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Review article
Available online 22 October 2024
Ten take-home messages on vasopressin use in critically ill patients
Diez aspectos clave sobre el uso de la vasopresina en el paciente crítico
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Ricard Ferrera,
Corresponding author
ricard.ferrer@vallhebron.cat

Corresponding author.
, Pedro Castrob, Carol Lorencioc, Josman Moncloud, Pilar Marcose, Ana Ochagaviaf, Juan Carlos Ruíz-Rodrígueza, Josep Trenadog, Christian Villavicencioh, Juan Carlos Yébenesi, Lluís Zapataj, on behalf of the SOCMIC Sepsis Working Group
a Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
c Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
d Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
e Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
f Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
g Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
h Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
i Hospital de Mataró-Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
j Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Table 1. Phases of septic shock showing goals and proposed monitoring for each phase.
Table 2. Main practical considerations for the use of vasopressin in critically ill patients.
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Abstract

The most used vasopressors in critically ill patients are exogenous catecholamines, mainly norepinephrine. Their use can be associated with serious adverse events and even increased mortality, especially if administered at high doses. In recent years, the addition of vasopressin has been proposed to counteract the deleterious effects of high doses of catecholamines (decatecholaminization) with the intention of improving the prognosis of these patients. Currently, vasopressin has two main indications: septic shock and vasoplegic shock in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. In septic shock, current evidence favors its early initiation before reaching high doses of norepinephrine. In the postoperative period of cardiac surgery, the different benefits of the use of vasopressin have been studied, especially in patients with atrial fibrillation and pulmonary hypertension. When used properly, vasopressin is a safe an effective drug for the indications described above.

Keywords:
Sepsis
Hypotension
Vasopressor
Vasopressin
Cardiac surgery
Resumen

Hasta el momento, los vasopresores más utilizados en los pacientes críticos son las catecolaminas exógenas, fundamentalmente la noradrenalina. Sin embargo, estas pueden tener efectos secundarios graves e incluso pueden aumentar la mortalidad, sobre todo si se administran a dosis elevadas. En los últimos años se ha propuesto la adición de la vasopresina para contrarrestar sus efectos deletéreos (decatecolaminización) con la intención de mejorar el pronóstico de estos pacientes. Actualmente, la vasopresina tiene dos indicaciones principales: el shock séptico y el shock vasopléjico en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca. En el shock séptico, la evidencia actual favorece el inicio temprano de vasopresina antes de alcanzar dosis elevadas de noradrenalina. En el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca se han estudiado los diferentes beneficios del uso de vasopresina, sobre todo en los pacientes con fibrilación auricular e hipertensión pulmonar. El uso correcto de la vasopresina lo hace un fármaco generalmente seguro y eficaz para estas indicaciones.

Palabras clave:
Sepsis
Hipotensión
Vasopresor
Vasopresina
Cirugía cardiaca

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