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Comparing lung aeration and respiratory effort using two different spontaneous breathing trial: T-piece vs pressure support ventilation
Comparación de la aireación pulmonar y el esfuerzo respiratorio utilizando dos pruebas de respiración espontánea diferentes: tubo en T vs ventilación con presión de soporte
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Raquel Bosch-Comptea,
Corresponding author
, Francisco José Parrillaa, Rosana Muñoz-Bermúdeza, Irene Dota, Cristina Climenta, Joan Ramon Masclansa,b, Judith Marin-Corrala,c,1, Purificación Pérez-Terána,1
a Critical Care Department, Hospital del Mar, Critical Illness Research Group (GREPAC), Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
b Medicine and Life Sciences Department (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
c Division of Pulmonary Diseases & Critical Care Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Care System and University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Received 19 May 2023. Accepted 30 June 2023
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Abstract
Objective

To assess the changes in lung aeration and respiratory effort generated by two different spontaneous breathing trial (SBT): T-piece (T-T) vs pressure support ventilation (PSV).

Design

Prospective, interventionist and randomized study.

Setting

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Hospital del Mar.

Participants

Forty-three ventilated patients for at least 24 h and considered eligible for an SBT were included in the study between October 2017 and March 2020.

Interventions

30-min SBT with T-piece (T-T group, 20 patients) or 8-cmH2O PSV and 5-cmH2O positive end expiratory pressure (PSV group, 23 patients).

Main variables of interest

Demographics, clinical data, physiological variables, lung aeration evaluated with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and lung ultrasound (LUS), and respiratory effort using diaphragmatic ultrasonography (DU) were collected at different timepoints: basal (BSL), end of SBT (EoSBT) and one hour after extubation (OTE).

Results

There were a loss of aeration measured with EIT and LUS in the different study timepoints, without statistical differences from BSL to OTE, between T-T and PSV [LUS: 3 (1, 5.5) AU vs 2 (1, 3) AU; p = 0.088; EELI: −2516.41 (−5871.88, 1090.46) AU vs −1992.4 (−3458.76, −5.07) AU; p = 0.918]. Percentage of variation between BSL and OTE, was greater when LUS was used compared to EIT (68.1% vs 4.9%, p ≤ 0.001). Diaphragmatic excursion trend to decrease coinciding with a loss of aeration during extubation.

Conclusion

T-T and PSV as different SBT strategies in ventilated patients do not show differences in aeration loss, nor estimated respiratory effort or tidal volume measured by EIT, LUS and DU.

Keywords:
Diaphragmatic ultrasound
Electrical impedance tomography
Lung aeration
Lung ultrasound
Spontaneous breathing trial
Respiratory effort
Abbreviations:
SBT
T-T
PSV
ICU
MV
EIT
LUS
DU
PEEP
RR
SpO2
FiO2
HR
SBP
NIRS
ARF
BSL
EoSBT
OTE
EELI
ΔEELI
Δ%EELI
ΔLUS
Δ%LUS
DE
TF
TI
ΔDE
ΔTF
ΔTI
BMI
APACHE II
SOFA
LOS
NIV
HFNC
SD
IR
OS
AU
Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar los cambios de aireación pulmonar y esfuerzo respiratorio generados por dos pruebas de respiración espontánea (PRE) diferentes: tubo en T (T-T) frente a ventilación con presión soporte (PS).

Diseño

Estudio prospectivo, intervencionista y aleatorizado.

Ámbito

Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital del Mar.

Participantes

Cuarenta y tres pacientes ventilados durante al menos 24 horas y considerados elegibles para una PRE fueron incluidos en el estudio entre octubre de 2017 y marzo de 2020.

Intervenciones

PRE de 30 minutos con T-T (20 pacientes) o PS de 8 cmH2O y presión positiva al final de la espiración de 5 cmH2O (23 pacientes).

Variables de interés principales

Datos demográficos, clínicos, variables fisiológicas, aireación pulmonar evaluada con tomografía de impedancia eléctrica (EIT) y ecografía pulmonar (LUS) y esfuerzo respiratorio mediante ultrasonografía diafragmática (DU) en diferentes momentos: basal (BSL), final de SBT (EoSBT) y una hora post-extubación (OTE).

Resultados

Hubo pérdida de aireación medida con EIT y LUS en los diferentes tiempos de estudio, sin diferencias estadísticas de BSL a OTE, entre T-T y PS [LUS: 3 (1, 5.5) AU vs 2 (1, 3) AU; p = 0.088; EELI: −2516.41 (−5871.88, 1090.46) AU vs −1992.4 (−3458.76, −5.07) AU; p = 0.918]. El porcentaje de variación entre BSL y OTE fue mayor cuando se utilizó LUS en comparación con EIT (68.1% vs 4.9%, p ≤ 0,001). La excursión diafragmática tiende a disminuir coincidiendo con una pérdida de aireación durante la extubación.

Conclusiones

T-T y PS como estrategias de PRE en pacientes ventilados no muestran diferencias en la pérdida de aireación, ni en el esfuerzo respiratorio estimado ni en el volumen corriente medido por EIT, LUS y DU.

Palabras clave:
Ecografía diafragmática
Tomografía de impedancia eléctrica
Aireación pulmonar
Ecografía pulmonar
Prueba de respiración espontánea
Esfuerzo respiratorio

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