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Original article
Available online 20 January 2025
Predictive performance of ROX index and its variations for NIV failure
Rendimiento predictivo del índice ROX y sus variaciones para el fallo del VNI
Lada Lijovića,b,
Corresponding author
l.lijovic@amsterdamumc.nl

Corresponding author.
, Tomislav Radočajb, Nataša Kovačb, Marinko Vučićb, Paul Elbersa
a Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Laboratory for Critical Care Computational Intelligence, Amsterdam Medical Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
b Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
Received 17 August 2024. Accepted 22 October 2024
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Table 1. Patient characteristics at admission.
Table 2. Data availability and differences in computed indices and outcomes between NIV success and NIV failure groups.
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Abstract
Objective

To determine whether the ROX index and its variations can predict the risk of intubation in ICU patients receiving NIV ventilation using large public ICU databases.

Design

Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting

Patient data was extracted from both the AmsterdamUMCdb and the MIMIC-IV ICU databases, which contained data related to 20,109 and 50,920 unique patients.

Patients

Non-invasively mechanically ventilated.

Interventions

Retrospective review of variables.

Main variables of interest

To assess the predictive values of models for each index, the ROX and its variations mROX, ROX-HR and mROX-HR were calculated based on mean values of SpO2, respiratory rate, FiO2 and PaO2 from 2-h windows within the first 12 h of NIV.

Results

3344 patients were eligible for analysis of which 1344 were intubated, died or returned to NIV within 24 h of ending NIV. NIV failure group had higher SOFA scores and higher CRP levels at admission. There was no difference in duration of NIV therapy or 28-day mortality, but patients who failed NIV had longer length of stay. The best performing index was ROX with an AUROC of 0.626 at 10−12 h. All other indices for all other time windows were less discriminating.

Conclusions

The performance of ROX index and its variations to predict NIV failure in ICU patients across large public ICU databases was moderate at best and cannot currently be recommended for clinical decision support.

Keywords:
Respiratory failure
Noninvasive ventilation
Critical care
Big data
Database
Resumen
Objetivo

Determinar si el índice ROX y sus variaciones pueden predecir el riesgo de intubación en pacientes de UCI que reciben ventilación VNI, utilizando grandes bases de datos públicas de UCI.

Diseño

Estudio de cohorts observacional retrospectivo.

Ámbito

Los datos de los pacientes de las bases de datos AmsterdamUMCdb y MIMIC-IV ICU, que contienen datos relacionados con 20.109 y 50.920 pacientes únicos.

Pacientes

Que recibieron ventilación mecánica no invasiva.

Intervenciones

Recogida de variables retrospectiva.

Variables de interés principales

El cálculo de ROX, mROX, ROX-HR y mROX-HR se basó en valores medios de SpO2, frecuencia respiratoria, FiO2 y PaO2 en periodos de 2 horas durante las primeras 12 horas de VNI. Se utilizó regresión logística para evaluar el valor predictivo de cada modelo.

Resultados

3.344 pacientes fueron elegibles para el análisis, de los cuales 1.344 fueron intubados, murieron o regresaron a VNI dentro de las 24 horas posteriores a suspender la VNI. El grupo con fracaso de VNI tenía valores SOFA y niveles de PCR más altos al ingreso. No hubo diferencia en la duración de la terapia de VNI ni en la mortalidad a los 28 días, pero los pacientes que fracasaron en la VNI tuvieron una estancia hospitalaria más prolongada. La mejor actuación la tuvo el índice ROX con un AUROC de 0.626 a las 10−12 horas. Todos los demás índices en todos los demás períodos de tiempo fueron menos discriminatorios.

Conclusión

El rendimiento del índice ROX y sus variaciones para predecir el fracaso de la VNI en pacientes de UCI a través de grandes bases de datos públicas de UCI fue, en el mejor de los casos, moderado y actualmente no puede recomendarse para el apoyo en decisiones clínicas.

Palabras clave:
Insuficiencia respiratoria
Ventilación no invasiva
Cuidado intensivo
Bases de datos

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