejandro Donoso, María José Núñez Sanchez.

(CL) Hospital El Carmen Dr. Luis Valentín Ferrada, Maipú: Pablo Cruces, Franco Díaz, Tamara Córdova.

(CL) Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago: Francisca Castro Zamorano, Javier Varela, Ricardo Carvajal Veas.

(CL) Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago: Carlos Acuña, Carolina Chandia, Jecar Neghme.

(CL) Hospital Regional de Antofagasta, Antofagasta: Pietro Pietroboni Fuster.

Colombia

(CO) Clínica Infantil de Colsubsidio, Bogotá: Alexandra Jimenez, Rosalba Pardo.

(CO) Hospital General de Medellín Luz Castro de Gutiérrez E.S.E. Medellín: Juan Camilo Jaramillo-Bustamante, Yúrika Paola López Alarcón.

(CO) Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá Hospital de San José, Bogotá: Pablo Vásquez-Hoyos.

(CO) Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali: Carlos Reina, Ruben Lasso, Sandra Concha.

(CO) Hospital Susana Lopez de Valencia, Popayán: Eliana Zemanate.

(CO) Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín: Francisco Javier Montoya Ochoa, Andrea Betancur Franco.

(CO) Clínica UROS, Neiva: Boris Dussan, Ivan Ardila, Jennifer Silva.

Costa Rica

(CR) Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose: Ericka Ureña Chavarría, Jose Rosales Fernandez, Silvia Sanabria Fonseca.

Ecuador

(EC) Hospital Ingles, Quito: Maria Parada.

(EC) Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito: Andres Salazar, Jaime Fárez.

Surinam

(SR) Academic Pediatric Center Suriname Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo: Aartie Nannan-Toekoen, Juliana Amadu, Ragna Wolf.

Uruguay

(UY) Medica Uruguaya (MUCAM), Montevideo: Nicolas Monteverde-Fernandez.

(UY) COMEPA (Corporación Médica de Paysandú), Paysandú: Luis Martínez, Silvia Dubra.

(UY) Asociación Española: Alicia Fernández, Rodrigo Franchi.

(UY) Hospital Regional Salto, Salto: Luis Pedrozo, Alejandro Franco.

(UY) Círculo Católico de Obreros del Uruguay, Montevideo: Ema Benech, Mónica Carro.

(UY) Dirección Nacional de Sanidad Policial-Hospital Policial, Montevideo: Mercedes Ruibal, Andrea Iroa, Raúl Navatta, Magalí España.

(UY) Casa de Galicia, Montevideo: Alberto Serra, Fátima Varela, Bernardo Alonso.

(UY) Hospital Regional de Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó: Jorge Pastorini, Soledad Menta, Laura Madruga.

(UY) Hospital Central de las FFAA, Montevideo: Cristina Courtie, Javier Martínez, Krystel Cantirán.

(UY) CAMDEL (Cooperativa Asistencial Medica de Lavalleja): Luis Castro, Patricia Clavijo, Argelia Cantera.

(UY) COMECA (Cooperativa Medica de Canelones), Canelones: Bernardo Alonso, María Jose Caggiano, Carolina Talasimov.

(UY) Sanatorio SEMM-Mautone, Montevideo: Karina Etulain, Maria Parada, Nora Mouta, Maria José Corbo.

(UY) Hospital Evangélico del Uruguay, Montevideo: Eugenia Amaya, Verónica Etchevarren, Cecilia Mislej.

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El listado de colaboradores de la Red Colaborativa Pediátrica de Latinoamérica (LARed Network) se puede consultar en el anexo.

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