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Update in intensive care medicine: ultrasound in the critically ill patient. Clinical applications
Available online 30 July 2024
Right ventricular dysfunction in the critically ill. Echocardiographic evaluation
Disfunción del ventrículo derecho en el paciente crítico. Evaluación ecocardiográfica
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Virginia Fraile-Gutiérreza,
Corresponding author
vicky_uvi@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, Lluis Zapata-Fenorb, Aaron Blandino-Ortizc, Manuel Guerrero-Mierd, Ana Ochagavia-Calvoe
a Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
b Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
c Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
d Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain
e Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge de L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
This item has received
Received 12 February 2024. Accepted 19 May 2024
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Tables (6)
Table 1. Basic echocardiographic parameters in the study of the right ventricle.
Table 2. Echocardiographic parameters for quantification of the size and systolic function of the right ventricle.
Table 3. Right ventricle diastolic function grades.
Table 4. Echocardiographic parameters for hemodynamic quantification of the right-side cavities.
Table 5. Studies on the relationship between right ventricular dysfunction and mortality in sepsis/septic shock.
Table 6. Characteristics of the right ventricle that determine its greater ischemic resistance.
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Abstract

Right ventricular dysfunction is common in critically ill patients, and is associated with increased mortality. Its diagnosis moreover remains challenging. In this review, we aim to outline the potential mechanisms underlying abnormal biomechanics of the right ventricle and the different injury phenotypes. A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of right ventricular injury can be informative for the intensivist in the diagnosis and management of this condition, and may serve to guide individualized treatment strategies.

We describe the main recommended parameters for assessing right ventricular systolic and diastolic function. We also define how to evaluate cardiac output and pulmonary circulation pressures with echocardiography, with a focus on the diagnosis of acute cor pulmonale and relevant applications in critical disorders such as distress, septic shock, and right ventricular infarction.

Keywords:
Right ventricle
Echocardiography
Right ventricular dysfunction
Cor pulmonale
Resumen

La alteración del ventrículo derecho (VD) es frecuente en los pacientes críticos y su disfunción se asocia a mayor mortalidad, lo que plantea un reto clínico en su diagnóstico. En esta revisión, pretendemos describir los posibles mecanismos de la biomecánica anormal del VD y los distintos fenotipos de su lesión. La comprensión de la fisiopatología y la historia natural de la lesión del VD puede informar al intensivista sobre el enfoque del diagnóstico y la monitorización de este, así como sobre la aplicación de intervenciones personalizadas con relevancia terapéutica.

Se realiza una descripción de los parámetros de evaluación de la función sistólica y diastólica del VD, junto con la estimación del gasto cardiaco y las presiones del circuito pulmonar mediante ecocardiografía, con énfasis en el diagnóstico del cor pulmonale agudo junto con aplicaciones clínicas en el paciente crítico como en el distrés, shock séptico e infarto de VD.

Palabras clave:
Ventrículo derecho
Ecocardiografía
Disfunción ventricular derecha
Cor pulmonale

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